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The '''Competitive Enterprise Institute''' (CEI) is a advocacy group libertarian think tank based in Washington DC with long ties , D.C. Founded in 1984, CEI's mission is to tobacco disinformation campaigns "reform America's unaccountable regulatory state," and more recently to climate change denial. It calls itself advance "policies to eliminate harmful bureaucratic controls so people can live in a non-profitfreer, healthier, non-[[partisan]] research and advocacy institute dedicated to the principles of free enterprise and limited government. We believe that individuals are best helped not by government intervention, but by making their own choices in a free marketplacemore prosperous nation."<ref> Competitive Enterprise Institute, [httphttps://cei.org/about "/ About CEI"], organizational website, accessed March 2008.</ref> The Competitive Enterprise Institute is an "associate" member of the [[State Policy Network]], a web of right-wing "think tanks" in every state across the country.<ref>State Policy Network, [https://spn.org/directory/ Directory], ''State Policy Network''April 19, 20162024.</ref>

Until August 2007 The organization is primarily associated with tobacco disinformation and climate change denial, having received substantial funding from companies and political advocacy groups in the tobacco, energy, technology, and automotive industries. ''Inside Climate News'' has referred to CEIas "one of the fossil fuel industry's website most steadfast allies," while CEI stated that itself claims it served "as both a think tank—creating intellectual ammunition to support free markets—and an advocacy organization—putting “has been instrumental in fighting decades of climate alarmism and anti-energy policies that ammunition to use in persuasive waysconstrict energy supplies, raise prices, and stoke unjustified pessimism about human adaptive capabilities."”<ref>Competitive Enterprise Institute, [httphttps://web.archivecei.org/webissues/energy-and-environment/20070808013948Energy and Environment], organizational website, accessed April 19, 2024.</httpref><ref>John H. Cushman Jr., [https://www.ceiinsideclimatenews.org/sectionsnews/08042016/think-tank-fossil-fuel-ties-competitive-enterprise-institute-subpoena-attorney-general-climate-change-exxon/section.cfm?section=21 "Economic LibertyThink Tank with Fossil-Fuel Ties Subpoenaed in AG's Climate Inquiry"], August 2007.(This page was on CEI's website between February 2005 and August 2007'Inside Climate News'', April 8, 2016.)</ref>

It postures as an advocate of "CEI formerly belonged to various conservative alliances, including the [[Alliance for America]], [[Get Government Off Our Backs]], [[sound scienceTownhall.com]]" in , the development of public policy[[National Consumer Coalition]] (a pro-corporate front group headed by Frances B. HoweverSmith, the wife of CEI projects dispute the overwhelming scientific evidence that human induced greenhouse gas emissions are driving climate changefounder Fred L. They have a program for "challenging government regulations"Smith), push and the [[property rightsEnvironmental Education Working Group]] as (a solution national umbrella group for organizations working to environment problems, opposed US vehicle fuel efficiency standardsundermine environmental education in schools.) CEI was linked to the UK-based right-wing think tank, and spin for the [[drug industryInternational Policy Network]], via shared staff and an identical US contact address.

Many of its claims have been debunked. Here are a few examples related to climate change: *Annenberg Political Fact CheckIn addition, CEI sponsored several, now defunct, subsidiary organizations, "including the [[Center for Private Conservation]] and Michael Sanera's [[http://www.factcheckCenter for Environmental Educational Research]].org/article395.html Scientist to CEI: You Used My Research To "Confuse finances and Misleadoperates [[Cooler Heads Coalition]]," May 26, 2006.*"[http://www.realclimateglobalwarming.org/indexGlobalWarming.php/archives/2006/05/thank-you-for-emitting/ Thank you for emittingorg]", Real Climatea project of Cooler Heads Coalition, May 18, 2006*News Bureau, University describes the group as an "ad hoc coalition of Missourimore than two dozen free market and conservative non-Columbiaprofit groups in U.S. and abroad that question global warming alarmism and oppose energy-rationing policies."<ref>GlobalWarming, "[http://munewswww.missouriglobalwarming.eduorg/NewsBureauSingleNews.cfm?newsid=9842 MU Professor Refutes National Television Ads Downplaying Global Warming: Engineering Professor Curt Davis says TV Spots are Misrepresenting His Researchcontributors/ Contributors]," May organizational website, accessed April 19, 20062024.{{Template:KochConnection}}<table width="30%" bgcolor="eeeedd" border=1 rules=all cellpadding=5 align=right><tr bgcolor="cccccc"><th>RELATED ENTRIES</th></tr><tr><td>[[CEI (Doc Index)]]</td></tr><tr><td>[[Competitive Enterprise Institute]]</td></tr><tr><td>[[Competitive Enterprise Institute/Competitive Enterprise Institute And Global Warming|The CEI And Global Warming]]</td></tr><tr><td>[[Competitive Enterprise Institute/CEI Programs & Projects|CEI Programs & Projects]]</td><tr></tableref>

==Ties to the Bradley Foundation==Through 2016 CEI is an "associate" member of the Competitive Enterprise Institute received [[Contributions State Policy Network]], a web of the Bradley Foundation | $2right-wing "think tanks" and tax-exempt organizations in 50 states, Washington, D.C.,280Canada,040]] from and the [[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]]United Kingdom.<ref>Bradley FilesState Policy Network, [on file with CMDhttps://spn.org/directory/ Directory], ''Bradley FilesState Policy Network'', 20172016.</ref>

Bradley detailed the most recent grants in internal documents examined by the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD). Below is a description of the grant prepared by CMD. The quoted text was written by Bradley staff. '''2015: $200,000''' to support general operations and litigation. Emphasis of work will be on energy and the environment. CEI's Center for Energy and the Environment is "working closely with Bradley supported conservative think tanks and the Bradley supported American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) on public education about energy and the environment." CEI's "work on energy and the environment in particular is helping to expose and cut back onerous federal regulations that choke economic growth and prosperity." CEI's litigation agenda "includes a reinvigorated challenge to Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and other cases in areas ranging from government transparency to climate science." '''2014: $150,000''' to support general operations and litigation. The grant request notes that the support of general operations is "with an emphasis on its work on energy and environment. This grant is separate and apart from that for CEI's litigation efforts… Among other things, (CEI's) Center for Energy and Environment is also working closely with Bradley supported conservative state think tanks and the Bradley supported American Legislative Exchange Council on public education about the likely economic and other effects of the proposed XL pipeline and the repeal of renewable energy standards in Kansas, Ohio and North Carolina. It aggressively used the Freedom of Information Act process to expose the collusion between officials of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and green and global warming alarmist groups. As well, including their attempt to rely on the federal Endangered Species Act to stymie energy development." CEI's litigation program included challenges to Dodd Frank, the CPA and the Affordable Care Act, which Bradley called "ambitiously creative." '''2013: $200,000''' to support general operations and Dodd Frank Litigation. "In 2014 CEI will expand its reach in the areas of energy, environment, labor and finance." CEI was working to "expose" President Obama's "war on coal" and efforts to build a carbon tax. CEI also focused on public sector collective bargaining and its Center for Advancing Capitalism advocates for economic policies "compatible" with "liberty, security and fairness…A moral case for capitalism will be promoted through the Center's narrative on the relationship between labor and finance." CEI filed a challenge to Dodd Frank in 2012 with the 60 Plus Association and State National Bank of Big Spring, Texas. CEI wants to expand its Strategic Litigation Program, currently (2013) it supports 6 businesses and individuals who have challenged the ACA's mandate and it uses FOIA's to "expose" the EPA, and has other local and state court suits related to global warming. The two year budget for the Dodd Frank litigation was $2.5 million, most of which spent on the retained outside counsel.  {{BradleyTemplate:AntiEnvironmentalArchives}}

== History ==

By In 1992, CEI's annual budget had reached $765,000. That year it helped coordinate "Earth Summit Alternatives" to counter the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, generating anti-environmental commentary that appeared on the MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour, National Review, Washington Times, Detroit News, Investor's Daily, Inside EPA's Clean Air Report, CNBC, C-SPAN, CBS Radio and Voice of America. In March of that year, CEI’s founder Fred L. Smith said of anthropogenic climate change, "Most of the indications right now are it looks pretty good. Warmer winters, warmer nights, no effects during the day because of clouding, sounds to me like we’re moving to a more benign planet, more rain, richer, easier productivity to agriculture."<ref>Think Progress, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060823021436/http://thinkprogress.org/2006/05/17/global-warming-looks-good/ "CEI Founder on Global Warming: 'It Looks Pretty Good... We're Moving to a More Benign Planet'"], ''Think Progress'', May 17, 2006.</ref> CEI also published its first book, titled ''Environmental Politics.''Jonathan Adler, CEI's Director of Environmental Studies, wrote ''Implementing the U.S. Clean Air Act in Arizona'' in conjunction with the [[Barry Goldwater Institute for Public Policy Research]], a small think tank headed by [[Michael Sanera]], a former professor of political science at Northern Arizona University and an adjunct scholar at the conservative [[Heritage Foundation]].<ref> [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0006RW03C/qid=1148438836/sr=1-13/ref=sr_1_13/104-2202380-8195161?s=books&v=glance&n=283155 "Implementing the U.S. Clean Air Act in Arizona"], Barry Goldwater Institute for Public Policy Research, 1992. ASIN B0006RW03C.</ref> The following year they wrote another report, "Reforming Arizona's Air Pollution Policy."

