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'''===Ciba-Geigy'''===
'''===Sandoz'''===
'''===After the merger'''===
'''===2007''' ===
SW: start tidy
==Company History==
"Novartis was founded in 1996 with the merger of Ciba-Geigy Ltd. and Sandoz Ltd, both Swiss companies with a long history of pharmaceutical experience. Ciba-Geigy was formed in 1970 by the merger of J. R. Geigy Ltd (founded in Basel in 1758) and Ciba (founded in Basel in 1859). Combining the histories of all mering partners involved, the company's effective history spans over 250 years.{{fact}}
Johann Rudolf Geigy-Gemuseus (1733–1793) began trading in 1758 in materials, chemicals, dyes and drugs of all kinds"[cite this quote] in Basel, Switzerland. Johann Rudolf Geigy-Merian (1830–1917) and Johann Muller-Pack acquired a site in Basel in 1857, where they built a dyewood mill and a dye extraction plant. Two years later, they began the production of synthetic fuchsine. In 1901, they formed the public limited company Geigy and the name of the company was changed to J. R. Geigy Ltd in 1914.
Ciba and Geigy merged in 1971 to form Ciba‑Geigy Ltd., and this company merged with Sandoz in 1996 to form Novartis.
Founded in 1886 by Dr. Alfred Kern (1850–1893) and Edouard Sandoz (1853–1928). The first dyes manufactured there were alizarine blue and auramine. After Kern's death, the partnership became the corporation Chemische Fabrik vormals Sandoz in 1895. The company began producing the fever-reducing drug antipyrin in the same year. Further pharmaceutical research began in 1917 under Professor Arthur Stoll (1887–1971). In 1899, the company began producing the sugar substitute saccharin.
In 1995, Sandoz spun off its speciality chemicals business to form Clariant. Subsequently, in 1997, Clariant merged with the speciality chemicals business that was spun off from Hoechst AG in Germany.
After the merger, Novartis reorganized its activities, and spun out its chemicals activities as Ciba Specialty Chemicals (now a part of BASF).
(In USD millions, unless indicated otherwise)
Total Group net sales: 39 800
