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In 2002, University of California Berkeley professor Dr. [[Tyrone Hayes ]] published the results of several studies on atrazine in the environment and its effect on amphibians. One of the studies, titled "Atrazine-Induced Hermaphroditism at 0.1 ppb in American Leopard Frogs (Rana pipiens): Laboratory and Field Evidence," alleged that atrazine had contaminated waterways and was causing hermaphroditism in frogs. <ref>Tyrone Hayes, Kelly Haston, Mable Tsui, Anhthu Hoang, Cathryn Haeffele, and Aaron Vonk [http://ehp03.niehs.nih.gov/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info%3Adoi%2F10.1289%2Fehp.5932 Atrazine-Induced Hermaphroditism at 0.1 PPB in American Frogs (Rana pipiens): Laboratory and Field Evidence], research study, Environmental Health Perspectives, October 23, 2002</ref> A second article, titled [http://www.pnas.org/content/99/8/5476.abstract Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses], concluded that atrazine in the environment could be affecting the sexual development of male frogs. Hayes and his research team hypothesized that atrazine in the environment was causing the frogs' testosterone to convert to estrogen. Dr. Hayes' credibility as a researcher subsequently came under attack, and Dr. Hayes linked these attacks to the manufacturer of atrazine, [[Syngenta]].<ref>Goldie Blumenstyk [http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/2003/Syngenta-Tyrone-Hayes31oct03.htm The Story of Syngenta & Tyrone Hayes at UC Berkeley: The Price of Research -- A Berkeley Scientist Says a Corporate Sponsor Tried to Bury his Unwelcome Findings and Then Buy His Silence], ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'', October 31, 2003</ref>