In 1992, Jonathan Adler, 1994 CEI's director of environmental studies, wrote ''Implementing began working on a book with the U.S. Clean Air Act in Arizona'' in conjunction with [[Alabama Family Alliance]] and the [[Barry Goldwater Arizona Institute for Public Policy Research]], a small think tank (also founded and headed by Sanera). Tentatively titled ''An Environmental Primer for Parents: How to Talk to Your Children About Environmental Issues'', the book was eventually published under the title ''Facts Not Fear'', with Sanera and [[Michael SaneraJane S. Shaw]], listed as the authors. It claims that environmental education in the classroom is a politicized effort to indoctrinate kids into becoming activists. Sanera was also instrumental in gutting a former professor of political science at Northern previously strong environmental education mandate in Arizona University . He and CEI became leading forces behind an adjunct scholar at ongoing, industry-funded campaign to eliminate funding for environmental education throughout the conservative [[Heritage Foundation]]United States.<ref> John Stauber, [httphttps://www.amazonprwatch.comorg/gpprwissues/product2000Q2/B0006RW03C/qid=1148438836/sr=1-13/ref=sr_1_13/104-2202380-8195161?s=books&v=glance&n=283155 fearnotfacts.html "Implementing Facts Not Fear Wants to Make the U.S. Clean Air Act in ArizonaWorld Safe for Styrofoam"], Barry Goldwater Institute for Public Policy Research''PR Watch'', Second Quarter 2000, Volume 7, 1992No. ASIN B0006RW03C2.</ref> The following year they wrote another report "Reforming Arizona's Air Pollution Policy".

In 1994 1995, CEI began working on a book with the [[Alabama Family Alliance]] and the [[Arizona Institute for Public Policy Research]] (also founded and headed by Sanera). Tentatively titled joined several other think tanks in attacking ''An Environmental Primer for Parents: How to Talk to Your Children About Environmental IssuesOur Stolen Future'', the book was eventually published under about environmental endocrine disruptors by Theo Colborn, Dianne Dumanoski and Peter Myer. Just prior to the title book's release, CEI released two separate studies belittling "the hypothetical risks to human health" discussed in Colborn'Facts Not Fear's book. On the same day that CEI's reports came out, with Sanera and [[Jane SConsumer Alert]] (run by [[Frances B. ShawSmith]] listed as , the authorswife of CEI founder [[Fred L. It claims that environmental education in Smith]]) issued its own news release labeling the classroom is book "a politicized effort to indoctrinate kids into becoming activists. Sanera was also instrumental in gutting a previously strong environmental education mandate in Arizona. He and CEI have become leading forces behind an ongoing, industry-funded campaign to eliminate funding for environmental education throughout the United Statesscaremongering tract."<ref>John StauberDavid Helvarg, [httpshttp://www.prwatchmindfully.org/prwissuesPesticide/2000Q2/fearnotfactsOur-Stolen-Future-Defense.html htm "Facts Not Fear Wants Poison Pens: When science fails, try public relations: the chemical industry's attempt to Make the World Safe for Styrofoamdiscredit Our Stolen Future"], ''PR WatchSierra'', Second Quarter 2000Volume 82, Volume 7Number 1, No. 2Januray/February 1997.</ref>

In 1995March 1996, CEI joined several other think tanks in attacking ''Our Stolen Future's [[Michelle Malkin]] and [[Michael Fumento]] published "Rachel's Folly," which claims that dioxin is good for you.<ref>Michael Fumento, the book about environmental endocrine disruptors by Theo Colborn[http://www.cei.org/gencon/025, Dianne Dumanoski and Peter Myer01518. Just prior to the bookcfm Rachel's releaseFolly: The End of Chlorine], CEI released two separate studies belittling "the hypothetical risks to human health" discussed in Colborn's bookCompetitive Enterprise Institute, February 29, 1996. On the same day that </ref> CEI's reports came out, [[Consumer AlertJonathan Tolman]] (run who holds a bachelor's degree in political science), published a study that month titled "Nature's Hormone Factory," claiming that naturally-occurring chemicals produced by plants and other living organisms are as dangerous as industrial chemicals.<ref>Jonathan Tolman, [[Frances Bhttp://www.cei.org/gencon/025,01455. Smith]cfm "Nature's Hormone Factory: Endocrine Disrupters in the Natural Environment"], the wife Competitive Enterprise Institute, January 31, 1996.</ref> In December of that year, CEI founder [[Fred Smith]]) issued its own news release labeling submitted comments opposing the book EPA's proposed air quality rule to limit particulate emissions, claiming that "a scaremongering tractthe EPA has failed to consider whether the proposed standard may actually increase mortality due to reductions in disposable income that compliance efforts may produce. ... At all times regulation imposes costs that mean less real income to individuals for alternative expenditure. That deprivation of real income itself has adverse health effects, in the form of poorer diet, more heart attacks, more suicides."<ref>David Helvarg, [http://www.mindfullybydesign.orgcom/Pesticidenaaqs/Our-Stolen-Future-Defensecei.pm.htm "Poison Pens: When science fails, try public relations: html Comments of the Competitive Enterprise Institute on the chemical industryEnvironmental Protection Agency's attempt to discredit Our Stolen FutureProposed Rule Changing the Ambient Air Quality Standards For Particulate Matter"], ''Sierra'' NAAQS on the Web, Volume 82December 13, Number 1, Januray/February 19971996.</ref>

In March 1996, 1997 ''Boston Globe'' reporter Jeff Jacoby described CEIas "one of Washington's [[Michelle Malkin]] and [[Michael Fumento]] published feistiest think tanks."Rachel The same year CEI's Folly," which claims that dioxin is good Adler lobbied Congress to cut off federal funding for youthe National Fish and Wildlife Foundation.<ref>Michael Fumento, [http://wwwhome.ceiearthlink.orgnet/gencon~jhadler/025,01518nfwf.cfm Rachel's Folly: The End html Written Testimony of Chlorine]Jonathan H. Adler, Director of Environmental Studies for the Competitive Enterprise Institute"], Submission to the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Conservation, February 29Wildlife and Oceans Committee on Resources, 1996U.S. House of Representatives, September 25, 1997.</ref> CEI's In July, it participated in an anti-environmental summit sponsored by the conservative [[Jonathan TolmanWestern States Coalition]] (who holds a bachelor's degree in political science), published a study that month titled "Nature's Hormone FactorySpokane,Washington. Under the theme of " claiming that naturally-occurring chemicals produced by plants and other living organisms are as dangerous as industrial chemicals.<ref>Jonathan Tolman, [httpResponsible Legislation Through Education://www.cei.org/gencon/025Solutions That Work,01455.cfm "Nature's Hormone Factory: Endocrine Disrupters in the Natural Environment"conference showcased [[Michael Sanera]], Competitive Enterprise Institute, January 31, 1996.</ref> In December of that year, CEI submitted comments opposing the EPA's proposed air quality rule to limit particulate emissionsattacks on environmental education. Ironically, claiming that "while much of the EPA has failed to consider whether conference focused on the proposed standard may actually increase mortality due to reductions in disposable income that compliance efforts may produce. ... At all times regulation imposes costs that mean less real income to individuals for alternative expenditure. That deprivation alleged indoctrination of real income itself has adverse health effectsschool children by environmentalists, in the form event featured a "trade show" of poorer diet, more heart attacks, more suicidesindustry-sponsored K-12 curricula and materials."<ref>Western States Center, [http://www.bydesignwesternstatescenter.comorg/naaqspublications/cei.pm97summit.html Comments of the Competitive Enterprise Institute on the "Western States Coalition Summit VIII: The Anti-Environmental Lobby and Environmental Protection Agency's Proposed Rule Changing the Ambient Air Quality Standards For Particulate MatterEducation"], NAAQS on the Web, December 13Western States Center, 1996July 1997.</ref>

