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• * [[Maurice E LeVois]] who ran [[Environmental Health Resources]] in Mill Valley, California
The suburb (and 800 families) was evacuated and the homes torn down with the government reimbursing them for their loss. According to his own report, Carlo was consulted by the New York State Department of Health over this incident. Presumably, by then, he was seen as a dioxin expert -- but it is not clear which side was employing him at this time.
===Three Mile Island===<bB>1979 March:1980</bB> The Research biologist <uB>Three Mile IslandBeverly J Paigen </uB> incident. A leak , who was a senior staffer doing Cancer Research at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant created the most serious nuclear incident in American historyRoswell Park while Carlo was there, and probably the besthas produced a series of papers on Love Canal ''[but she doesn't list Carlo as a contributor or co-known author] <BLOCKQUOTE><I> * "Controversy at Love Canal" which was published as a Hastings Center Report, in 1982. * "Methods for assessing health risks in populations living near hazardous waste sites" 1983 * "Assessing the world problem -- Love Canal," 1983 * Use of small mammals (voles) to assess a hazardous waste site at Love Canal, 1983<font color=green>: [It is possible that Carlo may have made some minor contributions to early Roswell Park papers before the Ukrainian Chernobyl disaster and the Japanese Fukiyama power plantmoving back to Arkansas in September 1980.]</font> </I>[http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/cla89c00/pdf] </BLOCKQUOTE>
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==Main Lobbying Associates==
* [[Ian C Munro]] who also ran [[CanTox]] (aka [[Canadian Centre for Toxicology]]) in Canada and was his deputy with [[Wireless Technology Research]] (WTR) for the CTIA.
* [[Thorne G Auchter]], ex Reaganite director of the OSHA.<br>Auchter, Tozzi and Carlo also ran [[Federal Focus]], [[Multinational Business Services]] (MBS), [[Health Policy Institute]] (HPI), [[Institute for Regulatory Policy]] (IRP), [[Center for the Study of Environmental Endocrine Effects]] (CSEEE), [[Center for Epidemiological Studies]] (CES), and [[Center for Regulatory Effectiveness]] (CRE)
==Documents & Timeline==
<b>1940s:</b> Carlo's family migrated to the USA from Calabria in Sicily, and . <hr><B>1953 Aug 24</b> George Carlo was born in New York. In the early 1970s he claims to have earned Bachelors, Masters, and Doctoral degrees from the State University of New York at Buffalo <ref>(Carlo's online biography)</ref>
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<B>1970</B> The USA Army stopped using the defoliants Agent Orange and Agent Blue in Vietnam supposedly "because of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong charged that herbicides were a form of chemical warfare" and that they were causing birth defects among Vietnamese children as well as severe, perhaps irreversible, ecological damage. <hr><B>1971 /E</B> Carlo earned his bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees from State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo <ref>(Carlo's online biography)</ref><hr><b>1972:</b> Dr Carlo's "scientific involvement with dioxins" begins. He reveals in a letter to the Wall Street Journal (March 27 1992) that his focus at this time was on risk management rather than basic research. He also said that he designed protocols which were used by the Arkansas Department of Health about this time, to monitor dioxin-exposed Vietnamese refugees.<font color=green>{Note that there are some major inconsistencies in dates with his claims.]</font> <hr><B>1973</B> Carlo now at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He says that he became a professional assistant football coach for the Buffalo Bulls, at the University.
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<b>1974 Jul 30</b> '''Times Beach''' dioxin scare. The Centers for Disease Control finally discovered that trichlorophenol (which had a by-product, dioxin) was the highly dangerous contaminate which were causing human problems at the Times Beach township, near St Louis, Missouri. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Beach,_Missouri] Little was done about it until 1982.
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<b>1974-1977</b> Arkansas Power and Light had their Nuclear One power plant in Pope County. And, in 1974, when it opened, the county had a still-birth rate of 20.3 per 1000, the following year it rose to 25.4, then to 27.5, and then in 1977 it hit a figure of 26.8 per thousand. "The combined rate in control counties farther from the site had, by contrast, dropped sharply."
