Arc of instability/External Links

The following are external links related to the main article arc of instability.

Websites

• "Neighbourhood Policy," Center for European Reform.

General Info

• Military Facilities in the African Union.
• US Military Involvement in Africa by Country, Association of Concerned Africa Scholars.
• U.S. Military Programs in sub-Saharan Africa, 2001-2003, Association of Concerned Africa Scholars.
• U.S. Military Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2005-2007, Association of Concerned Africa Scholars.

Related Trade Agreements

General

• List of Free Trade Agreements in the Wikipedia.

Asia

• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) with 21 members, established in 1989.
• ASEAN Initiative: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam, October 2002.
• U.S.–Korea Free Trade Agreement
• U.S.–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (US-SGFTA)

Caribbean

• Caribbean Basin Initiative. U.S.-Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act of 2000.

Middle East

According to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, the following is the status of the Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA) trade agreements as of March 2, 2006:

• U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement (in force since 1985)
• U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (in force since 1990)
• U.S.-Morocco Free Trade Agreement (US-MFTA) (in force since 2005) [1]
• U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement (signed September 14, 2004, and implemented July 27, 2006) [2]
• U.S.-Oman Free Trade Agreement (negotiations concluded September 2005)
• U.S.-United Arab Emeriates (UAE) Free Trade Agreement (launched negotiations March 2005)

Articles & Commentary

1979

• "Searching for the Right Response," TIME Magazine, March 12, 1979.

1980

• "Selling the Carter Doctrine," TIME Magazine, February 18, 1980.
• William Augustine Nurthen, "Soviet Strategy in the Red Sea Basin," Thesis (abstract), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, March 1980.

1996

• General Klaus Naumann, Chairman of the North Atlantic Military Committee, "From cooperation to interoperability," NATO Review, July 1996.

2000

• "Putin Warns G-8 of 'Terrorist Arc', Afghanistan," People's Daily (China), July 23, 2000.
• Admiral Guido Venturoni, "The challenges facing Europe and NATO and Partnership for Peace member countries," Janes Defence Weekly (NATO), August 23, 2000 (Updated October 6, 2000).

2001

• Unclassified U.S. European Command Mission (slide show).
• "Silencing Central Asia: The Voice of the Dissidents," U.S. Department of State; Michael E. Parmly, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, Testimony Before the House Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights, and Subcommittee on Middle East and South Asia, Committee on International Relations, July 18, 2001.
• Thomas Donnelly, Deputy Executive Director, Memorandum: "NATO Enlargement," Project for the New American Century, November 9, 2001.

2002

• The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, 2002.
• Armen Khanbabyan, "Georgia Is Only the Beginning. The American Presence in the Transcaucasus will Quickly Expand," CounterPunch, March 18, 2002.
• "Russia and OSCE: Enhancing Security Cooperation to Russia's South," Alexander Vershbow, U.S. Ambassador to the Russian Federation, and Stephan Minikes, U.S. Ambassador to the OSCE, Kommersant, April 3, 2002.
• Jolyon Ford, "Australia’s aid to Africa," Australian Review of Public Affairs, October 16, 2002.
• Editorial: "In the Shadow of War: Iraq, Israel and Palestine," Middle East Report, Winter 2002.
• Ninan Koshy, "NATO's transformation and Asia," Asia Times, December 13, 2002.

