Judicial Crisis Network

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The Judicial Crisis Network (JCN, formally registered with the IRS as The Concord Fund) is an advocacy organization that advances a right-wing legal agenda and uses undisclosed dark money "issue ads" to influence state and federal judicial appointments and elections. JCN also directs millions in funding to other dark money groups such as Wisconsin Club for Growth and American Future Fund that spend large amounts in state-level Supreme Court and Attorney General races, as well as other down-ticket races.[1][2]

JCN is registered with the IRS as a 501(c)(4) nonprofit. It was founded in 2004 to promote then-President George W. Bush’s judicial nominees.[2] According to a Brennan Center for Justice report, JCN is a "dark money group."[3]As of September 2018, JCN had spent more than $20 million on efforts to block former-President Obama's nominees and support President Trump's.[2] JCN does not disclose its funders. All of its reported revenue in 2012 and 2013 came from large contributions of more than $10,000, and contributions of more than $1 million providing more than 80 percent of JCN's total revenue in both years.

Founding and History

JCN was founded as the Judicial Confirmation Network in 2004 by Gary Marx, who directed outreach to conservative voters in George W. Bush's 2004 presidential campaign,[4] and Wendy Long, a former law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas.[5][6]

Other people who were influential in founding JCN included Leonard Leo, an executive vice president with the Federalist Society, and Robin Arkley II, a real estate magnate,[1], as well as Ann Corkery, a lawyer and fundraiser who was later president of the dark money funder the Wellspring Committee, which contributed to JCN, according to Open Secrets.[7] Corkery's husband, Neil Corkery, has been the treasurer of JCN since at least 2007.[8] See below for more information about the Corkerys and JCN's dark money ties.

JCN was originally housed in the office of the American Center for Law and Justice, run by Jay Sekulow, according to The Wall Street Journal, which reported in 2005:

Mr. Sekulow uses his Senate contacts to track the status of the debate and identify wavering lawmakers. While he targets them on the radio or through his regular emails, Mr. Marx follows up with state-based groups that can be important to a senator's political career.[9]

JCN played an important role in generating support for Supreme Court nominees John Roberts Jr. and Samuel Alito Jr. under President George W. Bush. The organization reportedly spent "hundreds of thousands of dollars in 2005 and January 2006 on radio and online ads, as well as on grassroots efforts, to shape public opinion" on those confirmations, according to Open Secrets.[1]

News and Controversies

Honest Elections Project Action Registered as a Fictitious Name of The Concord Fund

A fictitious name certificate filed in Virginia shows that Honest Elections Project Action is a registered as a fictitious name of The Concord Fund, the legal name of the Judicial Crisis Network.[10]

Support of Brett Kavanaugh

The Judicial Crisis Network, as of July 23, 2018, has spent $5.3 million to replace Justice Kennedy following his retirement, more than it announced it was going to.[11] $3.1 million of that has gone to TV ads, as of July 2018, targeting (money spent per state) North Dakota ($673,060), Indiana ($509,250), West Virginia ($449,380), and Alabama ($257,150). JCN has said that it is prepared to spend $10 million or more on Kavanaugh's confirmation.[12]

One of the ads is focused on pressuring Democrats from areas which tend to vote conservatively to support Kavanaugh's confirmation, claiming that those Democrats are "taking marching orders" from liberals, such as the Senate minority leader, Chuck Schumer.[13]

Following the accusation from a California professor that Kavanaugh had sexually assaulted her when they were both in high school,[14] JCN re-upped their support for the nominee. "We are not going to allow a last-minute smear campaign destroy a good and decent man who has an unblemished personal record,” the organization said in a statement.[12]

Support of Neil Gorsuch

Following a successful campaign to deny then-President Obama's nominee for the United State's Supreme Court Merrick Garland, the Judicial Crisis Network began a $10 million effort to get Neil Gorsuch confirmed. Its efforts gave it led it to be deemed "the most powerful outside group" in Gorsuch's confirmation.[15]

