Corn Rootworm Resistant Corn
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Corn Rootworm Resistant Corn is a type of Bt corn. It is corn that has been genetically engineered to produce an insecticidal protein that is naturally made by a bacteria called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), in every cell of the plant. The GE corn variety is intended to kill the corn rootworm. However, by 2011, pests evolved resistance to Bt.[1] Bt Crops and genetically modified organisms are controversial around the world.
Contents
Timeline
2002:
2003:
- Monsanto commercializes MON 863 as "YieldGard Rootworm® Corn."[2]
- Monsanto also sells the MON 863 trait in a "stacked" variety called YieldGard Rootworm insect-protected corn stacked with Roundup Ready Corn 2.
2004:
- Monsanto sells "YieldGard Plus corn," a product with both the corn rootworm resistance trait (MON 863) and a European corn borer resistance trait (MON 810).
2005:
- Monsanto sells a "triple stacked" product called "YieldGard Plus with Roundup Ready Corn 2." This included both insect resistance Bt traits (MON 863 and MON 810) as well as its Roundup Ready 2 trait.
- September 23: U.S. deregulates the variety DAS-59122-7, made by Mycogen Seeds/Dow AgroSciences LLC and Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. (DuPont). This variety produces a Cry34Ab1 protein and a Cry35Ab1 protein
- December 14: U.S. deregulates Monsanto's variety MON 88017, which expresses a Cry3Bb1 protein
Corn Rootworm Resistant Products
The following products are genetically engineered with Bt genes that are intended to provide resistance to corn rootworm:
- YieldGard Rootworm® Corn (MON 863) [3][4]
- YieldGard Rootworm with Roundup Ready Corn 2 (MON 863 and NK603)
- YieldGard Plus corn (MON 863 and MON 810)
- YieldGard Plus with Roundup Ready Corn 2 (MON 863, MON 810, and NK603)
- Genuity® SmartStax® (MON 88017, MON 89034, TC1507, and DAS59122-7)
- Genuity® VT-Triple ™ (MON 810 and MON 88017)
- Genuity® VT-Triple Pro™ (MON 88017 and MON 89034)
- Seminis Performance Series Sweet Corn (MON 88017 and MON 89034)
Dow Agrosciences and Pioneer Hi-Bred International:[5]
- Herculex® RW (DAS59122-7)
- Herculex® RW Roundup Ready® Corn 2 (NK603 and DAS-59122-7)
- Herculex® Xtra (TC1507 and DAS59122-7)
- Herculex® Xtra Roundup® Corn 2 (TC1507, NK603, and DAS59122-7)
- SmartStax™ (MON 88017, MON 89034, TC1507, and DAS59122-7)
- Optimum® AcreMax® RW Rootworm Protection (NK603 and DAS-59122-7)
- Optimum® AcreMax® Xtra Insect Protection (LibertyLink, YieldGard Corn Borer, TC1507, NK603, and DAS59122-7)
- Agrisure® RW
- GT/RW (MIR604 and SYTGA21)
- Agrisure® CB/LL/RW (Bt11 and MIR604)
- Agrisure® 3000GT (Bt11, SYTGA21, and MIR604)
Articles and resources
Related SourceWatch articles
- GE Corn
- Bt Corn
- Bt Crops
- Biotechnology
- GMO Policies by Country
- Bacillus thuringiensis
- Bt-Resistant Insects
- Genetically Modified Organisms
- Monsanto
- DuPont
- Pioneer Hi-Bred
References
- ↑ Clay Dillow, "Pests Are Developing Resistance to Monsanto's Engineered Supercorn," Popular Science, August 30, 2011, Accessed September 1, 2011.
- ↑ Monsanto Company History, Accessed August 11, 2012.
- ↑ Monsanto Company History, Accessed August 11, 2012.
- ↑ A Compendium of Corn Biotech Traits, Purdue University, Accessed August 11, 2012.
- ↑ A Compendium of Corn Biotech Traits, Purdue University, Accessed August 11, 2012.
- ↑ Optimum AcreMax, Accessed August 14, 2012.
External resources
- Know Before You Grow, National Corn Growers Association.
- A Compendium of Biotech Corn Traits, Purdue University.
- Know Before You Grow, National Corn Growers Association
- A Compendium of Biotech Corn Traits, Purdue University.
- GM Crop Database, Center for Environmental Risk Assessment
- Overview of GMO Events Commercially Available and Regulatory Status
- Novel Food Decisions - Approved Products, Health Canada.
- Charles Benbrook, "Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops on Pesticide Use: The First Thirteen Years" and Supplemental Tables, The Organic Center, 2009.
- "Failure to Yield: Evaluating the Performance of Genetically Engineered Crops," Union of Concerned Scientists, 2009.
External articles
- G. Chandrashekhar, "Monsanto hopes India will clear Bt corn in 3 years," The Hindu, September 10, 2011.
- Stephanie Bodoni, "French ban of modified maize dealt blow in court: Monsanto, 10 other companies, challenged action," STLToday.com, September 10, 2011.
- Jack Kaskey, "Monsanto Corn Falls to Illinois Bugs as Investigation Widens," Bloomberg, September 2, 2011.
- Clay Dillow, "Pests Are Developing Resistance to Monsanto's Engineered Supercorn," Popular Science, August 30, 2011.
- Associated Press, "Monsanto shares slip on bug-resistant corn woes," Forbes, August 29, 2011.
- Scott Kilman, "Monsanto Corn Plant Losing Bug Resistance," Wall Street Journal, August 29, 2011.
- Dan Piller, "Beetle resistance reported to Monsanto BT corn," Des Moines Register, August 28, 2011.
- Mike Gray, "Severe root damage to Bt corn confirmed in northwestern Illinois," Aces News, August 24, 2011.
