Sinclair Broadcast Group

Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. (SBG) is a media company that owns and operates the largest number of TV stations -- 483 local television channels -- in the United States, as of its 2016 annual report. Those channels include 36 ABC, 30 CBS, 22 NBC, and 54 FOX affiliates, reaching approximately 38 percent of all U.S. television households (the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC's) national ownership cap restricts television broadcasters from reaching more than 39 percent of the country's population). The company is based in Hunt Valley, Maryland.

Sinclair is the subject of controversy for its $3.9 billion planned acquisition of the 42 broadcast stations owned by Tribune Media -- former owners of the Chicago Tribune and Los Angeles Times" -- announced May 2017, as well as for its "size, rightwing politics and close connections to [President] Donald Trump's White House," according to The Guardian as well as Politico and CNN. The company has until October 5, 2017 to respond to the latest FCC request for information about its pending merger with Tribune.

SBG has been compared to the radio conglomerate Clear Channel Communications, and programming produced by the group has long been considered to have a right-wing slant. For example, in April 2004, the company refused to broadcast a special "Nightline" episode, produced by the ABC television network, that was devoted to reading the names of soldiers who had died in "Operation Iraqi Freedom." SBG also directed its stations to air an anti-Kerry program ahead of the 2004 Presidential election.

Concerns about SBG's conservative bias have led to anti-Sinclair campaigns. See "Activism against Sinclair" below.

Sinclair Purchase of Tribune Media Stations, Subject to FCC Approval

Stations owned by Sinclair and those owned by its competitor Tribune Media together reach 72 percent of U.S. households, as of August 2017. Its plan to acquire Tribune for $3.9 billion in 2017 therefore met with numerous requests for the FCC to deny Sinclair's acquisition, including by non-profit watchdog groups Free Press and Common Cause, as well as Dish Network LLC and the American Cable Association. Sinclair responded in a filing submitted to the FCC that, paradoxically, its planned acquisition would "help to ensure the future of the free and local television model for both Tribune and Sinclair's local communities."

Free Press executive director Craig Aaron told CNN, "It's a scandal.... Trump-favoring mega-chain gets rules changed -- and expects others to be erased -- so it can put its cookie-cutter newscasts in nearly 70 percent of local markets across the country... I feel terrible for the local journalists who will be forced to set aside their news judgment to air Trump administration talking points and reactionary commentaries from headquarters. This deal would have been DOA in any other admin, but the Trump FCC isn't just approving it; they're practically arranging it."

Politico obtained an internal memo defending Sinclair against "biased" news organizations that have "an agenda to destroy our reputation" in July 2017. "The memo, written by Sinclair's Vice President of News Scott Livingston and sent to Sinclair station news directors, said he wants to 'dispel some of the myths' being reported about the organization," Politico reported.

Sinclair Forces Affiliates to Air "Must Run" Segments, Critics Claim

Sinclair Broadcast Group: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

John Oliver, host of HBO's "Last Week Tonight," focused on Sinclair's "must run" segments in a 19-minute segment in July 2017.

Politico reported, "Sinclair has come under fire over the past year as it has drastically increased its national footprint while pushing a more right-leaning point of view through segments it requires all of its stations to air. Those segments include commentary from former Trump White House official Boris Epshteyn as well as a 'terrorism alert desk.'" Sinclair responded internally that, "while it's true Sinclair issues 'must run' content, media reports which say they are of 'poor quality' and 'politically tilted' are not true, and that 'must runs' amount to less than one hour per week, on average..."

But on the eve of the 2012 presidential election, for example, "Sinclair stations in several battlegrounds states aired a ­corporate-produced half-hour news 'special' that criticized" then-President Barack Obama and his policies, according to the Washington Post. And the FCC "fined Sinclair $36,000" for violating "rules against 'payola punditry'" in 2007.

Armstrong Williams Fines

On October 18, 2007, the FCC announced its intention to fine Sinclair $36,000, for broadcasts of the political / public affairs show "America's Black Forum" (ABF), where payola pundit Armstrong Williams had appeared. Williams had received payments from the U.S. Department of Education, through the PR firm Ketchum, to promote the Bush administration's "No Child Left Behind" policy. The proposed fine was $4,000 for each of the nine Sinclair stations that had aired the ABF episode "2004 Election Countdown," during which Armstrong Williams discussed NCLB.