According to the MapLight Foundation, the money used to support Gorsuch came in part through a Wellspring Foundation donation to the Judicial Crisis Network after Wellspring received a $28.5 million donation from a single unknown donor.[16]

Efforts supporting Gorsuch included TV ads and websites. One of which consisted of a "former Obama Administration Attorney" who used that title to give Democratic Creedence to Gorsuch.[17] But, as pointed out at Above the Law the job the attorney held was not a political appointment but a career poisition. Meaning that her political ideology legally could not have been considered in her hiring and "says nothing about her political views." Another person claiming to know the attorney featured said that she is a Republican.[18]

"Seven Figure" Campaign to Obstruct Appointing Justice Scalia's Replacement

"Let the People Decide" ad highlighting Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

In February 2016 JCN launched "a seven figure television, radio and digital advertising campaign" that would support seven Republican U.S. Senators who were trying to block hearings on any candidate President Obama nominated to fill the Supreme Court seat left vacant after Justice Antonin Scalia's death. Titled "Let the People Decide," the campaign asserts that the seat should only be filled by the next President. The ads were to run in Washington, DC and the media markets covering Senators "Kelly Ayotte (NH), Chuck Grassley (IA), Ron Johnson (WI), John McCain (AZ), Mitch McConnell (KY), Rob Portman (OH), and Pat Toomey (PA)."[19] All but McConnell were up for re-election; McConnell was still serving as the Senate Majority Leader.

Opposition to President Obama and His Judicial Appointments

JCN reported spending $571,063 opposing Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election.[20] During President Barack Obama's term, JCN shifted its strategy to obstructing judicial nominations and fighting measures such as the Affordable Care Act.[1] JCN changed its name to the Judicial Crisis Network in 2010.[21]

In 2010 JCN's "significant efforts...included taking the lead in opposing the nomination of Solicitor General Elena Kagan to the Supreme Court" as well as pushing for Justice Kagan to recuse herself from litigation on the Affordable Care Act, according to a statement in the organization's tax filing.[22]

JCN Spending Targets State Supreme Courts and AG Races

JCN's political spending in recent years has targeted state-level Supreme Court and Attorney General races. Spending described below includes millions of dollars spent on "issue ads," which aim to influence elections but which skirt donor disclosure laws, and on funding other non-profits that ran issue ads. JCN has also reported to the FEC some direct spending on electioneering and has contributed significant amounts to other organizations that reported election spending.

State Supreme Court Races in 2016 Election Cycle

JCN had spent at least $300,000 in an Arkansas state Supreme Court race as of February 2016, running television ads that attacked Supreme Court Associate Justice Courtney Goodson.[23]

JCN Targets State Supreme Court and AG Races in 2014 Cycle

Total spending on tv ads in state Supreme Court races rose to $13.8 million in the 2014 election cycle, according to an estimate by the liberal Justice at Stake Campaign.[1]

JCN gave $1,000,000 to the Republican Attorneys General Association (RAGA) in the 2014 cycle, making it the third-largest contributor that year.[24] That year, the Republican Party won three additional state Attorney General races than previously, resulting in the party holding a majority of AG positions in the states.[1]

JCN also gave $750,000 to the American Future Fund between late 2012 and early 2013; the American Future Fund started an Attorney General project and also contributed $680,000 to RAGA in that period.[1]

As Open Secrets reported, just before the 2012 elections, JCN policy director Carrie Severino

wrote in National Review ... that conservative AGs are "emerging as key leaders in the battle for limited constitutional government." Many of them, she noted, had joined the challenge to Obamacare, and a number were also fighting the Dodd-Frank financial services overhaul and EPA regulations.[1]

According to The Daily Beast/Open Secrets,

The sharp rise in judicial election spending by JCN and other groups on both sides of the political aisle troubles some judicial candidates who have been targeted. “To the extent that judicial campaigns start looking like other campaigns, there’s a risk that judges will be perceived as having a political agenda,” Sam Ervin IV, a North Carolina Supreme Court justice, told The Daily Beast.[1]