<HR><B> 1975 </B> Vietnam veterans, supported by some scientists and politicians, blamed '''Agent Orange''' as the cause of their own diseases and of birth defects in their children and demanded medical treatment and monetary compensation. Their efforts received a hugh boost from two television programs. <ref>[Source: Michael Gough's book "Politicizing Science"]</ref>>
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<b>1976-1977:</b> Carlo is an Epidemiologist on the staff of the University of Arkansas's Medical Sciences department when the increased rate of still-births became common knowledge.QUOTE: <blockquote><I>
"While at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (sic), he chaired the research committee of the Department of Family and Community Medicine and designed the acute and chronic clinical work performed by that department." (Carlo biog)</i></blockquote>
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<B> 1976 Jul 10: </B> The '''Seveso herbicide factory''' owned by the Roche Group blew up just outside Milan, Italy, releasing an enormous amount of dioxin. The immediate health consequences in Seveso and neighbouring communities were chloracne, a serious skin condition; the potential for long term consequence were largely ignored. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seveso_disaster] There is still a dispute about the numbers killed or harmed from the released dioxins (partly because of a coverup by both the companies and the State, but also difficulty in tracing problems back to causes.) <table style="width=100%" bgcolor="eeeedd" border=1 rules=all cellpadding=10><tr bgcolor=#cccccc><th>Birth problems after Seveso</th></tr><tr><td>In 1996 it was found that in Seveso there was a change in the ratios of boy babies and girls in the exposed families. (males to females 26:48 for children born between April 1977 and December 1984) A 2001 study... <BLOCKQUOTE><I> observed no increase in all-cause and all-cancer mortality. However, results support that dioxin is carcinogenic to humans and corroborate the hypotheses of its association with cardiovascular- and endocrine-related effects. In 2009, an update including 5 more years (up to 1996) found the expected increase in "lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue neoplasms" and increased breast cancer. </I></BLOCKQUOTE> However, the most important factor in the decision that dioxins were dangerous in the long-term came from laboratory tests, carried out by scientists at the Dow Chemical Company. They showed dioxin to be the most potent cause of birth defects ever found in laboratory test animals. <font color=green>[Source Michael Gough's book "Politicizing Science"]</font> </td></tr></table> <TABLE border=1 width = 100% bgcolor=#eeeedd cellpadding=5 rules=all> <tr bgcolor=#cccccc> <TH>The emerging problem of Agent Orange in 1977</th> </tr> <TR> <TD> <B> 1977 -- 78: </B> The Veterans Administration (VA) initially rejected veterans's claims for treatment and compensation for "Agent Orange diseases", saying that there was no evidence for a linkage between Agent Orange and the diseases for which these claims were made. The Veterans had a problem proving that they had been exposed to Agent Orange/dioxin since no records were apparently kept by the military -- and the chemical companies all denied that the substance was dangerous, carcinogenic or mutagenic. Agent Orange was also highly variable in its dioxin concentration which made true exposure to the dioxins impossible. Also, other herbicides such as Agent Blue (which contained arsenic) were also used extensively in Vietnam.</td></tr><tr><td> <B> 1977 July: </B> (summer) the US Air Force disposed of 2.22 million gallons of Agent Orange (believed to contain 23 kilograms of dioxins) by burning the chemical in a high-temperature incineration at sea aboard the incinerator ship, <B> M/T Vulcanus </B> [in compliance with the EPA permit requirements] There can be little doubt that the Air Force knew it was dealing with dangerous chemicals by this time. <br> ''[Only revealed at a later International Symposium in Arlington] [http://www.nal.usda.gov/speccoll/findaids/agentorange/text/05005.pdf] <font color=green>: [Note: Although this was known to be a dioxin problem, Agent Orange remained a relatively dormant issue in the media until about 1980. It was the Love Canal contamination which created the public concerns. ] </font></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <B>1977 Sep-Aug 1978</B> Carlo says he worked during this period as a Teaching Assistant, Roswell Park Graduate Division, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Epidemiology. This suggests that he transfered to a new job which allowed him to pursue a higher qualification. His PhD is from the Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Division of Graduate Studies (SUNYAB), Department of Experimental Pathology (Experimental Pathology/Epidemiology) [Source: George Carlo's C/V as sent to the Tobacco Institute in 1988.] [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wsm14b00/pdf] <TABLE border=1 width = 100% bgcolor=#eeeedd cellpadding=5 rules=all> <tr bgcolor=#cccccc> <TH> November 1977 - Love Canal at Niagra Falls </th> </tr> <TR> <TD> <B> 1977 Nov: </B> This was an unfinished canal had become an industrial waste site which leaked chemicals whenever it rained. It had been given to the New York Education Department, which had then sold various parts of it as housing estates. After 30 