Difference between revisions of "Nicotine manipulation"
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| − | '''Nicotine manipulation''' refers to the ways in which nicotine, or the delivery of nicotine to the smoker, are altered. Nicotine is manipulated through various means, including genetic alteration of tobacco plants, adjustment of smoke pH (for example using [[Freebase nicotine|freebasing]]), manipulation of sugars in tobacco or the use of additives to enhance nicotine's effects.<ref>David Tannenbaum [http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/mm1998/98july-aug/smoke3-side2.html Smoking Guns II: Nicotine Manipulation] Multinational Monitor, July/August, 1998; Volume 19, Number 7 & 8</ref><ref>P. Lipiello, R.J. Reynolds [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/udx93d00 RDM89 267. Enhancement of Nicotine Binding to Nicotinic Receptors by Nicotine Levulinate and Levulinic Acid] Scientific report. 27 pp. September 25, 1989. Bates No. 508295794/5820</ref> Goals of nicotine manipulation include enhancement of the physical motivation for smoking, bolstering the long-term use of cigarettes, prevention of smoking cessation and improvement, and maintenance of "satisfaction of the consumer."<ref>Doug Campbell [ http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fkh91b00 Documents discuss nicotine levels and marketing to teens] Newspaper article. Greensboro ''News and Record''; June 28, 1998. Lorillard Bates No. 86591895/1904 at pages 3 and 4</ref> | + | '''Nicotine manipulation''' refers to the ways in which nicotine, or the delivery of nicotine to the smoker, are altered. Nicotine is manipulated through various means, including genetic alteration of tobacco plants, adjustment of smoke pH (for example using [[Freebase nicotine|freebasing]]), manipulation of sugars in tobacco or the use of additives to enhance nicotine's effects.<ref>David Tannenbaum [http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/mm1998/98july-aug/smoke3-side2.html Smoking Guns II: Nicotine Manipulation] Multinational Monitor, July/August, 1998; Volume 19, Number 7 & 8</ref><ref>P. Lipiello, R.J. Reynolds [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/udx93d00 RDM89 267. Enhancement of Nicotine Binding to Nicotinic Receptors by Nicotine Levulinate and Levulinic Acid] Scientific report. 27 pp. September 25, 1989. Bates No. 508295794/5820</ref> Goals of nicotine manipulation include enhancement of the physical motivation for smoking, bolstering the long-term use of cigarettes (addiction maintenance), prevention of smoking cessation and improvement, and maintenance of "satisfaction of the consumer."<ref>Doug Campbell [ http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fkh91b00 Documents discuss nicotine levels and marketing to teens] Newspaper article. Greensboro ''News and Record''; June 28, 1998. Lorillard Bates No. 86591895/1904 at pages 3 and 4</ref> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:16, 4 February 2009
{{#badges:Tobaccowiki}} Nicotine manipulation refers to the ways in which nicotine, or the delivery of nicotine to the smoker, are altered. Nicotine is manipulated through various means, including genetic alteration of tobacco plants, adjustment of smoke pH (for example using freebasing), manipulation of sugars in tobacco or the use of additives to enhance nicotine's effects.[1][2] Goals of nicotine manipulation include enhancement of the physical motivation for smoking, bolstering the long-term use of cigarettes (addiction maintenance), prevention of smoking cessation and improvement, and maintenance of "satisfaction of the consumer."[3]
References
- ↑ David Tannenbaum Smoking Guns II: Nicotine Manipulation Multinational Monitor, July/August, 1998; Volume 19, Number 7 & 8
- ↑ P. Lipiello, R.J. Reynolds RDM89 267. Enhancement of Nicotine Binding to Nicotinic Receptors by Nicotine Levulinate and Levulinic Acid Scientific report. 27 pp. September 25, 1989. Bates No. 508295794/5820
- ↑ Doug Campbell [ http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fkh91b00 Documents discuss nicotine levels and marketing to teens] Newspaper article. Greensboro News and Record; June 28, 1998. Lorillard Bates No. 86591895/1904 at pages 3 and 4
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