Millions to Influence Michigan and Wisconsin Supreme Courts in 2012

JCN spent more than $2 million related to Michigan court races in 2012, including $1 million on television ads for a single state circuit court race, according to an estimate by the Michigan Campaign Finance Network.[1][25]

In Wisconsin, JCN gave $503,000 to Wisconsin Club for Growth (WCFG) between 2012 and 2013. WCFG has been one of the top spenders in state Supreme Court races, sometimes spending more than the candidates themselves.[26][2] It also spent $9.1 million during Wisconsin's historic 2012 recall races for Governor, Lt. Governor and State Senate, and was tied to a long-running investigation into possible illegal campaign coordination, which was ended by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2015.[27] (WCFG also received $400,000 from the Wellspring Committee in 2011.)[1]

JCN had $750,000 in attributable spending in the 2012 election cycle, according to the Center for Responsive Politics ($750,000 of contributions JCN made to another group or groups was reportable to the FEC as political spending).[28]

According to the Brennan Center, "JCN spent between $600,000 and $1 million on an ad alleging that law professor Bridget McCormack 'volunteered to free a terrorist,' to which the New York Times responded: 'She didn’t.'"[2]

2010 Election Cycle

JCN reported spending $47,245 in the 2010 election cycle.[28]

Spending against Barack Obama in 2008 Presidential Campaign

JCN reported spending $571,063 opposing Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election.[28]

Funding and Finances

Ties to the Wellspring Committee, a Dark Money Group

According to reporting by Open Secrets, "JCN’s tightest ties with any group or individual revolve around Ann and Neil Corkery."

Neil Corkery, the treasurer of JCN, has also been affiliated with Liberty Central, a Tea Party group registered by Virginia Thomas, wife of Justice Thomas.[6]

According to calculations made by Open Secrets:

In 2012, tax records show that Neil Corkery was not only treasurer of JCN, president of its allied Judicial Education Project, and executive director of a charity called the Sudan Relief Fund, all of which paid him salaries; but he also drew paychecks from at least four other organizations: the anti-gay union National Organization for Marriage, ActRight Action, the Catholic Association Foundation, and Catholic Voices. His total earnings were almost $450,000, and his weekly workload was 105 hours in the first half of the year, the groups’ IRS filings show, before dropping back to a mere 80.[1]

Ann Corkery, who is married to Neil, was influential in forming JCN and has played a key role in its funding and spending. She is the President of the Wellspring Committee, an organization that Open Secrets characterizes as a "dark money machine"[1] which is "little more than [a] UPS mailbox" that cloaks donors' identities by serving as a conduit for contributions to other politically active nonprofits.[7]

In 2016, "Wellspring received 90 percent of its revenue, nearly $28.5 million, from a single anonymous donor"[2] and then in proceed to give a grant to the Judicial Crisis Network which amounted to 84 percent of its over 25 million dollars total revenue that year.[29]

In 2011, Ann Corkery replaced two of Wellspring's board members with her own daughter and a JCN board member's son. In 2012 and 2013, JCN received nearly $3 million from Wellspring.[1]

Ties to the Koch Brothers

Ann Corkery and Robin Arkley reportedly "went to some of the early fundraising and policy retreats held by the Kochs," and by 2008 Corkery had been put in charge of the Wellspring Committee, "a dark money conduit that began pumping funds to other dark money Koch-backed groups like Americans for Prosperity."[1]

According to Open Secrets, "Corkery’s most direct Koch ties frayed after the ’08 elections and Arkley’s wallet took a hit in the financial crisis," and since then she has reportedly drawn large contributions from other wealthy members of the Koch donor network, including Paul E. Singer and John Templeton, Jr..[1]

Koch Wiki

Charles Koch is the right-wing billionaire owner of Koch Industries. As one of the richest people in the world, he is a key funder of the right-wing infrastructure, including the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and the State Policy Network (SPN). In SourceWatch, key articles on Charles Koch and his late brother David include: Koch Brothers, Americans for Prosperity, Stand Together Chamber of Commerce, Stand Together, Koch Family Foundations, Koch Universities, and I360.