years of indiscriminate dumping and regular reports of seepages and odours, a local reporter began an investigation of possible links between the contamination and resident illnesses. In 1976 toxicology consultants (Calspan Corp. -- an ex-Defence-related general lab group associated with Cornell University) reported serious contamination by dioxins, and this fired up local Congressman LaFalce, who turned up at the site with the Environmenal Protection Agency in tow. The EPA tested air in basements, and the New York State Health and Environmental personnel sampled sump pumps and storm sewers. Love Canal citizens organised themselves into three large resident's organisations, and began to lobby for remedial action or relocation. [833 families were eventually relocated] In March 1978 the New York health authorities ordered human testing of blood, and a committee of physicians recommended drastic measures. The Governor declaring a State health emergency, closed the school, etc. Over the next years the EPA and New York health authorities expanded their area of concern to 36 residential blocks, and the Congress became involved in Joint Hearings when chromasomal damage was reported. This landmark case led, in the last days of the Carter Administration (1980), to passage of the <B><U> Superfund (CERCLA) </u></B> laws which required polluting industries to jointly pay to clean up their own mess and they also set aside government funds for sites where it was impossible to identify the culprits. However it took five years of lax Reagan-Repubican administration before the <B> ATSDR </B> (the agency charged with enforcing these rules) to be funded. <br> ''[Love Canal land was later remediated as a new suburb with a new name] [http://www.onlineethics.org/cms/6527.aspx] </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <b>1978:</b> George Carlo, while still with a staff epidemiologist at the Medical Sciences Department, University of Arkansas, he had co-wrote written (with epidemiologist [[Carol Hogue]]) a report for the Arkansas Department of Health. They warned that "a pattern of risk" seemed to be developing in the neighbourhood of the power plant. "The situation should be monitored closely," they said, because "we may be detecting a weak signal."
Arkansas Power and Light quickly denied any likelihood that Nuclear One "would have any effect on the health of newborns. We have worked closely with the hospital there," said AP&L vice-president, Charles Kelly, "and every indication we've had in monitoring the health effects is that there is none."
According to the <I>Arkansas Gazette </I>, Carloand Hogue's report was they sent to the Arkansas Department of Health warning that: <BLOCKQUOTE><I> "a pattern of risk" seemed to have developed in the neighbourhood of the power plant. "The situation should be monitored closely," they said, because "we may be detecting a weak signal." Arkansas Power and Light quickly denied any likelihood that Nuclear One "would have any effect on the health of newborns. We have worked closely with the hospital there," said AP&L vice-president, Charles Kelly, "and every indication we've had in monitoring the health effects is that there is none." </I></BLOCKQUOTE> Nor was the Carlo/Hogue paper was not received kindly received by local municipal or supported by the local health authorities. " <BLOCKQUOTE><I> The study", said Director Robert Young of the Arkansas Health Department, was "inconclusive" and offered no evidence that Nuclear One was to blame for the escalating stillbirth rate. " </I></BLOCKQUOTE> [Source: Arkansas Gazette, October 31, 1979] <table width="100%" bgcolor="eeeedd" border=1 rules=all cellpadding=5 align=right><tr><td> <b>1978 </B> Dr [[Richard J Kociba]] a scientist working for [[Dow Chemicals]] found overwhelming evidence that 2,3,7,8-TCDD herbicides (which contain dioxins) were dangerous, and published his report in <I>Applied Pharmacology. </I> Before Love Canal had come to public notice, he had begun a series of three different life-time (2 year) animal studies feeding dioxins to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Kociba found high rates of liver cancer in the female mice (but not the males) and he had microscope slides to prove it. <br>This triggered the scientific scare about dioxins (and later, their cousins, the furans) in herbicides -- not just in Agent Orange. Public concerns became exaggerated when the media over-reacted; and this was supplemented by the clumsy and frantic attempts by the chemical companies to throw doubt on their own research. <br> ''[Dow Chemicals rejected the Kociba findings. They then hired the 'greenwashing'PR firm, <B> [[E Bruce Harrison]] </B>, to run a campaign discounting and confusing the findings. They later challenged Kociba'Arkansas Gazettes diagnosis of the cancers by mounting their own 'independent' committee of highly-paid consultants who reviewed the Kociba slides and found fewer 'confirmed'cancers -- which is why scientists don't like releasing their basic data; it just fuels the fires of organised attack.]