In CEI was also active in opposing the 1997 ''Boston Globe'' reporter Jeff Jacoby described international global warming negotiations in Kyoto. CEI as staff, including [[Fred Smith]], [[James Sheehan]], Jonathan Adler and [[Marlo Lewis]], featured prominently in a list of "experts"one of Washington's feistiest provided to reporters by the industry-funded [[Global Climate Coalition]]. "The campaign against the 1997 Kyoto global warming treaty waged by right-wing think tanks.has been another area where corporate America has heavily invested in right-wing policy groups that advance its interest," noted author David Callahan in 1999, " The same year Competitive Enterprise Institute has been a particularly aggressive advocate of the notion that global warming is a 'theory not a fact.' Since 1991, CEI's Adler lobbied Congress budget has grown from less than $1 million to cut off federal funding for the National Fish and Wildlife Foundationover $4 million."<refname ="Callahan">David Callahan, [http://homewww.earthlinkwashingtonmonthly.netcom/features/~jhadler1999/nfwf9911.callahan.think.html Written Testimony of Jonathan H"The Think Tank As Flack: How Microsoft and other corporations use conservative policy groups"], ''Washington Monthly'', November, 1999. Adler</ref> Callahan also noted that although the extent to which conservative think tanks rely on corporate funding support varies widely, Director of Environmental Studies for CEI and the Competitive [[American Enterprise Institute]] "], Submission to have two of the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans Committee on Resourceshighest levels of corporate support, U.S. House with both getting roughly 40 percent of Representatives, September 25, 1997their 1996 revenues from corporations."<ref name ="Callahan"/ref>

In JulyOn October 29, 1999, it participated in an anti-environmental summit sponsored by the conservative CEI and [[Western States CoalitionConsumer Alert]] in Spokanesubmitted comments opposing a proposed rule by the Bureau of Alcohol, Washington. Under Tobacco and Firearms banning makers of alcoholic beverages from labeling their products with statements about the theme alleged benefits of "Responsible Legislation Through Educationmoderate consumption" of alcohol.<ref>[http: Solutions That Work//www.cei.org/gencon/003,02459.cfm "Benefits of Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Get Their Day in Court" ], Competitive Enterprise Institute, June 11, 2001.</ref> In March 2001, CEI joined other similar think tanks and experts for hire (including the conference showcased [[Michael SaneraAmerican Council on Science and Health]]'s attacks on environmental education, [[Steven J. IronicallyMilloy]], while much of [[Dennis Avery]], [[Consumer Alert]] and the conference focused [[National Council on Public Policy Research]]) in an open letter criticizing Starbucks for its decision to serve milk products only from cows not treated with genetically-engineered bovine growth hormone."Your action is unfounded, and harms consumers and the alleged indoctrination of school children by environmentalistsenvironment, the event featured a "trade show" of industry-sponsored K-12 curricula and materialsthey stated.<ref>Western States Center, [http://wwwlists.ifas.westernstatescenterufl.orgedu/publicationscgi-bin/97summitwa.html exe?A2=ind0103&L=sanet-mg&P=29925 " Western States Coalition Summit VIII: The AntiConsumer Groups Protest Starbucks Decision Not to Serve Milk From Growth-Environmental Lobby and Environmental EducationHormone Supplemented Cows"], Western States CenterMedia Release, March 20, Jult 1997 (approx)2001.</ref>

When pundit John Stossel came under fire in August 2000 for citing nonexistent scientific studies] on a 20/20 segment bashing organic foods, CEI was also active set up a "Save John Stossel" website in opposing the 1997 international global warming negotiations in Kyotosupport. CEI staff including <ref>Environmental Working Group, [[Fred Smith]https://web.archive.org/web/20030201222424/http://www.ewg.org/pub/home/reports/givemeafake/home.html "Stossel Reprimanded but Not Fired"], organizational website, November 3, 2000.</ref><ref>Competitive Enterprise Institute, [[James Sheehan]http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,02543.cfm "More Than 1,200 Sign Petition Supporting Stossel"], Jonathan Adler and [[Marlo Lewis]] featured prominently in organizational website, August 22, 2000.</ref> Stossel returned the favor the following year by working with Michael Sanera to put together a list of program titled "expertsTampering With Nature," provided to reporters by the which focused on attacking environmental education. In March 2001, a pesticide industry-funded front group known as [[Global Climate CoalitionResponsible Industry for a Sound Environment]](RISE) sent out an action alert memorandum to its members. "The campaign against the 1997 Kyoto global warming treaty waged by right-wing think tanks Mr. Sanera has been another area where corporate America has heavily invested in right-wing policy groups that advance its interestcontacted by ABC News," noted author David Callahan in 1999the memo stated."The Competitive Enterprise Institute has been A producer for John Stossel is working on a particularly aggressive advocate program on environmental education. He needs examples of kids who have been 'scared green' by schools teaching doomsday environmentalism in the notion that global warming is classroom. ... He has some examples, but needs more. Would you send out a 'theory not a factnotice to your group and ask if they know of some examples. Then contact Mr. Sanera ...' Since 1991, CEILet's budget has grown from less than $1 million try to over $ 4 millionhelp Mr. Stossel. He treats industry fairly in his programs."<ref name ="Callahan"> David Callahan, [http://www.washingtonmonthlygreat-lakes.comnet/featureslists/1999enviro-mich/9911.callahan.think2001-04/msg00000.html "The Think Tank As Flack: How Microsoft and other corporations use conservative policy groups'Message from Allen James to RISE Members Alerts Team"], ''Washington Monthly''March 27, November, 19992001.</ref> Callahan also noted that although the extent to which conservative think tanks rely on corporate funding support varies widely, CEI and the [[American Enterprise Institute]] "have two of the highest levels of corporate support, with both getting roughly 40 percent of their 1996 revenues from corporations."<ref name ="Callahan"/>

On October 29, 1999, CEI and [[Consumer Alert]] submitted comments opposing a proposed rule by Prior to the Bureau of Alcoholprogram's air date in July, Tobacco and Firearms banning makers several California parents of alcoholic beverages from labeling their products children interviewed by Stossel filed a complaint with statements ABC, stating that they had been misled about the alleged benefits nature of "moderate consumption" of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,02459.cfm "Benefits of Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Get Their Day in Court"], Competitive Enterprise Institute, June 11, 2001.</ref> In March 2001, CEI joined other similar think tanks the program and experts for hire (including the [[American Council on Science and Health]], [[Steven Jtypes of leading questions their kids would be asked. MilloySeattle teacher John Borowski also reported being approached]], by ABC producer [[Dennis AveryTed Balaker]], [[Consumer Alert]] and the [[National Council who attempted to trick him into appearing on Public Policy Research]]) in an open letter criticizing Starbucks for its decision to serve milk products only from cows not treated camera by claiming that he was making a documentary about Earth Day, while denying that he was working with genetically-engineered bovine growth hormone."Your action is unfounded, Stossel and harms consumers and the environment," they statedSanera.<ref>Cheryl Seal, [http://lists.ifas.ufldemocrats.educom/cgi-bin/waview.execfm?A2id=ind0103&L=sanet-mg&P=29925 2648 "Consumer Groups Protest Starbucks Decision Not Scared Green: How John Stossel, ABC, Rightwing Think Tanks and the Chemical Industry Are Colluding to Serve Milk From Growth-Hormone Supplemented CowsTrash Environmental Education"], Media Release''Democrats.com'', March 20May 13, 2001.</ref>

CEI has also worked to cultivate a relationship with [[John Stossel]], the controversial correspondent for 's commentaries frequently appeared in media venues such as ABC-TV's 20/20 program. When Stossel came under fire in August 2000 for , [[http://www.ewg.org/pub/home/reports/givemeafake/home.html citing nonexistent scientific studiesAmerican Spectator]] on a 20/20 segment bashing organic foods, CEI set up a [http://www.savejohnstossel.org/ "Save John Stossel" website] to help him keep his job.<ref>[http://www.cei.org/gencon/003''Christian Science Monitor'', ''Consumers' Research'',02543.cfm "More Than 1''Crossfire'',200 Sign Petition Supporting Stossel"]''Forbes'', Competitive Enterprise Institute''Good Morning America'', August 22''Larry King Live'', 2000.<''MacNeil/ref> Stossel returned the favor the following year by working with Michael Sanera to put together a program titled "Tampering With Nature" that focused on attacking environmental education. In March 2001Lehrer News Hour'', Moneyline, New York Times, [[Policy Review]], a pesticide industry front group known as [[Responsible Industry for a Sound EnvironmentPBS]] (RISE) sent out an action alert memorandum to its members. "Mr. Sanera has been contacted by ABC News," the memo stated." A producer for John Stossel is working on a program on environmental education. He needs examples of kids who have been 'scared green' by schools teaching doomsday environmentalism in the classroom. ... He has some examplesReader's Digest'', but needs more. Would you send out a notice to your group and ask if they know of some examples. Then contact Mr. Sanera ... Let's try to help Mr. Stossel. He treats industry fairly in his programs."<ref>[http://www.great-lakes.net/lists/enviro-mich/2001-04/msg00000.html 'Message from Allen James to RISE Members Alerts Team"]USA Today'', March 27''Wall Street Journal'', 2001''Washington Post'' and [[Washington Times]].</ref>