Ties to the Council for National Policy

As of September 2020, JCN president Carrie Severino is board of governors member of the Council for National Policy.

Council for National Policy

The Council for National Policy (CNP) is a secretive, Christian Right organization of funders and activists founded in 1981 by activist Morton Blackwell, commentator Paul Weyrich, direct-mail pioneer Richard Viguerie, right-wing activist Phyllis Schlafly and Left Behind author Tim LaHaye. Anne Nelson's book about CNP, Shadow Network: Media, Money, and the Secret Hub of the Radical Right, describes how the organization connects "the manpower and media of the Christian right with the finances of Western plutocrats and the strategy of right-wing Republican political operatives.”

CNP membership as of September 2020 is available here.

Funding

JCN does not disclose its donors, but appears to receive all or nearly all of its revenues from a small number of large contributions. Open Secrets has noted that JCN's financial growth is largely the result of Ann Corkery's fundraising and connections. In the group's early years, "Robin Arkley, the president and CEO of Security National Corp. who had tapped Corkery to be his political liaison and senior advisor, became a key underwriter of JCN’s operations, to the tune of the high six or low seven figures," according to sources who spoke to The Daily Beast/Open Secrets.[1]

Some of JCN's funding sources can be identified through other organizations' IRS tax filings:

Grants Distributed

All grants below are listed in The Concord Fund/Judicial Crisis Network's IRS filings by year:

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

  • American Dream Initiative: $250,000
  • American Future Fund: $1,350,000
  • Arizona Public Integrity Alliance: $410,000
  • Illinois Opportunity Project: $250,000
  • Illinois Policy Network: $250,000
  • Missouri Forward Alliance: $50,000
  • Republican Attorneys General Association: $250,000
  • Rule of Law Project: $100,000
    • In 2014, an organization registered as the Rule of Law Project in Wisconsin made an ad buy of at least $180,000 supporting then-candidate for Wisconsin Attorney General Brad Schimel. Its listed treasurer was an attorney with the law firm of Boyden Gray and Associates, whose chief counsel is former White House counsel to George H.W. Bush C. Boyden Gray, who was also a founder and is currently a board member of the Federalist Society.[30]
  • State Government Leadership: $100,000
  • Strong Economy Growth Fund: $35,000
  • True the Vote: $125,000

2012

  • American Future Fund: $750,000
  • Better Courts Missouri: $170,000
  • Civitas Action: $75,000
  • Conservative Leadership Project: $100,000
  • Kansas Legislative Ed & Res: $5,000
  • Main Street Growth Project: $300,000
  • Michigan State Republican Party: $500,000
  • Republican State Leadership Committee: $225,000
  • State Government Leadership Foundation: $281,000
  • TN for Economic Opportunity: $70,000
  • Wisconsin Club for Growth: $503,000

2011

  • Better Courts Missouri: $215,000
  • Family Action of Tennessee: $24,000

Core Financials

2022:[31]

  • Total revenue: $52,773,080
  • Total expenses: $54,671,747
  • Net assets: $734,760

2021:[32]

  • Total revenue: $29,351,842
  • Total expenses: $28,528,371
  • Net assets: $2,633,427

2020:[33]

  • Total revenue: $48,134,887
  • Total expenses: $51,141,379
  • Net assets: $1,809,956

2019:[34]

  • Total revenue: $20,425,895
  • Total expenses: $16,788,276
  • Net assets: $4,816,448

2018:[34]

  • Total revenue: $20,425,895
  • Total expenses: $16,788,276
  • Net assets: $4,816,448

2018:[35]

  • Total revenue: $29,570,930
  • Total expenses: $33,658,619
  • Net assets: $1,178,829

2017:[36]

  • Total revenue: $22,045,341
  • Total expenses: $16,802,593
  • Net assets: $5,265,518

2016:[37]