2003

• R. James Ferguson, Lecture Notes: "An Arc of Instability? - Security Dilemmas in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Chechnya," The Department of International Relations, SHSS, Bond University, Queensland, Australia, 2003.
• Kim C. Beazley, "Arc of instability," National Observer (FindArticles.com), January 2003.
• Stephen Blank, "The (US) case for NATO," Asia Times, February 24, 2003.
• Stephen Blank, "Scramble for Central Asian bases," Asia Times, April 9, 2003.
• B. Raman, "NATO's shadow over South Asia," Asia Times, April 23, 2003.
• Christopher Preble, "Time up for US troops in Saudi Arabia," Asia Times, April 26, 2003.
• Charles Recknagel, "Farewell to US arms in Saudi Arabia," Asia Times, May 2, 2003.
• Mark Berniker, "NATO's eastward push into Eurasia," Asia Times, May 10, 2003.
• Jim Lobe, "China hawk settles in neo-cons' nest," Asia Times, May 13, 2003. re Aaron Friedberg
• Alan Boyd, "US politicking in Asia to rein in China," Asia Times, May 15, 2003.
• Marco Garrido, "America's military 'imperial perimeter'," Asia Times, May 17, 2003.
• Ralph A. Cossa, "US military in East Asia: Winds of change," Asia Times, June 4, 2003.
• David Isenberg, "The ever-growing US military footprint," Asia Times, June 10, 2003.
• Phar Kim Beng, "The Pentagon's paradigm shift in Asia," Asia Times, June 10, 2003.
• Christopher Walker, "Facing the Balkan Challenge," Transitions Online (Freedom House), June 19, 2003.
• Vance Serchuk and Thomas Donnelly, "Toward a Global Cavalry. Overseas Rebasing and Defense Transformation," American Enterprise Institute, June 20, 2003.
• Jim Lobe, "Pentagon steps closer to 'GloboCop' role," Inter Press Service (Asia Times), June 24, 2003; "Pentagon Moving Swiftly to Become 'GloboCop'," CounterCurrents.org, June 17, 2003.
• Angana Chatterji, "Orwellian Fantasy," Dissident Voice, July 17, 2003.
• Kurt M. Campbell and Celeste Johnson Ward, "New Battle Stations?" Foreign Affairs, September/October 2003.
• Mark Mazzetti, "Pax Americana. Dispatched to distant outposts, U.S. forces confront the perils of an unruly world," U.S. News & World Report, September 28, 2003.
• David Rennie, "America's growing network of bases," Telegraph (UK), October 9, 2003.
• Rod Lyon and William T. Tow, "The Future of the Australian-U.S. Security Relationship," Strategic Studies Institute, December 2003 (50-page pdf).

2004

• Maurizio Martellini and Riccardo Redaelli, "Towards a New Security Order in the Middle East and Towards a Strategic Role of Iran," Institute for Political and International Studies (IPIS), Tehran, Iran, January 13, 2004.
• Chalmers Johnson, "America's Empire of Bases," TomDispatch.com (Common Dreams), January 15, 2004.
• Hon. Mircea Dan Geoana, "Romania's Black Sea Agenda -- and America's Interest," In the National Interest, February 11, 2004.
• Jim Garamone, "Change Only Constant in European Command, General Says," American Forces Press Service, March 30, 2004.
• Tom Engelhardt, "Twenty-first century gunboat diplomacy," TomDispatch.com, March 30, 2004.
• "No War Between People - No Peace Between Classes!" IWA-AIT.org, May 2004.
• Diana Ananyan, "The South Caucasus: On the Eve of the Istanbul Summit," Spectrum/Center for Strategic Analysis, June 23, 2004.
• Tom Engelhardt, "The way we were. In the Driver's Seat," TomDispatch.com, July 6, 2004.
• Michael Mainville, "U.S. Bases Overseas Show New Strategy," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (PA) (GlobalSecurity.org), July 26, 2004.
• Eli Clifton, "U.S. Military to Extend Reach Into 'Arc of Instability'," Inter Press Service, August 17, 2004.
• Matthew Yeomans, "Oil, guns and money. What's really behind the recent redeployment of U.S. military forces? Making sure no one messes with American access to global energy resources. An excerpt from 'Oil: Anatomy of an Industry'," Salon, September 2, 2004.
• John de Boer, "US Troop Realignment and Japan," Japanese Institute of Global Communications, September 30, 2004.
• Michael T. Klare, > "Oil Wars. Transforming the American Military into a Global Oil-Protection Service," TomDispatch.com, October 7, 2004. Intro by Tom Engelhardt.
• Donna Miles, "Jones Outlines NATO, EUCOM Transformations," American Forces Press Service, November 23, 2004.
• Michael T. Klare, "The Carter Doctrine Goes Global," The Progressive (ThirdWorldTraveler.com), December 2004.
• "The Bases of Resistance," NewInternationalist, December 2004. Note: the nobases.net website is no longer active.
• Marjorie Cohn, "Chickens Come Home to Roost," truthout, December 7, 2004.