Apparently neither Stossel nor CEI applied similar standards of fairness toward ==News and Controversies=====Influence on Trump's Climate Change Policy===Government emails obtained through a public records request in 2019 revealed the ways in which climate change denialist groups greatly influenced policy during the schoolteachers and students they interviewedTrump presidency. Prior to Myron Ebell, who served as the programdirector of CEI's air date Center for Energy and Environment before retiring in Julylate 2023, several California parents of children interviewed was appointed by Stossel filed a complaint with ABC, stating that they had been misled about Trump in 2016 to lead the nature of transition team for the program EPA and was instrumental in the types elimination of leading questions their kids would be askedObama-era climate change policies. According to ''The New York Times'', "Mr. Seattle teacher John Borowski also reported being approached] by ABC producer Ebell's group [[Ted Balaker]CEI]weighed in at a critical juncture in the policymaking process, who attempted " influencing Trump to trick him into appearing on camera by claiming that he was making a documentary about Earth Day, while denying that he was working with Stossel roll back emissions standards and Sanerafreeze fuel economy standards for cars.<ref>Cheryl SealHiroko Tabuchi, [httphttps://democratswww.nytimes.com/view2019/07/02/climate/climate-deniers-auto-emissions-rollback.cfm?id=2648 html "Scared Green: How John Stossel, ABC, Rightwing Think Tanks and Climate Change Denialists Dubbed Auto Makers the Chemical Industry Are Colluding to Trash Environmental Education'Opposition' in Fight Over Trump's Emissions Rollback"], ''Democrats.comThe New York Times'', May 13July 2, 20012019.</ref>

===Corporate and Industry Sponsors of CEI's commentaries frequently appear 35th Anniversary Event===In 2019, CEI held a Game of Thrones-themed dinner event in media venues such as ABCcommemoration of the organization's 35th anniversary. A program, obtained by ''The New York Times'', reveals the event's 20/20sponsors. This included Marathon Petroleum, American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, Credit Union National Association, the [[American SpectatorHeritage Foundation]], ''Christian Science Monitor''T-Mobile, Amazon, American Beverage Association, Distilled Spirits Council, Juul, ''Consumers' Research''NCTA - the Internet and Television Association, ''Crossfire''Verizon, ''Forbes''the [[Charles Koch Institute]], ''Good Morning Motion Picture Association of America'', ''Larry King Live'', ''MacNeil/Lehrer News Hour''National Association of Broadcasters, MoneylinePhilip Morris International, New York TimesUber, [[Policy ReviewAmericans for Prosperity Foundation]], [[PBSAtlas Society]], ''Reader's Digest''AT&T, ''USA Today''[[DonorsTrust]], ''Wall Street Journal''Union Pacific Corporation, ''Washington Post'' and others.<ref>Competitive Enterprise Institute, [[Washington Times]https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/1366-cei-gala-program/1438e537f20a04a672f6/optimized/full.pdf 35th Anniversary Dinner and Reception], Competitive Enterprise Institute, accessed April 19, 2024.</ref>

{{Template===Anti-Obamacare Lawsuits===Reporting by ''Mother Jones'' in 2015 found that CEI had been the "driving force" behind two high-profile anti-Obamacare lawsuits:AntiEnvironmentalArchives}}''King v. Burwell'' and ''Halbig v. Burwell.'' CEI lawyers recruited the four plaintiffs in ''King v. Burwell'', as well as funded the litigation. Had the Supreme Court ruled in the plaintiffs favor, consequences would have included an increase in premiums by 35% or more, as well as a loss of health coverage for potentially more than 8 million people. <ref>Stephanie Mencimer, [https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/02/competitive-enterprise-institute-king-burwell-obamacare-pharma/ "Why Is Big Pharma Financing a Conservative Group Trying to Destroy Obamacare?"], ''Mother Jones'', February 18, 2015.</ref>

==Alliances=Participation in 2015 Coal and Investment Leadership Forum===CEI belongs to various conservative alliances, including the Senior Fellow [[Alliance for AmericaChristopher C. Horner|Chris Horner]]was featured as a speaker at the 2015 Coal and Investment Leadership Forum, an invitation-only retreat that brought together coal industry executives, Republican donors, and other "stakeholders," according to an invitation obtained by the Center for Media and Democracy and reported on by ''The Guardian''. Others named in the 2015 invitation included [[Get Government Off Our BacksJeb Bush]], [[Townhall.comTennessee Valley Authority]]president Bill Johns, and "the owners and chief executives of coal mining and energy companies" including [[National Consumer CoalitionAlliance Resource Partners]] (a pro-corporate front group headed by , [[Frances B. SmithAlpha Natural Resources]], the wife of CEI founder [[Fred SmithConsol Energy]]), and the [[Environmental Education Working GroupDrummond Company]] (EEWG), a national umbrella group for organizations working to undermine environmental education in schools. It is linked to the UK-based rightwing think tank, the [[International Policy NetworkArch Coal]], via shared staff and an identical US contact address[[United Coal Company]]. It also sponsors several other subsidiary organizations<ref name="goldenberg coal forum">Suzanne Goldenberg, including[http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/29/jeb-bush-closed-door-meeting-coal-industry-barons Jeb Bush cozies up to coal industry barons at closed-door meeting]," ''The Guardian'', May 29, 2015.</ref>

*The ===Mountaintop Removal===In January 2011, William Yeatman, an energy policy analyst with the the Competitive Enterprise Institute, charged that the [[Center for Private ConservationEnvironmental Protection Agency]], 's (EPA) revocation of a permit for a green-sounding front group that opposes environmental regulations by claiming that "free market" solutions work better.*The West Virginia [[Cooler Heads Coalitionmountaintop removal]], chaired by former CEI director mining operation - [[Marlo LewisSpruce 1 Mine]] - "would trade jobs for protection of an insect that lives for a day and directed by isn't even an endangered species."<ref>Edward Flattau, [[Myron Ebell]http://www.huffingtonpost.com/edward-flattau/corporate-hyperbole_b_811938.html "Corporate Hyperbole"]HuffPo, Jan. 21, CEI's Director of Global Warming and International Environmental Policy2011. </ref> The Cooler Heads Coalition was formed on May 6EPA, 1997however, "to dispel did not veto the myths permit because of global warming by exposing flawed economic, scientific and risk analysis." In March 2001a bug, but because the nonprofit Clean Air Trust named Ebell its operation would have "clean air villain buried more than six miles of the month,high-quality streams" citing his and "ferocious lobbying charge to persuade President Bush to reverse his campaign pledge to control electric utility emissions of carbon dioxide.polluted downstream waters as a result,"*with inadequate mitigations offered by petitioner [[Michael SaneraArch Coal]]'s .<ref name=ct>Ken Ward Jr., [[Center for Environmental Education Research]http://blogs.wvgazette.com/coaltattoo/2011/01/13/breaking-news-epa-vetoes-spruce-mine-permit/ "Breaking news: EPA vetoes Spruce Mine permit"]Coal Tattoo, based in WashingtonJan. 13, D.C2011.</ref>

== Personnel =CEI's "Competitive Allies"===An undated CEI report, uploaded to the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library in 2007, includes a list of companies and foundations as those who made annual contributions of $10,000 or more. These contributors include the [[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]], [[Carthage Foundation]], [[Coca-Cola Company]], CSX Corporation, Ford Motor Company Fund, [[Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation]], [[David H. Koch Charitable Foundation]], [[Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation]], [[Philip Morris]] Companies, [[Pfizer Inc.]], [[Prince Foundation]], [[Rodney Fund]], [[Sarah Scaife Foundation]], Texaco, Texaco Foundation, and others.<ref>Competitive Enterprise Institute, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070710002208/http://ltdlimages.library.ucsf.edu/imagesj/j/o/t/jot72e00/Sjot72e00.pdf Competitive Enterprise Institute Report], accessed April 18, 2024.</ref>

===2006 Ad Campaign===Between May 18 and 28 of 2006, CEI employs approximately 40 office people's aired two television ads in 14 cities. These ads promoted carbon dioxide as a positive factor in the environment, including support staff and as well as argued that global warming was not a concern. One ad asserted that CO2 was misrepresented as a pollutant, stating that "it’s essential to life. We breathe it out. Plants breathe it in-house and adjunct policy analysts. .. They call it pollution. We call it life."<ref name=factcheck/> The personnel list is so extensive it has been shifted other stated that the world's glaciers are "growing, not melting... getting thicker, not thinner."<ref name=factcheck>Justin Bank, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090204105107/http://www.factcheck.org/article395.html "Scientist to CEI: You Used My Research to 'Confuse and Mislead'"], ''FactCheck''[[Competitive Enterprise Institute, May 26, 2006.</Personnel]]ref> Both ads cited ''Science'' articles as evidence. However, the editor for ''Science''stated that the ad "misrepresents the conclusions of the two cited Science papers... by selective referencing". The author of the articles, Curt Davis, director of the Center for Geospatial Intelligence at the University of Missouri-Columbia, said CEI was deliberately misrepresenting his previous research. "These television ads are a deliberate effort to confuse and mislead the public about the global warming debate," Davis said.<ref>News Bureau, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060614174758/http://munews.missouri.edu/NewsBureauSingleNews.cfm?newsid=9842 "MU Professor Refutes National Television Ads Downplaying Global Warming"], University of Missouri-Columbia, May 19, 2006.</ref>