  • Total revenue: $25,614,292
  • Total expenses: $25,696,352
  • Net assets: $23,770

2015:[37]

  • Total revenue: $18,545,000
  • Total expenses: $18,478,456
  • Net assets: $105,830

2014:[38]

  • Total revenue: $5,700,000
  • Total expenses: $5,670,841
  • Net assets: $39,286

2013:[39]

  • Total revenue: $5,775,000
    • All of JCN's revenue for 2012 came as large contributions of more than $10,000, including a single contribution of $4,740,000.[39]
  • Total expenditures: $5,805,624
    • Radio and tv ads: $1,555,840
    • Other media: $806, 362
    • Grants to other organizations: $3,170,000
  • Net assets: $10,127

2012:[40]

  • Total revenue: $4,990,000
    • All of JCN's revenue for 2012 came as large contributions of $50,000 or more, and just three contributions provided $4,165,000 of its revenue for the year.[40]
  • Total expenditures: $5,486,556
    • Media, including radio and tv ads: $2,021,272
    • Grants to other organizations: $2,979,000
    • Lobbying: $378,340
  • Net assets: $40,752

2011:[41]

  • Total revenue: $800,000
  • Total expenditures: $490,848
  • Net assets: $537,308

2010:[42]

2009:[42]

  • Total revenue: $410,350
  • Total expenditures: $867,633
  • Net assets: $294,522

Personnel

Staff

As of June 2024:[31]

  • Carrie Severino, Counsel
  • Ann Corkery, Counsel
  • Frank J Scaturro, Counsel

Board of Directors

As of June 2024:[31]

  • Gary Marx, Secretary, Treasurer and Director

Former Directors"

  • Daniel Casey, President and Director

Contact Information

The Judicial Crisis Network
722 12th St. NW
Fourth Floor
Washington, D.C. 20005
Website: www.judicialnetwork.com
Email: info@judicialnetwork.com
Twitter: @JudicialNetwork
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/JudicialNetwork