. <br> The first lawsuits are filed against Dow Chemicals and Monsanto over their sloppy production of Agent Orange resulting in Vietnam Veteran's dioxin. Then in March, Eckardt C Beck, the local (Love Canal) Regional administrator for the EPA reported: <BLOCKQUOTE><I> I visited the canal area at that time. Corroding waste-disposal drums could be seen breaking up through the grounds of backyards. Trees and gardens were turning black and dying. One entire swimming pool had been had been popped up from its foundation, afloat now on a small sea of chemicals. Puddles of noxious substances were pointed out to me by the residents. Some of these puddles were in their yards, some were in their basements, others yet were on the school grounds. Everywhere the air had a faint, choking smell. Children returned from play with burns on their hands and faces. <br>And then there were the birth defects. The New York State Health Department is continuing an investigation into a disturbingly high rate of miscarriages, along with five birth-defect cases detected thus far in the area. </I></BLOCKQUOTE> </td></tr></table> <B>1978 Aug 1</b> the <I>New York Times </I> front-page article stated: <BLOCKQUOTE><I> NIAGARA FALLS, N.Y.--Twenty five years after the Hooker Chemical Company stopped using the Love Canal here as an industrial dump, 82 different compounds, 11 of them suspected carcinogens, have been percolating upward through the soil, their drum containers rotting and leaching their contents into the backyards and basements of 100 homes and a public school built on the banks of the canal. </I></BLOCKQUOTE> [http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/history/topics/lovecanal/01.html] The story triggered action. The next day <B> Dr Robert Whalen </B>, the New York state Commissioner of Health, visited Love Canal and said: <BLOCKQUOTE><I> "The Love Canal Chemical Waste Landfill constitutes a public nuisance and an extremely serious threat and danger to the health, safety, and welfare of those using it or exposed to the conditions emanating from it, consisting, among other things, of chemical wastes lying exposed on the surface in numerous places and pervasive, pernicious, and obnoxious chemical vapors and fumes affecting both the ambient air and the homes of certain residents living near such sites." </I></BLOCKQUOTE>He issued an order to country health officials to close the school and reduce accessibility to one division of the site ["keep people off"], October 31and to begin health studies. On August 7 he expanded the prohibited area and Governor Carey decided to buy the homes of those who wished to relocate. President Carter also approved emergency financial aid. Dr Whalen also convened a Blue-Ribbon Panel, declared a health emergency and ordered the relocation of women and children living in the most contaminated parts of the estate. President Carter then declared a 'State of Emergency' and provided financial aid. By the end of this year workers on the site were undergoing daily monitoring, 1979and over the next three years lawsuits were filed by New York State Attorney against Hooker Corporation and Occidental Petroleum (settled by consent agreement in 1988 and 1989)and the whole area cleared. [Multiple Sources]
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<B>1978 Aug 4</b> -- <B> Sep 79: </B> Carlo was now an <B> Epidemiologist </B> at the <B> State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine's </B>. Research Program in Occupational and Environmental Health. [His C/V says that he was also] <B> Clinical Instructor </B>, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. ''[Source: George Carlo's C/V dated the end of 1988.] [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wsm14b00/pdf] One of Carlo's puff pieces says: <BLOCKQUOTE><I> Dr Carlo was among the first scientists on the scene at the infamous Love Canal chemical crisis in Niagara Falls, New York in 1978 that led to the Superfund law addressing hazards from abandoned hazardous waste sites. </I></BLOCKQUOTE> <TABLE border=1 width =100% align=Carlo as Consultantcenter bgcolor=#eeeedd cellpadding=5> <tr bgcolor=#cccccc> <TH>Carlo's denial of Love Canal involvement... <b/th>1978:</btr> <TR> <TD> About Defending himself against charges that he was a consultant to the land developers at Love Canal (and there is no evidence of this time he left Arkansas ) Carlo later wrote: <BLOCKQUOTE><I> <I>"I was one of the first consultants to be approached by Lois Gibbs and the other mothers who were concerned about the risk of miscarriages. We helped them put together the study that was later submitted to the State Health Department about health risks. I helped Congressman John LaFalce with the first writings of the Superfund Act that was intended to prevent financial harm to families living on or near abandoned hazardous waste sites and sets this a direct consequence of the Love Canal work. <br>My work was used by Congress because it supported the theory that the chemicals such as Mirex or Kepone were related to cancer. " </I> </I></BLOCKQUOTE> [Google turns up as an Independent consultantno evidence supporting the claim that Carlo's research information was given to Congress, or of any relationship with Congressman LaFalce. However, establishing it could well be true that the organisation originally called [[Health University was approached for help by Lois Gibbs, and Environmental Sciences]] (HES) therefore true that he helped the activists. </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <br> <b>1979 Mar 26</b>: The <u>Three Mile Island incident.