The Sinclair stations hadn't been paid to air the program, and hadn't been notified that Williams was being paid by the government. But the FCC faulted them for airing a political program without disclosing that it had been provided by an outside source. "Broadcast stations must identify the sponsor of any materials or services furnished for use in connection with 'any particular broadcast matter or any broadcast matter involving the discussion of a controversial issue of public importance,'" stated the FCC notice of apparent liability.

On December 11, 2007, Sinclair filed an appeal to the proposed fine. "[T]he FCC accused a number of Sinclair stations of failing to comply with disclosure rules regarding political announcements as a result of the broadcast by these stations of an episode of the nationally syndicated, public affairs program 'America's Black Forum'," stated a Sinclair press release. However, it continued, "the FCC mistakenly assumed that Mr. Williams was the producer or owner of the program. In fact, however, Mr. Williams was simply a paid political commentator on a program that was produced by Uniworld Group, Inc., an unrelated company owned by the African American entrepreneur Byron Lewis, Sr."

Cutting Back on News

Sinclair "is scaling back its News Central operation ... opting to seek out news share arrangements," reports Katy Bachman. "Beginning March 31, Sinclair will no longer feed live, anchored prime-time newscasts to its stations," though it will continue to provide some content and support "to the 20 of its 58 stations that produce local news." A statement from Sinclair explained, "Because the costs to produce high quality local news are so significant, moving to a news sharing partnership with a strong network affiliated station can provide an effective means to bring additional news coverage to the market." Bachman notes that under the new arrangement, "news operations are expected to close down at four of Sinclair's WB stations in Buffalo, Milwaukee, Tampa and Raleigh."

Sinclair news director Joe DeFeo said, "Our local news staff at our WB stations should take pride in the solid and professional newscasts they produced."

Kerry Film Controversy

Order to Local Stations

Sinclair gained further notoriety by ordering its 62 local stations to preempt prime time programming to broadcast an anti-Kerry film just before the November 2, 2004 general election. Those 62 stations include affiliates of all six major commercial broadcast networks in the swing states of Florida, Ohio, Wisconsin, Nevada and Pennsylvania. Initial plans to air the film, according to the Los Angeles Times, included "a panel discussion, which Kerry will be asked to join, thus potentially satisfying fairness regulations."

The Film

According to the Washington Post, the film "focuses on Kerry's antiwar testimony to Congress in 1971 and its effect on American POWs in Vietnam." Titled "Stolen Honor: Wounds That Never Heal," the film is produced by Carlton Sherwood, a former associate of Tom Ridge, and includes interviews with former POWs who say their Vietnamese captors used Kerry's comments to undercut prisoner morale. The anti-Kerry organization, Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, cross-promoted the film as part of a $1.4 million advertising campaign.

Responses

Sinclair's order to broadcast the film prompted criticism from Jon Leiberman, Sinclair's lead political reporter. "It's biased political propaganda, with clear intentions to sway this election," Leiberman said. "I have nothing to gain here -- and really, I have a lot to lose," he said. "At the end of the day, though, all you really have is your credibility." Leiberman was fired within a few hours of making those comments.

In a later commentary column, Leiberman explained that when he was promoted to start Sinclair's Washington bureau he discovered the pressure to supply pro-administration news. "It started with the politically charged commentaries of Mark Hyman, in nearly every newscast. Then newsroom leaders (at the encouragement of Hyman) started suggesting pro-administration story ideas. They made sure that every political story had a comment from the Bush administration, and went out of their way to get it. But they didn't always balance the stories with the Democratic response," he wrote in Broadcasting and Cable.

When SBG first flagged that it would broadcast Stolen Honour Leiberman, while not happy about it, felt it could be tolerated if it was broadcast as commentary or an opinion. But he drew the line when SBG decided it would be screened as "news", a classification that would preclude the Kerry campaign from having equal time to respond.