Articles and Resources

IRS Form 990 Filings

2022

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

Articles

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 Viveca Novak and Peter Stone, "The JCN Story: Building a Secretive GOP Judicial Machine," Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets, March 23, 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Laila Robbins Conservative Group Behind Kavanaugh Confirmation Has Spent Years Reshaping State and Federal Benches Brennan Center for Justice, Sept 12. 2018
  3. ↑ Alicia Bannon, Cathleen Lisk, Peter Hardin, Douglas Keith, Laila Robbins, Eric Velasco, Denise Roth Barber, and Linda Casey [https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/publications/Politics_of_Judicial_Elections_Final.pdf Who Pays for Judicial Races?] The Brennan Center for Justice, 2016
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Madison Strategies, LLC, "Team," organization website, accessed March 2016.
  5. ↑ Miranda Blue, "Meet the Group Trying To Stop President Obama From Filling Vacancies on Federal Courts," Right Wing Watch, October 29, 2013.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pam Martens, "Koch Entertained Justice Thomas At His Private Club," CounterPunch, October 3, 2011.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Viveca Novak, Robert Maguire, and Peter Overby, "Wellspring’s Flow: Dark Money Outfit Helped Fuel Groups on Political Front Lines," Center for Responsive Politics, Open Secrets blog, November 5, 2013.
  8. ↑ Judicial Confirmation Network, 2007 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, September 15, 2008.
  9. ↑ Jeanne Cummings, "In Judge Battle, Mr. Sekulow Plays A Delicate Role," The Wall Street Journal May 17, 2005.
  10. ↑ Commonwealth of Virginia, Fictitious Name Certificate, Commonwealth of Virginia, November 13, 2020.
  11. ↑ Julie Bykowicz Outside Groups Plan Costly Campaigns for—or Against—Supreme Court Nominee Brett Kavanaugh The Wall Street Journal July 9, 2018
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Michelle Ye Hee Lee Groups launch ad campaigns in wake of Kavanaugh allegations The Washington Post' Sept. 17 2018
  13. ↑ Jonathan Swan, Laura Mier Inside the Seven Figure Campaign for Brett Kavanaugh Axios, July 23 2018
  14. ↑ Emma Brown California professor, writer of confidential Brett Kavanaugh letter, speaks out about her allegation of sexual assault The Washington Post, Sept. 16 2018
  15. ↑ Jonathan Swan and Lauren Meier [Inside the 7-figure campaign for Brett Kavanaugh https://www.axios.com/judicial-crisis-network-ad-campaign-brett-kavanaugh-947a4eb9-97a1-4ce8-9dca-bc9747b61ae0.html?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=twsocialshare&utm_campaign=organic] Axios, July 23, 2018
  16. ↑ Andrew Perez and Margaret Sessa-Hawkins Tax Returns Identify Dark Money Organization As Source of GOP Supreme Court Attacks MapLight Foundation, Nov. 21 2017
  17. ↑ David Lat [A Closer Look At Justice Neil Gorsuch’s Current Clerks https://abovethelaw.com/2017/04/a-closer-look-at-justice-neil-gorsuchs-current-clerks/] Above the Law, April 25, 2017
  18. ↑ David Lat Liberals And Gays For Gorsuch? (Or, The Virtues Of Non-Ideological Clerk Hiring) Above the Law, Feb 15, 2017
  19. ↑ Judicial Crisis Network, "JCN Launches 'Let the People Decide' Campaign," press release, February 18, 2016.
  20. ↑ Center for Responsive Politics, "Judicial Confirmation Network, 2008," outside spending profile, Open Secrets database, accessed March 2016.
  21. ↑ Tony Mauro, "Conservative Judicial Group Moves Into Crisis Mode," Legal Times, February 12, 2010. archived by Judicial Crisis Network.
  22. ↑ Judicial Crisis Network, 2010 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, April 23, 2012.
  23. ↑ Max Brantley, "Kemp calls for transparency in judicial race spending," Arkansas Times, February 10, 2016.
  24. ↑ Center for Responsive Politics, Republican Attorneys General Association, 2014, recipient profile, Open Secrets database, accessed March 2016.
  25. ↑ Michigan Campaign Finance Network, "Descending into Dark Money," research report, June 2013.
  26. ↑ Brendan Fischer, "Supreme Court Challenge to WI Dark Money Probe Raises Questions of Judicial Ethics," Center for Media and Democracy, PR Watch, February 19, 2014.
  27. ↑ Brendan Fischer, "Five Things to Know About the Scott Walker John Doe Ruling," Center for Media and Democracy, PR Watch, July 16, 2015.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Center for Responsive Politics, "Judicial Crisis Network/Judicial Confirmation Network, 2004-2016," outside spending profile, Open Secrets database, accessed March 2016.
  29. ↑ Robert Maguire Group that spent millions to boost Gorsuch also paid mysterious inaugural donor Center for Responsive Politics- Open Secrets, May 16 2018
  30. ↑ Mary Bottari, "Dirty Energy Barons Go to Bat for WI AG Candidate Schimel," Center for Media and Democracy, PR Watch, October 31, 2014.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 The Concord Fund, 2022 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, 2024.
  32. ↑ The Concord Fund, 2021 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, 2023.
  33. ↑ The Concord Fund, 2020 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, 2022.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 The Concord Fund, 2019 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, April 1, 2021.
  35. ↑ Judicial Crisis Network, 2018 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, July 14, 2020.
  36. ↑ Judicial Crisis Network, 2017 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, May 15, 2019.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Judicial Crisis Network, 2016 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, accessed July 2018
  38. ↑ Judicial Crisis Network, 2014 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, accessed July 2018
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Judicial Crisis Network, 2013 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, May 15, 2015.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Judicial Crisis Network, 2012 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, May 14, 2014.
  41. ↑ Judicial Crisis Network, 2011 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, April 23, 2013.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Judicial Crisis Network, 2010 IRS Form 990, organizational tax filing, April 23, 2012.
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