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'''[http://www.prwatch.org/fakenews/execsummary "Fake TV News: Widespread and Undisclosed]''' " is the title of a report released on April 6, 2006, by the [[Center for Media and Democracy]]. This The multi-media report is tracked television stations' use of selected VNRs over 10 months. The report summary states: "CMD identified 77 television stations, from those in the largest to the result smallest markets, that aired these VNRs or related satellite media tours (SMTs) in 98 separate instances, without disclosure to viewers. Collectively, these 77 stations reach more than half of an intensive tenthe U.S. population. ... In almost all cases, stations failed to balance the clients' messages with independently-month investigation by CMD's senior researcher Diane Farsetta and gathered footage or basic journalistic research consultant Daniel Price. It documents for More than one-third of the first time how commercial propaganda , stations aired the pre-- fake TV news created by PR experts -- is being extensively broadcast as TV "newspackaged VNR in its entirety."[http://www.prwatch.org/fakenews/execsummary]
The Center for Media and Democracy and On November 14, 2006, CMD issued a follow-up report, "Still Not the media reform group Free Press simultaneously filed a formal complaint with News: Stations Overwhelmingly Fail to Disclose VNRs." Although the [[Federal Communications Commission]] requesting a crackresearch period for this report was shorter -- only six months -down on TV news fraud and calling for mandatory on-screen labeling dozens more undisclosed VNR broadcasts were documented. The report summary states: "Of the 54 total VNR broadcasts described in this report, 48 provided no disclosure of all phony news stories so that TV viewers know what is real reportingthe nature or source of the sponsored video. In the six other cases, disclosure was fleeting and what is fake TV newsoften ambiguous." [http://www.prwatch.org/fakenews2/execsummary]
==External links== ===Government reports into Reports on Williams /Ketchum contractsPR Contracts===
SW: add CJR, update report section
The term '''fake news''' has become synonymous with government and corporate sponsored pre-packaged news provided as [[video news releases]] (VNRs) and [[audio news releases]] (ANRs) to news outlets.
==April 2006 Report CMD Reports on Fake News==
Along with the release of each report, CMD and the media reform group [[Free Press]] filed a formal complaint with the [[Federal Communications Commission]] requesting enforcement of the Commission's sponsorship identification requirements with regard to VNRs. In August 2006, the FCC sent letters of inquiry to the owners of the 77 television stations named in CMD's first report. [http://www.prwatch.org/node/5084] [http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-267048A1.pdf] (PDF) ==History of the the term Term "Fake News"==
A search of the [[Nexis]] media database indicates that the term was initially used more broadly. In May 1989 ''[[Adweek]]'' writer Barbara Lippert panned ads in which former newsreader Linda Ellerbee appeared in "in a fake news setting" hustling Maxwell House coffee. In August that year ''Ad Day's'' Ed Buxton criticised the use of "the fake news bite" where reporters re-enacted news events as part of a news story.
"A properly functioning [[democracy]] depends on a [[news media]] that is free of any [[conflicts-of-interest]], especially with the government that it is supposed to be holding [[accountability|accountable]]." [http://www.boston.com/ae/media/articles/2005/06/30/us_house_toughens_law_on_publicity_propaganda/]
==Other SourceWatch resourcesResources==
*[[Audio news releases]]
*[[B-Roll]]
*[[Video news releases]]
==Center for Media and Democracy campaign page on Fake NewsExternal Links==*[http://www.prwatch.org/nofakenews No Fake News!]
*Anthony H. Gamboa (General Counsel), "[http://lautenberg.senate.gov/assets/GAO%20reports/armstrong_williams.pdf Letter to Frank R. Lautenberg and Edward M. Kennedy Subject: Department o Education—Contract to Obtain Services of Armstrong Williams]", Government Accounting Office, September 30, 2005.
*Anthony H. Gamboa (General Counsel), "[http://lautenberg.senate.gov/assets/GAO%20reports/fakenews.pdf Subject: Department o Education—No Child Left Behind Act Video News Release and Media Analysis]", Government Accounting Office, September 30, 2005.
*Gary L. Kepplinger, "[http://lautenberg.senate.gov/assets/GAO%20reports/dept_edu.pdf Letter to Mr. Kent Talbert, Deputy General Counsel Department of Education Subject: Department o Education—No Child Left Behind Newspaper Article]", Government Accounting Office, September 30, 2005.
===General articlesArticles===
*Barbara Lippert, "General Foods Maxwell House Coffee: For Maxwell House, Ellerbee Doesn't Quite Perk", ''Adweek'', May 22, 1989.
* Ed Buxton, "Ad Simulations Require Honesty to Reach Audiences", ''Ad Day'', August 22, 1989
*Jeffrey Gettleman, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/nyregion/25newark.html To Publicize Its Good News, Newark Makes Deal With a Newspaper]", ''New York Times'', October 25, 2005.
*"[http://www.holmesreport.com/holmestemp/story.cfm?edit_id=5893&typeid=2 Time for PR People to Come to the Defense of Media Freedom]", ''Holmes Report'', June 9, 2006.
*Trudy Lieberman, "[http://www.cjr.org/issues/2007/2/Lieberman.asp The Epidemic]," ''Columbia Journalism Review'', March / April 2007.
[[Category:Fake News]]