2005

• John A. Nagl, "The preface to Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife. Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam," University of Chicago Press, 2005.
• Seymour M. Hersh, "The Coming Wars. What the Pentagon can now do in secret," The New Yorker, January 24, 2005.
• Patrick C. Doherty, "Retire The Carter Doctine," TomPaine.com, January 28, 2005.
• Tom Engelhardt, "Connecting the Dots," The Nation, February 10, 2005 (February 28, 2005 issue).
• Raffi Khatchadourian, "War in the Greatest Desert. The U.S. Military's $500 Million Gamble to Prevent the Next Afghanistan": Part One: "Hunting Ammari Saifi" and Part Two: "Arming the 'Camel Corps'," The Village Voice, Spring 2005.
• "The Failed States Index," Foreign Policy and the Fund for Peace, July/August 2005.
• Michael T. Klare, "Iraq's Missing Sea of Oil," TomDispatch.com, September 20, 2005.
• Sheila Carapico and Chris Toensing, "The Strategic Logic of the Iraq Blunder," Middle East Report, October 2005 (?).
• "Washington's Long War and its Strategy in the Horn of Africa," PINR, November 9, 2005.
• Michael A. Weinstein, "A long US march in Africa," Asia Times, November 11, 2005.
• "Forum for the Future Ends in Discord," PINR, November 28, 2005.

2006

• Karen Kwiatkowski, "George W. Bush – The New Carter," LewRockwell.com, February 3, 2006.
• Daniel Volman, "U.S. Military Programs in Sub-Saharan Aftica, 2005-2007," AllAfrica.com, March 1, 2006.
• Tom Engelhardt, "Can You Say 'Permanent Bases'?" The Nation, March 9, 2006. re Permanent U.S. bases in Iraq
• "Japan to Pay $6 Billion to Move US Marines to Guam," Japan Focus, April 25, 2006.
• Marc Schulman, "The Iranian Threat," American Future, April 27, 2006.
• John Bellamy Foster, "A Warning to Africa: The New U.S. Imperial Grand Strategy," Monthly Review, June 2006.
• Michael T. Klare, "An Imperial Defeatist -- And Proud of It," TomDispatch.com (GlobalPolicy.org), July 20, 2006.
• Graeme Dobell, "The Pacific 'arc of instability'," ABC News (Australia), August 20, 2006.
• Michael T. Klare, "Taking Oil Out Of The Equation," TomPaine.com, September 21, 2006.
• Tom Engelhardt, "George Bush's War of the Words," LewRockwell.com, October 11, 2006.
• Ethan Zuckerman, "Two hours of Tom Barnett in twenty - thirty? - minutes," my heart's in accra Blog, October 20, 2006.
• Jon Fraenkel, "Pacific democracy: dilemmas of intervention," openDemocracy, November 28, 2006.
• Sol W. Sanders, "A SENSE OF ASIA: A closer look at the Mideast 'realists' and their track record," WorldTribune.com (Committee on the Present Danger), December 1, 2006.
• Charles Grant, "Europe must do more to embrace its neighbours," The Financial Times (Center for European Reform), December 12, 2006.
• Tom Engelhardt and Michael Schwartz, "War Without End," TomDispatch.com (Antiwar.com), December 14, 2006.

2007

• Letitia Lawson, "U.S. Africa Policy Since the Cold War," Center for Contemporary Conflict/Strategic Insights, Volume VI, Issue 1 (January 2007).
• Michael T. Klare, "The Global Energy Race and Its Consequences (Part 1)," TomDispatch.com (ZMag.com), January 14, 2007.
• Tom Engelhardt, "Crusading in the Arc of Instability. George Bush's Crusading Scorecard (2001-2007). The Look of a War against Islam," TomDispatch, January 18, 2007.
• Michael Schmidt, "The new American imperialism in Africa," anarkismo.net, January 22, 2007.
• Arthur Silber, "Dominion Over the World (V): A Global Empire of Bases," Once Upon a Time... Blogspot, January 24, 2007.
• Bahtiyor Rashidov, "China ought to be feared because of its weakness, not strength," Ferghana.ru (Information Agency), January 31, 2007.
• Sohbet Karbuz, "US military oil pains," Energy Bulletin, February 17, 2007.
• Daniel Wallis, "Oil profits boost east Africa exploration," Reuters (UK), February 22, 2007.
• M K Bhadrakumar, "Just why did Cheney meet Musharraf?" Rediff.com (India), March 2, 2007.
• Tom Engelhardt, "Six Crises in Search of an Author," TomDispatch.com (truthout), April 9, 2007; also posted as "Bush's Arc of Instability" at TomPaine.com, April 10, 2007.
• Brochure: ROMAERO, Bucharest, Romania and Black Sea Defense & Aerospace (BSDA) Exhibition and Conference, BuyUSA.gov/Romania, April 24-27, 2007.