Leiberman protested and while others shared his concerns the fear of being sacked left him being isolated. "When I told them I couldn't do it, and that it wasn't news, and that it would hurt everyone's reputation, nobody else stood up with me. But though I was the only one in that room speaking up, I looked around me and I didn't feel alone," he wrote.

The Democratic National Committee filed a legal motion with the Federal Election Commission stating that it is inappropriate for Sinclair to air "partisan propaganda" in the last 10 days of an election campaign. On October 15, Marc E. Elias, General Counsel of the Kerry-Edwards campaign, sent to a letter to Sinclair CEO David D. Smith in which Elias noted the DNC complaint that the broadcast would be "illegal corporate-funded 'electioneering communication,'" and concluded, "This program constitutes an attack on Senator Kerry by supporters of President Bush."

However, the Federal Communications Commission indicated that it would do nothing to prevent Sinclair's broadcast of the anti-Kerry film. Eighteen Democratic senators wrote FCC chair Michael Powell asking him to investigate whether the broadcast should be allowed under FCC rules. Powell told CNN "Don't look to us to block the airing of a program."

The Boston Globe criticized the FCC stance, noting in an October 15, 2004 editorial, "Broadcasting 'Stolen Honor' this close to the election would have violated the Fairness Doctrine, an FCC rule that mandated stations, as holders of scarce broadcasting licences, provide balanced coverage of political issues." However, "The FCC abolished the rule in 1987."

Reed Hunt, the FCC chair from 1993 to 1997 under President Clinton, wrote, "Chairman Powell instead pretends that he has been asked to bar the showing of the propaganda -- which no one has asked him to do. His remarks are so far off the point, and he is so intelligent, that one must conclude that he knows what he is doing and intends the result -- tacit and plain encouragement of the use of the Sinclair airwaves to pursue a smear campaign. No broadcast group in the history of America has ever committed an hour to smearing a presidential candidate, and no FCC chairman before this one would have reacted with equanimity to this radical step down in broadcasting ethics."

A Lehman Brothers Equity Research analyst report dated October 15, 2004 called Sinclair's plans to air the anti-Kerry film "potentially damaging -- both financially and politically." As quoted by journalist Joshua Micah Marshall, the analyst report continued, "In a best case scenario, we believe that this decision could result in lost ad revenues. In a worst case scenario, we believe the decision may lead to higher political risk. As mgmt has increased the co's political risk, we are reducing our 12-month price target to $9 (from $10)."

On October 5th 2005, Carlton Sherwood said he was suing Senator John Kerry, and a one-time campaign saying the two defamed him as they sought to block the broadcast Sherwood's suit alleges that Kerry directed the Democratic National Committee to issue a statement that said the film was produced and funded by "extreme right-wing activists." Sherwood claims the film was funded only by Vietnam veterans from Pennsylvania.

The "Holocaust Deniers" Comparison

On October 12, 2004, Sinclair vice president Mark Hyman was interviewed by CNN's Bill Hemmer. In that interview, the following exchange occurred:

HEMMER: Democrats say this is illegal. Clearly, you do not. Why not?

HYMAN: Well, a couple of issues. First of all, we haven't even looked at a 90-minute program. But if John Kerry wants to spend 45 minutes or an hour with us, maybe we have a 90-minute program. Again, no formal format has been decided upon.

However, the accusations coming from Terry McAuliffe and others, is it because they are some elements of this that may reflect poorly on John Kerry? That it's somehow an in-kind contribution of George Bush?

If you use that logic and reasoning, that means every car bomb in Iraq would be an in-kind contribution to John Kerry. Weak job performance ratings that came out last month would have been an in- kind contribution to John Kerry. And that's just nonsense.

This is news. I can't change the fact that these people decided to come forward today. The networks had this opportunity over a month ago to speak with these people. They chose to suppress them. They chose to ignore them. They are acting like Holocaust deniers, pretending these men don't exist.

Hyman's comparison of Democrats to Holocaust deniers has been widely condemned. Abraham H. Foxman, National Director of the Anti-Defamation League, wrote a public letter to the Washington Post, urging Hyman to retract his comments.