</u> </B> <br>A leak followed by a partial meltdown at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania created the most serious nuclear contamination incident in American history, and looks for work probably the best-known in the tobacco world before the Ukrainian Chernobyl disaster and Fukijama in Japan. Wikipedia says: <BLOCKQUOTE><I> The nuclear power industryclaims that there were no deaths, injuries or adverse health effects from the accident, and a report by Columbia University epidemiologist Maureen Hatch agrees with this finding.'' "He is Another study by Steven Wing of the University of North Carolina found that lung cancer and leukemia rates were 2 to 10 times higher downwind of TMI than upwind. The Radiation and Public Health Project, an anti-nuclear organization, reported a Fellow spike in infant mortality in the downwind communities two years after the accident. </I></BLOCKQUOTE> In some of his later puff-pieces Carlo claimed to have worked helping the public affected by this accident.] <hr><b>1979 Oct:</b> The American College Department of EpidemiologyHealth issued a quick study which had been conducted on the Three Mile Island incident only 6 months after the event and Carlo claims to have been involved as a consultant. QUOTE:<blockquote><I>"His work has included studies addressing risks from the environment and consumer products, as well as the safety and is a specialist in assessing efficacy of pharmaceuticals and managing risks to public healthmedical devices."'' <br>[Carlo]...served in diverse scientific advisory capacities, including membership on the US. Congress Office of Technology Assessment Agent Orange Advisory Panel. (Carlo biog)</i></blockquote><hr. <B>1979</b> the delayed publication date for the Carlo/Hogue Nuclear One stillbirth paper. It was only published well after the Three-Mile Island incident. : <B> "Analysis of Infant Deaths and Stillbirths in Pope County, Arkansas. "</B> by Carlo GL and Hogue CJ, Arkansas State Department of Health.
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<b>19791980:</b> <u>[[Love CanalSuperfund]]:</u> This A special government financed fund of $1.6 billion (initially) is a established for general toxic landsite clean-fill incident that made world headlinesups around the United States after Love Canal. A developer had built This by funded by a new suburb tax on reclaimed landthe chemical and petroleum industries. However, and the government was trying to load a number proportion of families with young children had shifted into these costs back on the suburb States and been living there for some time. It was then discovered on the industries that had caused the landproblems -fill - so the fund was loaded with strongly opposed by industry. The correct name of the 22,000 barrels of dioxin-laden toxic waste. Superfund is [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_CanalCERCLA]] The health problems (birth defects Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and physical anomaliesLiability Act) was uncovered by and Carlo claims to have been consulted on the diligent work (from 1976 to 1978) design of three local reporters working for the ''Niagara Gazette'' and public concern was raised Superfund proposal by a local activist, Lois Gibbs. Her efforts were largely ignored until 1980congressional committee.
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<bB>1979 Oct1980</B> <div style=background:#eedddd> <br> <B> 1980:</bB> The American Department of Health issued a quick study which had been conducted on the Three Mile Island incident only 6 months after the event first Agent-Orange ''class-action '' lawsuit is filed in Pennsylvania against Dow Chemicals and Carlo claims to have been involved as Monsanto. This is a consultantproduct liability suit over their sloppy production of Agent Orange resulting in Vietnam Veteran's dioxin exposures.Critical research evidence produced at this trial included: <blockquoteBLOCKQUOTE><I>"His work has included studies addressing risks about 100 articles from the environment and consumer productstoxicology journals dating back more than a decade, as well as data about where herbicides had been sprayed, what the safety effects of dioxin had been on animals and efficacy humans, and every accident in factories where herbicides were produced or dioxin was a contaminant of pharmaceuticals and medical devicessome chemical reaction.<a href="<br>[Carlo]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange" target=tobdocs> <img src=".served in diverse scientific advisory capacities, including membership on the US. Congress Office of Technology Assessment Agent Orange Advisory Panel/library/seeArticle. (Carlo biog)jpg" align=right> </a> </I></iBLOCKQUOTE> <br></blockquotediv>
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<B>1980</B> Carlo says he was <B> Principal Investigator </B> this year on <I> <b>1980:"Birth Cohort Infant Mortality and Environmental Insult in Arkansas Counties," </b> <u/I> study which was being funded by US Environmental Protection Agency, <br> <p align=right>''[Source: George Carlo's 1988 C/V as sent to the Tobacco Institute] [Superfund]http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wsm14b00/pdf]: </uP> A special government financed fund of $1 ''[We have found no studies which match the above.6 billion (initially) There is established for general site clean-ups around only the United States after Love Canal by creating a tax on Arkansas Health Department study with no mention of the chemical and petroleum industriesEPA. However, given the government was trying to load a proportion recent publication of these costs back on the States and on the industries that had caused the problems -- so the fund was strongly opposed by industryhis Arkansas Nuclear One paper, this could well be true.]