== Funding ==Sponsors of CEI's Annual Dinner in 2005===In a 2006 profile of CEI and other global warming skeptics, ''Washington Post'' reporter Joel Achenbach noted that "the most generous sponsors" of CEI's Budget===2005 annual dinner were "the [[Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers]], [[Exxon Mobil]], the [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]], and [[Pfizer]]. Other contributors included [[General Motors]], the [[American Petroleum Institute]], the [[American Plastics Council]], the [[Chlorine Chemistry Council]] and [[Arch Coal]]."<ref>Joel Achenbach, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/2006/05/28/the-tempest/6685b49f-5ac6-4ef3-b8b0-21a46a1b1cae/ ''The Tempest''], ''The Washington Post'', May 27, 2006.</ref>

Since 1991===Opposition to the First National Climate Assessment===Published in 2000, CEIthe First National Climate Assessment was the earliest assessment produced as part of the US federal government's budget has grown from less than $1 million to over $ 4 millioninitiative on climate change science." David Callahan also noted In October of that although year, CEI filed a lawsuit against the federal government with Senator James Inhofe as a co-plaintiff. The suit alleged procedural issues in the extent to which conservative think tanks rely on corporate funding support varies widelyreport's preparation, CEI and demanded that the court block the report's production or utilization. It was ultimately settled when the [[American Enterprise Institute]] "have two of Bush administration admitted that the highest levels of corporate supportNational Assessment was a government report, with both getting roughly 40 percent of their 1996 revenues from corporationsand not official policy.<ref name="earthlast" [http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/1999/9911.callahan.think.html]>

In its IRS Form 990 However, the passage of the Data Quality Act created a new means for parties to submit complains over the fiscal year ending September 30scientific quality of government information. As a result, 2004CEI filed the very first suit under the Data Quality Act in 2003, demanding a stop to the National Assessment's dissemination by the government. The White House settled with CEI reported revenues totalling $2,919once again,537 almost all of which were resulting in the form administration's discontinued use of contributions the key findings and results from unspecified sourcesthe National Assessment in its strategic plan on climate change. Its net assets were $1<ref name="earthlast">Chris Mooney,670,808. [httphttps://wwwweb.guidestararchive.org/FinDocumentsweb/20040607071234/http:/2004/521www.prospect.org/351web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewPrint&articleId=7603 "Earth Last"], ''The American Prospect'', May 4, 2004-521351785-1-9.pdf] (Pdf)</ref>

===Senior Staff Salaries=Ties to the Bradley Foundation==Salaries Between 2000 and 2021, the [[Lynde and benefits Harry Bradley Foundation]] donated $3,265,000 to the Competitive Enterprise Institute. CEI board member Roger Ream was awarded a Bradley Prize Bradley Foundation in 2021 which, according to its top employees the Bradley Foundation website, is awarded for a recipient's "contributions to the year belief that individual liberty, limited government, and economic freedom lead to September 30greater opportunity, prosperity, and quality of life."<ref>Lynde & Harry Bradley Foundation, 2004 were reported as follows[https://www.bradleyfdn.org/prizes/recipients Bradley Prize Recipients], organizational website, accessed April 18, 2024.</ref>

*[[Fred Smith|Fred L. Smith]], president, $175,000*[[Marlo Lewis]], Senior Fellow, $100,000*[[Sam Kazman]], general counsel, $98,000*[[Jody MBradley detailed the grants in internal documents examined by the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD). Clarke]], Vice President, $85,000*[[Myron Ebell]], Director Below is a description of Global Warminggrants distributed between 2013-2015, $82as prepared by CMD,000*[[Martha Hutto]], Vice President, $80,000*[[Angela Logomasini]], Director of Risk & Environment, $67,000*[[Emily Cwith quoted text written by Bradley staff. Duke]], Vice President, $65,000*[[Iain Murray]], Global Warming Policy, $65,000*[[Clyde Wayne Crews]], director, competition & regulatory policy, $54,5000. [http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2004/521/351/2004-521351785-1-9.pdf] (Pdf)

==='''2015: $200,000''' to support general operations and litigation. Emphasis of work will be on energy and the environment. CEI's Foundation Funders===Center for Energy and the Environment is "working closely with Bradley supported conservative think tanks and the Bradley supported American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) on public education about energy and the environment." CEI's "work on energy and the environment in particular is helping to expose and cut back onerous federal regulations that choke economic growth and prosperity." CEI's litigation agenda "includes a reinvigorated challenge to Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and other cases in areas ranging from government transparency to climate science." ''Media Transparency'2014: $150,000'' lists ' to support general operations and litigation. The grant request notes that the support of general operations is "with an emphasis on its work on energy and environment. This grant is separate and apart from that for CEI as receiving a total of $4's litigation efforts… Among other things,296,645 (unadjusted CEI's) Center for inflation) Energy and Environment is also working closely with Bradley supported conservative state think tanks and the Bradley supported American Legislative Exchange Council on public education about the likely economic and other effects of the proposed XL pipeline and the repeal of renewable energy standards in 123 grants from a range Kansas, Ohio and North Carolina. It aggressively used the Freedom of Information Act process to expose the collusion between officials of foundations the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and green and global warming alarmist groups. As well, including their attempt to rely on the federal Endangered Species Act to stymie energy development." CEI's litigation program included challenges to Dodd Frank, the CPA and the Affordable Care Act, which Bradley called "ambitiously creative." '''2013: $200,000''' to support general operations and Dodd Frank Litigation. "In 2014 CEI will expand its reach in the period 1985 areas of energy, environment, labor and finance." CEI was working to "expose" President Obama's "war on coal" and efforts to build a carbon tax. CEI also focused on public sector collective bargaining and its Center for Advancing Capitalism advocates for economic policies "compatible" with "liberty, security and fairness…A moral case for capitalism will be promoted through the Center's narrative on the relationship between labor and finance." CEI filed a challenge to 2004Dodd Frank in 2012 with the 60 Plus Association and State National Bank of Big Spring, Texas. [http://wwwCEI wants to expand its Strategic Litigation Program, currently (2013) it supports 6 businesses and individuals who have challenged the ACA's mandate and it uses FOIA's to "expose" the EPA, and has other local and state court suits related to global warming.mediatransparencyThe two year budget for the Dodd Frank litigation was $2.org/recipientgrants5 million, most of which spent on the retained outside counsel.php?81]