Damage Control

Although the Washington Post reports that "Stolen Honor" was released in early September, SBG's webpage at the time stated, "The program has not been videotaped and the exact format of this unscripted event has not been finalized. Characterizations regarding the content are premature and are based on ill-informed sources."

Ultimately, Sinclair "backed down after the publicity led to threats of an advertising boycott, complaints from Democratic politicians and threats of shareholder action. On Oct. 22, Sinclair aired what many analysts called a largely balanced news program about Kerry on about 40 stations," reported the Los Angeles Times.

While Sinclair retreated two attorneys at the Brennan Center for Justice, Marjorie Heins and Adam H. Morse, argued in an article in Legal Times that the case illustrated major problems with media regulation. While requiring broadcasters to offer a right of reply "is a necessary, if imperfect, remedy for biased reporting" the real challenge was breaking up the media conglomerates.

A solution, they proposed, was to "include more full-power and low-power broadcast licenses for independent, community-based, nonprofit media, as well as access rules that require commercial broadcasters to share some of their valuable air time with local nonprofits."

They also argued that access to the airwaves would be insufficient without funding support as well. "Funding mechanisms are also crucial to build up the nonprofit media sector so that it can begin to redress the current imbalance between commercial and nonprofit broadcasting, and disseminate alternative political and cultural views," they wrote.

Currying Favor with Republicans?

USA Today wrote that Sinclair might be currying favor with President Bush and other Republicans because the company "needs the federal government to relax several media ownership restrictions."

"Sinclair is barely profitable and laden with debt," reported USA Today. "It had a net profit of $14 million on revenue of $739 million in 2003." One route to greater profitability would be for Sinclair to solidify "its hold on local markets by controlling, for example, two stations in more cities and sharing operating and news-gathering costs." But, for that to happen, the FCC rules need to change "to permit a company to own two or more stations in more communities than allowed now"; "to ease a restriction that bars a company from owning TV stations reaching more than 35% of all homes, and to lift the rule that keeps companies from owning newspapers and TV stations in most markets."

Since Bush and his FCC chair Michael Powell have "made media deregulation a priority," while Kerry and other Democrats promised during the 2004 campaign to "clamp down on changes that promote consolidation," Sinclair might hope that its support of Republican candidates would "pay off" with further media deregulation.

Sinclair's apparent preference for Republicans is also mirrored in their campaign contributions. "Of the top twenty TV and Radio companies to make political contributions in 2004," reported MediaChannel, Sinclair "is among the most conservative, giving 98 percent of its $65,434 in political contributions to GOP candidates."

Activism against Sinclair

Boycotting Advertisers

In response to the Kerry film controversy, several websites called for a boycott, to pressure companies to pull their advertising from Sinclair stations, including:

• http://www.boycottsbg.com
• http://www.boycottsinclairbroadcasting.com
• http://www.stopsinclair.org

The Daily Kos political blog and the associated dKosopedia wiki also supported the boycott, including by publishing advertiser responses to citizen complaints. According to AlterNet's Don Hazen , "The rapidly growing, aggressive advertising boycott effort has already had a measurable financial impact on Sinclair, whose stock dropped 10 percent over the past week, closing on Friday at an all-time low of $7.04 - a $60 million loss in value." However, some businesses (including Hannaford's supermarkets) reportedly reversed their decision to pull advertising on Sinclair stations, after pressure from the media company.

Challenging Local Licenses

"Sinclair's license renewals for six stations in North and South Carolina are being challenged by the nonprofit group Free Press," reported the Los Angeles Times. Free Press filed their petition with the FCC on November 1, 2004, calling Sinclair "the poster child for abuse of the public airwaves."

In their media release on the petition, the organization wrote, "Free Press alleges that Sinclair, working in concert with Cunningham Broadcasting, is operating illegal duopolies (two commonly owned and controlled stations in the same market) in Asheville and in Charleston. Free Press accuses Cunningham of being a sham owner that has relinquished complete economic and editorial control of its stations to Sinclair. ... Free Press further alleges that Sinclair ignores its obligations to provide programming that serves the interests of local communities. Sinclair has fired local news staffs and consolidated 'local news' operations into its headquarters in Baltimore, MD under the name 'News Central.' Free Press claims this practice increases the profits of Sinclair at the expense of depriving each of the communities of genuine local news and coverage of community events."