<hr><B>1980</B> The correct name of the <B> Superfund Compromise </B> is [[CERCLA]] being floated, This was (Comprehensive Environmental Responseinitially) a proposal to limit the number of hazardous waste sites that would be cleaned up, Compensation but it was amended out of recognition because of public hostility. A Bill extending the Compromise was only passed in Aug 1986 after five years of long and Liability Actbitter inactivity during (Reagan's First term) See legal outline [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zln28d00/pdf] Only six dumps were cleaned up during the first five years of Superfund, and Carlo claims it went into limbo after September 30 1985 when its revenue sources dried up, The new compromise became a Bill for Renewal, which would require the Environmental Protection Agency to have been consulted on the design identify for future action 1,600 of the Superfund proposal nation's worst sites by 1988. [The agency's national priority list was about half that size.] The compromise bill also gave citizens living near toxic sites the right to sue polluters to force a cleanup if EPA is not acting against a congressional committeedump and to require chemical companies to inform communities about emissions of ''acute hazards'' from their plants.] <p align=right> See US News & World Report article from the 1980s. [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/smk15b00/pdf]
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<B>1980 May</B> American Journal of Public Health publishes <B> "Cancer incidence and trihalomethane concentrations in a public drinking water system." </B> by G L Carlo, C J Mettlin <BLOCKQUOTE><I> Four thousand two hundred fifty-five cases of esophageal, stomach, colon, rectal, bladder, and pancreatic cancer reported from Erie County, NY between 1973 and 1976 were analyzed in terms of their relationship to type of water source, level of trihalomethane (THM) and various social and economic parameters. Among white males, a significant positive correlation existed between pancreatic cancer incidence rates and THM level. No other significant correlations were observed. This research lends little or no support to the hypothesis that THM levels which meet present standards are related to the incidence of human cancer. </I>[http://www.abstractboard.com/author/Carlo+G+L/G-L-Carlo.html] </BLOCKQUOTE><hr> <B> 1980 June 6 </B> A '''Hill & Knowlton''' Advisory to its clients: <BLOCKQUOTE><I>The Justice Department expects to file 100 lawsuits to enforce the cleanup of dangerous hazardous waste disposal sites in 1980. It claims there are from 500 to 600 dumping sites today that could be as much of a threat to public health as Love Canal. </I></BLOCKQUOTE> Another report says the National Toxicology Program "had isolated about 200 compounds at the site and was testing 70 of them."" <hr>===OTA Agent Orange Assessment Panel===<b>1981:</b> The [[Agent Orange]] herbicide used by the military in Vietnam had serious dioxin contamination problemalso. Dioxins were both toxic and caused mutagens, and they were accidentally when some manufacturing processes were not strictly supervised.
This year Carlo begins serving on the US Congress - Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) panel on Agent Orange alongside a couple of other scientists who were to become friends and business associates. He continues on this panel for at least ten years.
He met two scientific consultants who would later figure strongly in his life: Dr [[Maurice LeVois]], another epidemiologist working at this time for the Veterans, and Dr [[Michael Gough]] who was the dioxin representative for the government in the Office of Technical Assessments OTA. LeVois became a partner in Carlo's consultancy company Health and Environmental Sciences (HES), while Gough moved on to a life of lazing in think-tanks, firstly [[Resources for the Future]] and later the [[Cato Institute]]. They became a mutual supporting clique, and this provided Carlo with back-up when needed.<font color=green>
: [All three later joined forces to support [[Steven J Milloy]] in the [[TASSC]] junk-science scam for Philip Morris]</font>
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<b>1982</b>The Environmental Defense Fund published a leaked letter from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which listed 14 confirmed, and 41 possible dioxin-contaminated sites in Missouri, and also attacked the EPA's attempts to lower the dioxin cleanup protocol standards. [[Anne Burford Gorsuch]] was the EPA director and [[Rita Lavelle]] was assistant administrator. Times Beach was highly contaminated an excavation of 800 families was ordered on December 4th. The CDC publicly recommended that the settlement must not be reinhabited.