{{Bradley}}==Funding==Competitive Enterprise Institute is not required to disclose its donors, but some of its funding sources are known through the IRS filings of other organizations. CEI's known funders include:* Achelis and Bodman Foundation: $50,000 (2021)*[[Armstrong Adolph Coors Foundation]]: $50,000 (2020)* American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers: $170,000 (2015-2021)* American Gaming Association: $50,000 (2016-2017)* Armstrong Foundation: $160,500 (2015-2022)*[[Barre Seid FoundationAtlas Network]]: $5,000 (2020)*[[Castle Rock Bader Family Foundation]]: $517,700 (2015-2022)*[[Carthage Barbee Family Foundation: $15,000 (2020-2022)* Bartley J Madden Foundation: $120,000 (2016-2020)* Beach Foundation: $75,000 (2020-2022)* Beth and Ravenel Curry Foundation]] : $200,000 (2020-2022)* Biotechnology Innovation Organization: $10,000 (2014)* [[Scaife FoundationsBradley Impact Fund]]: $439,000 (2014-2022)* Charles F De Ganahl Family Foundation: $12,000 (2019-2022)*[[Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation]] : $301,680 (2014-2021)* [[Charles Koch Family FoundationsInstitute]]: $93,020 (2014-2021)* Chase Foundation of Virginia: $1,950,000 (2014-2022)* Claws Foundation: $690,000 (2015-2020)* Consumer Technology Association: $15,000 (2016)*[[Claude R. Lambe Charitable Diana Davis Spencer Foundation]] : $725,000 (Koch Family Foundations2014-2020) * Distilled Spirits Council of the United States: $107,500 (2014-2021)*[[David H. Koch Charitable FoundationDonorsTrust]] : $8,487,550 (Koch Family Foundations2014-2022)*[[Earhart Dunn Foundation]]: $750,000 (2016-2022)*[[Gordon and Mary Cain Ed Uihlein Family Foundation]]: $15,000 (2022)*Elizabeth Ring Mather and William Gwinn Mather Fund: $20,000 (2019-2022)* ExxonMobil Corporate Giving: $490,000 (1998-2005)<ref name="exxonsecrets">ExxonSecrets, [[Jacqueline Hume https://web.archive.org/web/20210613175354/https://exxonsecrets.org/html/orgfactsheet.php?id%3D2 Factsheet: Competitive Enterprise Institute, CEI], GreenPeace, accessed April 18, 2024.</ref>* ExxonMobil Foundation: $1,515,000 (2000-2005)<ref name="exxonsecrets"/>* Fidelity Investments Charitable Gift Fund: $66,025 (2017-2018)* Freedom and Justice Foundation: $130,000 (2019-2022)* Holman Foundation: $240,000 (2014-2022)* J.P. Humphreys Foundation: $400,000 (2019-2022)* Jaquish & Kenninger Foundation]]: $150,000 (2017-2019)*[[JM John J Pohanka Family Foundation]]: $400,000 (2019-2022)*[[John M. Olin Templeton Foundation]]: $15,000 (2017)*[[John Templeton William Pope Foundation]]: $245,000 (2019-2021)* Luddy Charitable Foundation: $15,000 (2017)*[[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]]: $3,265,000 (2000-2021) * Morgan Stanley Global Impact Funding Trust: $17,500 (2016-2022)* Motion Picture Association: $130,000 (2015-2019)*[[Philip M. McKenna Foundation, Incmywireless.org]]: $15,000 (2022)*[[Randolph NCTA The Internet & Television Association: $103,984 (2014-2022) * National Association of Broadcasters: $130,000 (2014-2022)* National Automobile Dealers Association: $18,000 (2020-2022) * National Philanthropic Trust: $1,836,500 (2014-2021)* National Restaurant Association: $65,000 (2016-2017) * Network For Good: $307,698 (2015-2018)* North American Region of the Airports Council International: $7,500 (2019)* Offerdahl Family Foundation]]: $6,500 (2022)* Personal Care Products Council: $5,500 (2014)*[[Rodney Fund]]Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America: $295,000 (2014-2022)*[[Roe Foundation]]: $20,000 (2020)*[[Sarah Scaife Foundation]] : $3,705,000 (2014-2022) * Sayers Foundation: $35,000 (Scaife Foundations2016-2022)* Schwab Charitable Fund: $145,250 (2014-2019)*[[Scaife Family FoundationsSearle Freedom Trust]]: $4,565,000 (2014-2022)* Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association: $35,000 (2017-2018)*[[Shelby Cullom Davis FoundationThe 85 Fund]]: $250,000 (2020)* The Dabney Point Fund: $10,000 (2016)* The David Herro Charitable Foundation: $250,000 (2018-2020)* The Doherty Foundation: $5,000 (2022)* The Seattle Foundation: $30,500 (2018-2021)* The Steve & Lana Hardy Foundation: $175,000 (2016-2022)* Vanguard Charitable Endowment Program: $2,303,000 (2020-2021)*[[William H. Donner Foundation]]: $43,948 (2020-2021)* Winston Salem Foundation: $300,000 (2020-2022)* Woodhouse Family Foundation: $58,500 (2014-2022)

===Other =Tobacco Industry Funding Sources====A list of documents about contributions and support from tobacco companies to CEI:* 1991: $10,000 donation to CEI from Philip Morris (PM)<ref>Unknown, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/docs/szjv0067 Unknown], Philip Morris, 1991.</ref>* 1993: Letter from [[Fred Smith]] of CEI to [[Thomas Borelli]] at PM thanking PM for support.<ref>Fred Smith, [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zkh36e00 Letter to Thomas Borelli, Director of Scientific Affairs, Philip Morris Management Corporation]], Competitive Enterprise Institute, February 9, 1993.</ref>* 1994: Letter from Fred Smith thanking the PM Director of Scientific Affairs for a $50,000 contribution made the previous year.<ref>Fred Smith, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=htxk0114 Letter to Thomas Borelli, Director of Scientific Affairs, Philip Morris Management Corporation], Competitive Enterprise Institute, May 11, 1994.</ref> PM gives CEI a $25,000 grant.<ref>Thomas Borelli, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=ztxk0114 Letter to Fred Smith], Philip Morris, July 27, 1994.</ref>* 1995: PM gives $200,000 grant to CEI for "general operating support"<ref>Jeanine Lai, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=hnbj0061 1995 Commitments], Philip Morris, November 30, 1995.</ref>; PM gives an additional $10,000 to CEI.<ref>Unknown, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=tgyb0083 SET SWOT Analysis], Philip Morris, October 1994.</ref>* 1997: PM gives $120,000 to CEI.<ref>Unknown, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=tpyh0073 1997 Policy Payments for Slavit], Philip Morris, 1997.</ref>* 1998: PM paid CEI $25,000.<ref>Unknown, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=xhdn0073 1998 Public Policy Contributions], Philip Morris, December 17, 1998.</ref> An activity report by Beverly McKittrick of PM states, "Worked on plan for mobilization of third--party conservative groups. Met with CSE, ATRA, Chamber of Commerce,Frontiers of Freedom, and Competitive Enterprise Institute."<ref> Beverly McKittrick, [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zeq75c00 Bullets - B. McKittrick], Philip Morris, 1998.</ref>* 1999: PM paid CEI $5,000.<ref>Unknown, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=zznn0073 1999 Public Policy Contributions], Philip Morris, May 3, 1999.</ref> PM also budgeted $25,000 for CEI.<ref>Unknown, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=yxdn0073 Public Policy Grants 1999 Proposed Budget], Philip Morris, 1999.</ref> An activity report of PM's Thomas Borelli states, "Secured policy group committee funding to support the Competitive Enterprise Institute dinner."<ref>Thomas Borelli, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=kqwx0066 Weekly Activity Report for Issues Management - 3/29 - 4/1], Philip Morris, April 1, 1999.</ref>* Undated Brown & Williamson (BW) document listing pro-business organizations to which BW contributes, totaling $325,000. CEI is included on the list.<ref>Unknown, [https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/#id=pykh0137 Government Affairs], Brown & Williamson, undated.</ref>

The [[Capital Research Center]] (CRC) formerly had a profile on CEI in its database on non-profit groups which listed corporate foundations and other groups not identified by Media Transparency. ==Core Financials=='''<big>2022</big>'''<ref name="2022 990">Competitive Enterprise Institute, [httphttps://www.capitalresearchdocumentcloud.org/searchdocuments/orgdisplay.asp?Org=CEI20024575329-competitive-enterprise-institute-2022-990 2022 IRS Form 990] However, since its profile was linked to this page in 2004organizational tax filing, February 29, the profile on CEI has been removed from the database2024.</ref>* Total Revenue: $10,125,447* Total Expenses: $8,429,275* Net Assets: $5,608,562

CEI does not publish a list of its institutional donors. However'''<big>2021</big>'''<ref name="2021 990">Competitive Enterprise Institute, in a CEI report sent to [[Philip Morris]], the think tank identified a range of companies and foundations as having given $10,000 or more. [httphttps://legacywww.librarydocumentcloud.ucsforg/documents/24213622-competitive-enterprise-institute-2021-990 2021 IRS Form 990], organizational tax filing, April 7, 2023.edu</cgi/getdoc?tid=jot72e00&fmt=pdf&ref=results] Contributors included>* Total Revenue: $7,758,776* Total Expenses: $6,681,965* Net Assets:$3,547,608

*Aequus '''<big>2020</big>'''<ref name="2020 990">Competitive Enterprise Institute*Amoco Foundation, Inc[https://www.documentcloud.*[[Cocaorg/documents/24213623-competitive-enterprise-institute-2020-Cola Company]990 2020 IRS Form 990], contributions were $25organizational tax filing, April 5,000 per annum for the period 1991-1995;*[[E2022.L. Craig Foundation]]</ref>*CSX CorporationTotal Revenue: $6,735,306*Fieldstead and Co.Total Expenses: $6,582,265*FMC Foundation*Ford Motor Company Fund*[[Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation]]*[[Philip Morris]] CompaniesNet Assets: $2, Inc.*[[Pfizer Inc.]]*Precision Valve Corporation*[[Prince Foundation]]*Sheldon Rose*[[Texaco]]470, Inc.*Texaco Foundation*Alex C. Walker Foundation797