In response, SBG dismissed the complaint and called on the FCC to sanction Free Press for what it claimed was an "abuse of process".

"It is absurd that Sinclair and the FCC must waste valuable resources responding to such a frivolous pleading, and the Commission should send a signal that it will not tolerate such conduct," the News & Observer reported SBG wrote in a document filed with the FCC. Free Press dismissed the claim as "ridiculous".

SBG also defended its centralized news system stating that there are "no FCC regulations prohibiting centralized operations." Free Press argues that the FCC requirement is that broadcasters serve the needs of the local community.

SinclairAction.com

In December 2004, a coalition of liberal groups, led by Media Matters for America and also including MoveOn, MediaChannel.org, Free Press, Working Assets, AlterNet, the Institute for America's Future, and movie director Robert Greenwald launched a new anti-Sinclair campaign, with a website at SinclairAction.com. The campaign charged the company with "misusing public airwaves with partisan news programming."

The campaign includes letters to Sinclair advertisers and the company itself, but does not involve a boycott. A major focus of the campaign is Sinclair's nightly commentary, called "The Point." Sinclair spokesman and lobbyist Mark Hyman records "The Point" commentaries, which air on "about 40 of the 62 stations that Sinclair owns, programs or manages, reaching about one-fourth of U.S. homes with televisions."

An analysis of "The Point" from November 2 to December 1, 2004, conducted by Media Matters, "found that the commentaries repeatedly attacked former Democratic candidate John F. Kerry, former President Clinton and other Democratic politicians. Hyman has referred to Democrats as the 'Angry Left,' charged that there is a liberal bias in the media and expressed support for Bush administration policies." The SinclairAction.com campaign is pressuring Sinclair "to allow rebuttals to 'The Point' or even add another commentary with a more liberal point of view."

Hyman said he was "amused" by the campaign, and asked why, "in a 160-hour programming week," critics would focus on "my comments, which run one or two minutes long on a daily basis for a total of 10 to 15 minutes a week." Hyman also pointed out that the word "commentary" flashes on the screen during "The Point" segments. "We go out of our way to make sure people know it's purely opinion," he said. Hyman added, "I think the fact that they don't talk about our news portion of our newscasts suggests that they're satisfied that the newscasts are honest, balanced and impartial. I certainly think they are."

A frequent criticism of Mark Hyman's "commentaries" is that he does not allow counter-commentaries as balance. Even though he invites listener comment, rebuttals are not aired during his commentary segment. In July of 2004, Ted Remington, a University of Iowa Rhetoric professor created a website called "CounterPoint" to provide daily rebuttals to Mark Hyman's commentaries. As of April 2005, over 80 rebuttal articles had been posted. Ted Remington's commentary apparently caught the attention of Mark Hyman because on the February 16, 2005 edition of 'The Point', Hyman smeared Prof. Remington with charges that the professor approved of plagiarism by quoting some words from a university online rhetoric course that Prof. Remington co-taught out of context.

Company history and marketing focus

The company originated in 1971 when Julian Sinclair Smith brought UHF station WBFF-TV in Baltimore, Maryland. After acquiring several existing UHF stations, Julian Sinclair Smith's four sons founded Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. in 1986. The Smith family controls over 95% of the stock in the Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. Smith family members who sit on the board of directors include David D. Smith, President and CEO, Frederick G. Smith, Vice President, and J. Duncan Smith, Vice President and Secretary.

The Sinclair Broadcast group owns and operates, programs, or provides sales and services to more than 62 media outlets. Many stations are owned outright by the company, but many others are affiliated through local marketing agreements, or LMAs. The stations are affiliates of various television networks: ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, CW, and the MyNetwork TV. Two of the stations are independents. Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. owns television stations in key Swing States such as Florida (WTTA - Tampa, WTWC - Tallahassee, FL), Missouri (KDNL - St. Louis, MO), Ohio (WTTE & WSYX - Columbus, OH, WKEF & WRGT - Dayton, OH), Minnesota (WUCW - Minneapolis, MN), and Wisconsin (WMSN - Madison, WI).

