Sucrose

Sucrose is a sugar molecule composed of glucose and fructose. It is often referred to as "table sugar" or simply "sugar."

Health Impact

A 1969 study tested 19 men who each ate high sucrose for two weeks and low sucrose diets for two weeks. All of the men developed high triglycerides while consuming high sucrose diets, but six of the 19 also gained , increased platelet adhesiveness, and increased serum immunoreactive insulin. The authors surmised that "It is suggested that the effect of sucrose in producing hyperinsulinism may be more relevant to its possible role in the aetiology of ischaemic heart disease than its effect on blood lipids. It is further suggested that only some individuals are susceptible to the development of ischaemic heart disease by dietary sucrose, and that these may be identified as those that show 'sucrose-induced hyperinsulinism'."

Articles and Resources

SourceWatch Resources

• Sugar
• Sugar Research Foundation, Inc.
• Alliance for Better Foods
• American Council for Fitness and Nutrition
• International Life Sciences Institute
• International Obesity Task Force
• Obesity PR
• Obesity Working Group
• Sugar industry

External Articles

2014:

• Eric Lipton, "Rival Industries Sweet Talk the Public," New York Times, February 11, 2014.

2012:

• Yohevet Romero-Sarmiento, Ida Soto-Rodriguez, Agustin Arzaba-Villalba, Hugo Sergio Garcia, and Alfonso Alexander-Aguilera, "Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on oxidative stress in rats with sucrose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease," Journal of Functional Foods, November 25, 2012.
• Zhi-Hong Yang, Hiroko Miyahara, Jiro Takeo and Masashi Katayama, "Diet high in fat and sucrose induces rapid onset of obesity-related metabolic syndrome partly through rapid response of genes involved in lipogenesis, insulin signalling and inflammation in mice," Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 2012.

2011:

• Tricia M. Nemoseck, Erin G. Carmody, Allison Furchner-Evanson, Marsa Gleason, Amy Li, Hayley Potter, Lauren M. Rezende, Kelly J. Lane, and Mark Kern, "Honey promotes lower weight gain, adiposity, and triglycerides than sucrose in rats," Nutrition Research, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2011.
• Carlos A. Roncal-Jimenez, Miguel A. Lanaspa, Christopher J. Rivard, Takahiko Nakagawa, L Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Diana Jalal, Ana Andres-Hernando, Katsuyuki Tanabe, Magdalena Madero, Nanxing Li, Christina Cicerchi, Kim Mc Fann, Yuri Y. Sautin, and Richard J Johnson, "Sucrose induces Fatty Liver and Pancreatic Inflammation in Male Breeder Rats Independent of Excess Energy Intake," Metabolism, April 12, 2011.
• Isabelle Aeberli, Philipp A Gerber, Michel Hochuli, Sibylle Kohler, Sarah R Haile, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Heiner K Berthold, Giatgen A Spinas, and Kaspar Berneis, "Low to moderate sugar-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes inflammation in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 15, 2011.
• Tao Ma, Bjørn Liaset, Qin Hao, Rasmus Koefoed Petersen, Even Fjære, Ha Thi Ngo, Haldis Haukås Lillefosse, Stine Ringholm, Si Brask Sonne, Jonas Thue Treebak, Henriette Pilegaard, Livar Frøyland, Karsten Kristiansen, and Lise Madsen, "Sucrose Counteracts the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Fish Oil in Adipose Tissue and Increases Obesity Development in Mice," PLOS One, June 28, 2011.
• Maria Maersk, Anita Belza, Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen, Steffen Ringgaard, Elizaveta Chabanova, Henrik Thomsen, Steen B Pedersen, Arne Astrup, and Bjørn Richelsen, "Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase fat storage in the liver, muscle, and visceral fat depot: a 6-mo randomized intervention study," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, December 28, 2011.

2005:

• Lone B Sørensen, Anne Raben, Steen Stender, and Arne Astrup, "Effect of sucrose on inflammatory markers in overweight humans," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, August 2005.

1980s:

• J. Yudkin and O. Eisa, "Dietary Sucrose and Oestradiol Concentration in Young Men," Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Vol. 32, No. 2, 1988.
• John Yudkin, "Metabolic Changes Induced by Sugar in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes," Nutrition and Health, April 1987, vol. 5 no. 1-2 5-8.
• G Dulloo, OA Eisa, DS Miller, and J Yudkin, "A comparative study of the effects of white sugar, unrefined sugar and starch on the efficiency of food utilization and thermogenesis," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1985.
• J Yudkin, S S Kang, and K R Bruckdorfer, "Effects of high dietary sugar," British Medical Journal, November 22, 1980.

1970s:

• Albert Sanchez, J. L. Reeser, H. S. Lau, P. Y. Yahiku, R. E. Willard, P. J. McMillan, S. Y. Cho, A. R. Magie, andbU. D. Register, "Role of sugars in human neutrophilic phagocytosis," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, November 1973.
• K. R. Bruckdorfer, I. H. Khan and John Yudkin, "Fatty acid synthetase activity in the liver and adipose tissue of rats fed with various carbohydrates," Biochemical Journal, 1972.
• Ancel Keys, "Sucrose in the diet and coronary heart disease," Atherosclerosis, Volume 14, Issue 2, September–October 1971, Pages 193–202.

1960s:

• John Yudkin, Stephen Szanto, and V.V. Kakkar, "Sugar intake, serum insulin and platelet adhesiveness in men with and without peripheral vascular disease," Postgraduate Medical Journal, September 1969.
• Stephen Szanto and John Yudkin, "The effect of dietary sucrose on blood lipids, serum insulin, platelet adhesiveness and body weight in human volunteers," Postgraduate Medical Journal, September 1969.
• D. G. Bett, J. Morland, and J. Yudkin, "Sugar consumption in acne vulgaris and seborrhoeic dermatitis," British Medical Journal, July 15, 1967.
• John Yudkin and Jill Morland, "Sugar Intake and Myocardial Infarction," American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, May 1967, vol. 20 no. 5 503-506
• Sohair Al-Nagdy, D.S. Miller, R.U. Qureshi, and John Yudkin, "Metabolic Differences between Starch and Sucrose," Nature 209, 81 - 82 (01 January 1966); doi:10.1038/209081a0