In a 2006 profile of CEI and other global warming skeptics, ''Washington Post'<big>2019</big>' reporter Joel Achenbach noted that "the most generous sponsors''<ref name=" of CEI's 2005 annual dinner were 2019 990"the [[Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers]], [[Exxon Mobil]], the [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]], and [[Pfizer]]. Other contributors included [[General Motors]], the [[American Petroleum >Competitive Enterprise Institute]], the [[American Plastics Council]], the [[Chlorine Chemistry Council]] and [[Arch Coal]]." [httphttps://www.washingtonpostdocumentcloud.comorg/documents/wp24213626-competitive-enterprise-institute-2019-dyn990 2019 IRS Form 990], organizational tax filing, February 16, 2021.</content/article/2006/05/23/AR2006052301305_4.html]ref>* Total Revenue: $7,118,816* Total Revenue: $6,805,470* Total Expenses: $6,170,171* Net Assets: $2,317,765

'''<big>2018</big>'''<ref name====Tobacco Industry Funding===="2018 990">Competitive Enterprise Institute, [https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24213627-competitive-enterprise-institute-2018-990 2018 IRS Form 990], organizational tax filing, August 12, 2020.</ref>* Total Revenue: $7,118,816* Total Expenses: $6,213,282A listing of documents specifically about contributions and support from tobacco companies to CEI* Net Assets:$1,682,457

* 1991 - $10,000 donation to CEI from Philip Morris (PM) [http:'''<big>2017<//legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/tgs57c00]* Feb. 9, 1993 - letter from [[Fred Smith]] of CEI to [[Thomas Borelli]] at PM thanking PM for support.[http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zkh36e00]* 1995: PM gives $200,000 grant to CEI for big>'''<ref name="general operating support2017 990" [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ypy36c00] * 1995 : PM gives another $10>Competitive Enterprise Institute,000 to CEI [httphttps://legacy.librarywww.ucsfdocumentcloud.eduorg/tiddocuments/glq18d00] * 1997: PM gives $120,000 to CEI [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qwi82c00] * 1998 PM Public Policy Contributions list. Says PM paid CEI $25,000 via check no. 390006 [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fwo83c00] *(Non24213629-competitive-enterprise-financial item) 1998: Activity Report of [[Beverly McKittrick]] of PM states, "Worked on plan for mobilization of thirdinstitute-2017-party conservative groups. Met with CSE990 2017 IRS Form 990], ATRAorganizational tax filing, Chamber of Commerce,Frontiers of FreedomJuly 9, and Competitive Enterprise Institute." [http://legacy.library.ucsf2019.edu/tid</zeq75c00]ref>* 1999 Public Policy Contributions (PM)Total Revenue: $56,397,000 paid via check No. 20601 [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dzs83c00] 876* 1999 Activity report of PM's Thomas Borelli statesTotal Expenses: "Secured policy group committee funding to support the Competitive Enterprise Institute dinner" [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lut55c00]* Undated Brown & Williamson document listing pro-business organizations BW contributes to. CEI is on the list: [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zkk33f00] (see top of page 5$6, "Policy Organizations :Total $325797,000")063* In 1999 PM budgeted Net Assets: $25776,000 for CEI: [http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bxo83c00]923

'''<big>2016</big>'''<ref name===Core Financials==="2016 990">Competitive Enterprise Institute, [https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24575706-competitive-enterprise-institute-2016-990 2016 IRS Form 990], organizational tax filing, March 20, 2018.</ref>* Total Revenue: $7,287,515* Total Expenses: $8,354,004* Net Assets: $1,176,126

* Total Revenue: $67,903703,266763* Total Expenses: $7117,811,133* Net Assets: $2,242,685 585

==Environmental IssuesPersonnel== ===Participation in Coal and Investment Leadership ForumStaff===As of April 2024:<ref name="staff"/>* Matthew Adams, Senior Government Affairs and Coalitions ManagerCEI * Daren Bakst, Director of the Center for Energy & Environment and Senior Fellow [[Christopher C. Horner|Chris Horner]] was * Nicole Bayhurst, Executive Assistant to be featured as a speaker at the 2015 Coal President* John Berlau, Director of Finance Policy and Investment Leadership ForumSenior Fellow* James Broughel, an invitation-only retreat that brings together coal industry executivesSenior Fellow* Heather Browning, Republican donorsVice President of Philanthropy* Travis Burk, and other "stakeholdersVice President of Communications* Clyde Wayne Crews," according to an invitation obtained by the Center for Media and Democracy and reported on by ''The Guardian''Fred L. Others named Smith Fellow in the 2015 invitation included likely presidential candidate [[Jeb Bush]]Regulatory Studies* Carrie Diamond, Vice President for Administration* Bob DiCostanzo, [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] president Bill JohnsMajor Gifts Officer* Cibeles Duran, Marketing and "the owners and chief executives Development Writer* Amanda France, Director of Events* Phoebe Gersten, Senior Digital Marketing Manager* Rick Gowdy, Major Gifts Officer* Dan Greenberg, General Counsel* Christine Hall, Director of coalmining and energy companies" including [[Alliance Resource Partners]]Communications* Anthony Harris, Sales Force Administrator* Sharon Higel, Communications Media Associate* Sean Higgins, [[Alpha Natural Resources]]Research Fellow* Nicole Hoegler, [[Consol Energy]]Events Manager* Ryan Kracinski, [[Drummond Company]]Digital Media Associate* Paige Lambermont, [[Arch Coal]]Research Fellow* Kent Lassman, President and [[United Coal Company]]CEO* Marlo Lewis, Jr.<ref name="goldenberg coal forum">Suzanne Goldenberg, "[http://wwwSenior Fellow* Ben Lieberman, Senior Fellow* Jeremy Lott, Managing Editor* Ryan Lynch, Senior IT Director* David S.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/may/29/jeb-bush-closed-door-meeting-coal-industry-barons Jeb Bush cozies up to coal industry barons at closed-door meeting]McFadden, Attorney* Jessica Melugin, Director of the Center for Technology & Innovation* Richard Morrison, Senior Fellow* Iain Murray, Vice President for Strategy and Senior Fellow* Patricia Patnode, Research Fellow* Alex Reinauer, Research Fellow* Scooter Schaefer, Senior Director of Marketing* Ryan Smith, Editor* Veronica Sturdivant, Receptionist* Stone Washington," ''The Guardian''Research Fellow* Devin Watkins, May 29Attorney* Ryan Young, 2015.</ref> According to ''The Guardian''Senior Economist* Joel Zinberg,Senior Fellow

:===Former Staff===* Hans Bader, Senior Attorney* Frank Bednarz, Attorney * Annie Dwyer, Vice President Of Communications * Myron Ebell, Director, Center For Energy And Environment * Ted Frank, Director Of Litigation And Senior Attorney, Director Of The invitations to the three-day forum promise access to influential figures – including a potential future occupant of the White House – in a relaxed settingCenter For Class Action Fairness* Laurel Heiskell Macleod, with time for cocktailsVice President Of Philanthropy* Melissa A. Holyoak, golf lessonsSenior Attorney* Christopher C. Horner, Senior Fellow* Jennifer Jones, Director Of Data Systems* Sam Kazman, General Counsel* Trey Kovacs, Policy Analyst * Angela Logomasini, Senior Fellow* Daniela Lozano, Manager, Foundation And Policy Grants* Michelle Minton, Senior Fellow* Ivan Osorio, Editorial Director* Daniel Press, Policy Analyst* Ryan Radia, Research Fellow and fishingRegulatory Counsel* Adam Schulman, Attorney* Marc Scribner, Senior Fellow* Fred L. Smith, Jr., Founder, Director Of Center For Advancing Capitalism* Robert J. The $7Smith,500 fee does not include lodgingDistinguished Fellow* Anna St.John, Attorney* Andy Yuan, Philanthropy Associate

===Board of Directors===As of April 2024:<ref name="Once againstaff">Competitive Enterprise Institute, significant time will also be available for golf[https://cei.org/about/team/ Our Team], fly fishingorganizational website, one-on-one meetings and small VIP discussion groupsaccessed April 18, which is the hallmark of this conference," the invitation reads2024.</ref name="goldenberg coal forum"/>* Roger Ream* Sarah Atkins* Kristina Crane* Michael S. Greve* Kent Lassman* Dana Modzelewski* Geoffrey Pohanka* Fred L. Smith, Jr., Chairman Emeritus* Richard Tren* Todd Zywicki

===Global WarmingExperts===In 2015, CEI was announced as a co-sponsor As of the premier of [[Climate Hustle]]April 2024:<ref name="staff"/>* Daren Bakst* John Berlau* James Broughel* Clyde Wayne Crews* Dan Greenberg* Sean Higgins* Sam Kazman* Paige Lambermont* Kent Lassman* Marlo Lewis, a global warming denial documentary featuring [[Marc Morano]]Jr.* Ben Lieberman* Jeremy Lott* David S. The movie's premier was scheduled in ParisMcFadden* Jessica Melugin* Richard Morrison* Iain Murray* Patricia Patnode* Brian A. Rankin* Alex Reinauer* Fred L. Smith, France, the exact time and setting of the United Nations' global climate negotiationsJr.* Stone Washington* Devin Watkins* Kevin D.Williamson* Ryan Young* Joel Zinberg