SBG has experimented with using a centralized news organization called "NewsCentral" that provides pre-packaged news segments for distribution to several of the group's stations. These segments are integrated into programming during local news broadcasts. Mark Hyman, a high-ranking executive at SBG, also creates editorial segments called "the Point" that are broadcast on all of the group's stations.

On April 9, 1999 shares of the company fell nearly 18% after Fox said it would cut the amount of commercial time available to affiliates. Sinclair said this move would hurt its cash flow. New York Times, April 9, 1999.

In July of 1999, the company sold 43 of its radio stations to Entercom Communications in a push to expand into digital television and the internet (New York Times, July 28, 1999).

See also Sinclair Broadcast Group/Media markets and advertisers.

Company Structure

Fiscal Information

SBG had over $2.7 billion in revenue in fiscal year 2016, according to its 2016 annual report (p. 8).

Officers

As of August 2017:

• Christopher S. Ripley, President and Chief Executive Officer
• David D. Smith, Executive Chairman
• Frederick G. Smith, Vice President
• J. Duncan Smith, Vice President
• David B. Amy, Vice Chairman
• David R. Bochenek, Senior Vice President / Chief Accounting Officer
• Barry M. Faber, Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Distribution and Network Relations (former Head of Legal Department)
• Rebecca J. Hanson, Senior Vice President / Strategy and Policy
• Steven M. Marks, Executive Vice President & Chief Operating Officer of Sinclair Television Group, Inc.
• Delbert R. Parks, III, Senior Vice President / Chief Technology Officer
• Stephen J. Pruett, Executive Vice President & Chief TV Development Officer
• Lucy A. Rutishauser, Senior Vice President Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer
• Donald H. Thompson, Senior Vice President / Human Resources
• Robert D. Weisbord, SVP, Chief Operating Officer, Sinclair Digital

Former officers:

• Darren Shipiro - Vice President, Sales
• Nat S. Ostroff - Vice President, Technical
• Thomas I. Waters III - Vice President, Purchasing
• Joe DeFeo - Vice President
• M. William Butler - Vice President
• Gregg Siegel - Vice President, Sales
• Mark E. Hyman - Vice President, Corporate Communications
• Jeffrey W. Sleete - Vice President, Marketing

Board of Directors

As of August 2017:

• David D. Smith, Executive Chairman
• Frederick G. Smith, Vice President and Director
• J. Duncan Smith, Vice President, Secretary and Director
• Robert E. Smith, Director
• Howard E. Friedman, Director
• Daniel C. Keith, Director / Compensation Committee Chair
• Martin R. Leader, Director
• Lawrence E. McCanna, Director / Audit Committee Chair

Former Board Members:

• Basil A. Thomas, Of Counsel, Thomas & Libowitz, P.A.

Top 20 Institutional Investors

As of 2018:

• Vanguard Total Stock Market Index
• Small Cap Index
• Principal Small-MidCap Dividend Inc A
• Fidelity® Value
• Fidelity® Capital & Income
• Glenmede Small Cap Equity Adv
• Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Inv
• /Vanguard Extended Market Index Inv
• Oppenheimer Equity Income A
• DFA US Small Cap I
• American Beacon Small Cp Val Inst
• Fidelity® Leveraged Company Stock
• ClearBridge Mid Cap A
• Dreyfus Opportunistic Small Cap
• Oppenheimer Global Value A
• Dreyfus Opportunistic Midcap Value A
• iShares Russell 2000 Growth
• Fidelity® Dividend Growth
• Strategic Advisers® Small-Mid Cap
• Pax World Small Cap Institutional

Contact Information

Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc.
10706 Beaver Dam Road
Hunt Valley, MARYLAND 21030
(410) 568-1500
(410) 568-1533
http://www.sbgi.net

Articles and Resources

Related SourceWatch Articles

• Armstrong Williams
• Sinclair Broadcast Group/Media markets and advertisers
• Sinclair Broadcast Group refuses to broadcast Nightline episode on fallen soldiers
• Carlton A. Sherwood
• Red, White & Blue Productions, Inc.
• Stolen Honor: Wounds That Never Heal

External Resources

• Media Matters for America, A short history of the right-wing politics of Sinclair Broadcasting, July 18, 2017
• Background information DKos Diary: "The Sinclair Broadcasting Group, Explored" by Hunter
• Ketupa.net - Sinclair Broadcast Group media group profile

External Articles

• Paul Schmelzer, "The Death of Local News," AlterNet, April 23, 2003.
• Sinclair Broadcast Group, "SBG Comments on Ownership Rules", Media Release, June 2, 2003.
• Sinclair Broadcast Group, "SBG Comments on FCC Vs. Rainbow Push Court Decision", Media Release, June 10, 2003.
• Timothy Karr, "Broadcaster's Own 'Political Agenda' Plays Part in Nightline Snub," MediaChannel, April 29, 2004.
• Sinclair Broadcast Group, "SBG Responds to Senator McCain", Media Release, April 30, 2004.
• Lisa de Moraes, "Stations to Boycott Nightline's List of the Fallen," Washington Post, April 30, 2004, p. C7.
• Al Tompkins, "ABC Breaks Through Nightline Blackout," Poynter Online, April 30, 2004.
• Sinclair Broadcast Group, "SBG Comments on Media Ownership Rules", Media Release, June 29, 2004.
• Elizabeth Jensen, "Conservative TV Group to Air Anti-Kerry Film," Los Angeles Times, October 9, 2004.
• Jay Rosen, "John Kerry Should Accept Sinclair Broadcasting's Offer," PressThink, October 9, 2004.
• Sinclair Broadcast Group, "Sinclair to Air "A POW Story"", Media Release, October 10, 2004.
• Free Press, "Report blasts Sinclair abuse of power: Cites questionable ties to stations owned by Sinclair CEO's family; decries use of public airwaves to sway presidential election", Media Release, October 11, 2004.
• Free Press, "Sinclair and the Public Airwaves: A History of Abuse", October 11, 2004.
• Paul Farhi, "Sinclair Stations to Air Anti-Kerry Documentary," Washington Post, October 11, 2004, p. A4.
• David Lieberman, "Plan to Air Divisive Film Raises Questions," USA Today, October 11, 2004.
• Katie Benner, "Anti-Kerry film sparks DNC response," CNN, October 11, 2004.
• "Sinclair Broadcasting Group," Democratic National Committee, October 11, 2004.
• Letter from Abraham H. Foxman, national director, Anti-Defamation League, to the Washington Post, October 11, 2004.
• "American Morning" (transcript), CNN, October 12, 2004.
• "The Sinclair Broadcasting Group, Explored," Daily Kos, October 12, 2004.
• "Own Shares in a Mutual Fund or Pension? You May be a Sinclair Stockholder," Media Matters, October 13, 2004.
• "Backlash Begins Against Sinclair Broadcasting," Washington Dispatch, October 13, 2004.
• "FCC Won't Prevent Airing of Anti-Kerry Flm, Chairman Says," CNN, October 14, 2004.
• Eric Boehlert, "Sinclair's Disgrace," Salon.com, October 14, 2004.
• Sinclair Broadcast Group, "Sinclair Warns of Email Spoof", Media Release, October 15, 2004.
• Jay Rosen, "Sinclair Broadcast Group: What Are They Doing in the Middle of Our Election?", PressThink, October 15, 2004.
• "Sinclair's Slander," Boston Globe, October 15, 2004.
• Leon Lazaroff, "Media Firm Accused of Dodging FCC Rules," Chicago Tribune, October 16, 2004.
• Frank Rich, "Will We Need a New 'All the President's Men'?" New York Times, October 17, 2004.
• Joshua Micah Marshall, Talking Points Memo weblog (various entries), week of October 10-16, 2004.
• Mitch Albom, "Republican or Democrat, it's just dirty pool," Detroit Free Press, October 17, 2004.
• Don Hazen, "Sinclair's Shame," AlterNet, October 18, 2004.
• David Folkenflik, "Sinclair Employee Decries Planned Program on Kerry," Baltimore Sun, October 18, 2004.
• Howard Kurtz, "Sinclair Fires Critic of Plan To Broadcast Anti-Kerry Film", Washington Post, October 19, 2004.
• "Sinclair Journo Fired For Stand," CBS News, October 19, 2004.
• Jay Rosen, "'Call it Commentary, Call it Editorial, Call it Programming, but Don't Call it News.' Sinclair Fires Jonathan Leiberman," PressThink, October 19, 2004.
• Free Press, "Sinclair backpedals under weight of public pressure: Rewrites history, alleges "Stolen Honor" was never intended for broadcast", Media Release, October 20, 2004.
• Paul Schmelzer, "The Eternal Twilight of the Sinclair Mind," AlterNet, October 20, 2004.
• David Folkenflik and Stephen Kiehl, "Journalist Finds Himself on Other Side of the News," Baltimore Sun, October 20, 2004.
• Jon Leiberman, "I stood up to Sinclair", Broadcasting & Cable, October 25, 2004.
• Frank Ahrens, "Sinclair chief denies political agenda", Washington Post, October 26, 2004.
• Free Press, "Sinclair Broadcast Group faces major challenge to licenses", Media Release, November 1, 2004.
• Free Press, "Petition to deny and for other relief", Petition to the Federal Communications commission, November 1, 2004.
• Free Press, "Free Press files broadcast license challenges against Sinclair and Media General", Media Release, November 2, 2004.
• Marjorie Heins and Adam H. Morse, "Fair Air Play: Can current remedies for media bias handle threats like Sinclair’s aborted anti-Kerry program?", Legal Times, Volume XXVI, No 45, November 15, 2004.
• David Ranii, "TV complaints called 'abuse': Sinclair Broadcast Group counters 'frivolous' protest to its license renewal", News & Observer, December 3, 2004.
• Keith O’Brien, "Boycotts: For firms facing boycotts, the right response pays off", PR Week, December 13, 2004.
• Elizabeth Jensen, "Protest Launched Against Sinclair," Los Angeles Times, December 14, 2004.
• Elizabeth Jensen, "Protest Launched Against Sinclair", Los Angeles Times, December 14, 2004.
• David Zurawik, "Sinclair editorials labeled as such: Hyman 'amused' by campaign about his commentaries," Baltimore Sun, December 15, 2004.
• Kara Kridler, "Ad industry warns anti-Sinclair campaign could be costly", Daily Record, Volume 5 Number 139, December 15, 2004. (Sub req’d)
• Erica Iacono, "Sinclair embracing publicity stemming from Media Matters attacks", PR Week, December 16, 2004.(Sub req'd)
• Paul Schmelzer, "Sinclair Broadcast: The Puppetmasters," AlterNet, February 17, 2005.
• Elizabeth Jensen, "Sinclair's Shadow: Canned news and conservative commentary. Coming soon to a station near you?", Columbia Journalism Review, May/June 2005.
• Katy Bachman, "Sinclair Scales Back News Central," Mediaweek, March 16, 2006.
• Nick Madigan, "Sinclair, fired worker settle: Suits are ended over his ouster," Baltimore Sun, December 16, 2006.
• Press release, "Sinclair Broadcast Group," December 11, 2007.
• "Sinclair contesting proposed fine by FCC," Baltimore Sun, December 12, 2007.
• Paul Bond, "Bankruptcy looms for Sinclair: Drop in advertising to blame for company's woes," Hollywood Reporter, July 13, 2009.
• Lorraine Mirabella, "Sinclair says it might consider bankruptcy: TV station owner says it might not be able to pay debts in 18 months," The Baltimore Sun (Maryland), July 14, 2009.
• Price Colman, "Cunningham One Cause Of Sinclair's Grief," TVNEWSDAY, July 14, 2009.
• Joe Flint, "Sinclair Broadcast Group faces possible bankruptcy: The broadcaster, which is controlled by David Smith and his family and operates 58 television stations, says that if it cannot restructure its heavy debt load, it will have to file for Chapter 11," Los Angeles Times, July 15, 2009.

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