==Contact Information=='''For more information, see [[Competitive Enterprise Institute And Global Warming]].'''<br>CEI is an outspoken anthropogenic (human-caused) [[climate change skeptic]] and an opponent of government action that would require limits on [[greenhouse gas]] emissions. It favors free-market environmentalism1310 L Street NW, claiming that market institutions are more effective in protecting the environment than is government In March 19927th floor<br>Washington, CEI’s founder [[Fred Smith]] said of anthropogenic [[climate change]]: "Most of the indications right now are it looks pretty good. Warmer winters, warmer nights, no effects during the day because of clouding, sounds to me like we’re moving to a more benign planet, more rain, richer, easier productivity to agriculture." [http://www.nrdc.org/globalwarming/fcons.asp]DC 20005<br>

In May 2006, CEI's global warming policy activities attracted attention as it embarked upon an ad campaign with two television commercials. These ads promote [[carbon dioxide]] as a positive factor in the environment and argue that global warming is not a concern. One ad focuses on the message that CO2 is misrepresented as a pollutant, stating that "it’s essential to life. We breathe it out. Plants breathe it in... They call it pollution. We call it life."<ref name=factcheck /> The other states that the world's glaciers are "growing, not melting... getting thicker, not thinner."<ref name=factcheck>{{cite web| last = Bank| first = Justin| date = 2006-05-26| url = http://www.factcheck.org/article395.html| title = Scientist to CEI: You Used My Research To "Confuse and Mislead"| publisher = FactCheck.org| accessdate = 2006-05-30}}</ref> The other states that the world's glaciers are "growing, not melting... getting thicker, not thinner." It cites ''Science'' articles to support its claims. However, the editor for Science stated that the ad "misrepresents the conclusions of the two cited Science papers... by selective referencing". The author of the articles, Curt Davis, director of the Center for Geospatial Intelligence at the University of Missouri-Columbia, said CEI was misrepresenting his previous research to inflate their claims. "These television ads are a deliberate effort to confuse and mislead the public about the global warming debate," Davis said.[https://cf.iats.missouri.edu/news/NewsBureauSingleNews.cfm?newsid=9842] Some of CEI's work on global warming policy includesWebsite:* *Participating in (and [http://www.cei.org/gencon/020,05031.cfm reporting on]) the [[UNFCCC]] negotiations in Montreal as an NGO in December 2005.* [http://cei.org/pdf/rowan_cantuar.pdf A letter] to the Archbishop of Canterbury in 2006, after the Archbishop urged Christians to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The CEI wrote that reducing these levels, even in "baby steps," would "result in the deaths of more people in the U.S. than global warming would worldwide."[http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,05235.cfm] * The [[Cooler Heads Coalition]], which operates the website [http://www.globalwarming.org globalwarming.org]. The chairman is [[Myron Ebell]], the Director of Energy and Global Warming Policy at CEI.* In 2010, coincident with CEI's financial ills, the pace of CEI's work on climate change slowed significantly: national advertising campaigns ceased and, through the first half of the year, CEI's only studies on the topic were two [http://wwwwwww.cei.org/publications/studies letters written to regulators.] and a [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/edward-flattau/corporate-hyperbole_b_811938.html disingenuous attack] on mountaintop removal regulation. ===Mountaintop removal===In January 2011, William Yeatman, an energy policy analyst with the the Competitive Enterprise Institute, charged that the [[Environmental Protection Agency]]'s (EPA) revocation of a permit for a West Virginia [[mountaintop removal]] mining operation - [[Spruce 1 Mine]] - "would trade jobs for protection of an insect that lives for a day and isn't even an endangered species."<ref>Edward Flattau, [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/edward-flattau/corporate-hyperbole_b_811938.html "Corporate Hyperbole"] HuffPo, Jan. 21, 2011.</ref> The EPA, however, did not veto the permit because of a bug, but because the operation would have "buried more than six miles of high-quality streams" and "polluted downstream waters as a result," with inadequate mitigations offered by petitioner [[Arch Coal]].<ref name=ct>Ken Ward Jr., [http://blogs.wvgazette.com/coaltattoo/2011/01/13/breaking-news-epa-vetoes-spruce-mine-permit/ "Breaking news: EPA vetoes Spruce Mine permit"] Coal Tattoo, Jan. 13, 2011.</ref> == Case Studies ==*[[Fuel efficiency standards and the laws of physics]]*[[Smoking as a civic duty]]*[[Competitive Enterprise Institute/Competitive Enterprise Institute And Global Warming|The Competitive Enterprise Institute And Global Warming]] == Contact Information ==Competitive Enterprise Institute<br>1001 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1250<br>Washington, DC 20036<br>

FaxEmail: (202) 331-0640info@cei.org<br>Facebook: [https://www.facebook.com/CompetitiveEnterpriseInstitute/ Competitive Enterprise Institute]<br>WebsiteLinkedIn: http[https://www.ceilinkedin.com/company/competitive-enterprise-institute/ Competitive Enterprise Institute]<br>Twitter: [https://twitter.orgcom/ceidotorg?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor @ceidotorg]<br>

===SourcesIRS Form 990 Filings===<referencesdiv class="docframe">'''<p>2022</p>'''<p>{{#widget:Iframe|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24575329-competitive-enterprise-institute-2022-990|width=350|height=250}}</p></div><div class="docframe">'''<p>2021</p>'''<p>{{#widget:Iframe|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24213622-competitive-enterprise-institute-2021-990|width=350|height=250}}</p></div><div class=Related SourceWatch articles"docframe">'''<p>2020</p>'''<p>{{#widget:Iframe|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24213623-competitive-enterprise-institute-2020-990|width=350|height=250}}</p>*[[</div><div class="An Inconvenient Truthdocframe"]]>*[[Smoking as a civic duty]]'''<p>2019</p>'''*[[William A<p>{{#widget:Iframe|url=https://www.documentcloud. Dunn]]org/documents/24213626-competitive-enterprise-institute-2019-990|width=350|height=250}}</p></div><div class="docframe">'''<p>2018</p>'''<p>{{#widget:Iframe|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24213627-competitive-enterprise-institute-2018-990|width=350|height=250}}</p></div><div class="docframe">'''<p>2017</p>'''<p>{{#widget:Iframe|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24213629-competitive-enterprise-institute-2017-990|width=350|height=250}}</p></div><div class="docframe">'''<p>2016</p>'''<p>{{#widget:Iframe|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/24575706-competitive-enterprise-institute-2016-990|width=350|height=250}}</p></div>

*Competitive Enterprise Institute, "[http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ewt22d00 "The Human Cost of Regulation: , Reframing The Debate on Risk Management: A Proposal of The Competitive Enterprise Institute"]", Bates Number: 2047099454/9464Competitive Enterprise Institute, 1994. *F.L. Fred Smith Jr, "[httphttps://legacywww.libraryindustrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tidtobacco/docs/clh36e00 #id=htxk0114 Letter to Dr Thomas J. Borelli, Director of Scientific Affairs, Philip Morris Management Corporation]", Bates Number: 2046558291/8294Competitive Enterprise Institute, May 11, 1994.*"Competitive Enterprise Institute, [httphttps://legacywww.libraryindustrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tidtobacco/docs/oot72e00 #id=qnvh0124 CEI Science Policy: Clips and Highlights: (January 1993 - April 1994)]", Bates Number: 2046558295/8296, May 11, 1994. (Pdf)*F.L. Smith Jr, "[http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/cgi/getdoc?tid=jot72e00&fmt=pdf&ref=results Competitive Enterprise Institute]", Bates Number: 2046558088/8099May 11, March 1994.*Philip Morris, "[httphttps://legacywww.libraryindustrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tidtobacco/docs/qlh36e00 #id=fzxk0114 Invoice and Copy of Cheque to Competitive Enterprise Institute]", Bates Number: 2046557956Philip Morris, July 20, 1994. (Pdf)*T.J.Thomas Borelli, "[httphttps://legacywww.libraryindustrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tidtobacco/docs/plh36e00 #id=ztxk0114 Letter to Fred Smith]", Philip Morris, July 27, 1994. (Pdf)*Fred L. Smith, Jr., "[httphttps://legacywww.libraryindustrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tidtobacco/docs/yzj60d00 #id=zhvf0094 Letter to Ms. [[Maura Payne]], RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company]", Bates Number: 525291068/1069Competitive Enterprise Institute, October 16, 2000. (Pdf)

===General external articlesRelated SourceWatch Articles===*Jeff Jacoby "Feds slow to wake up to alcohol's healthful effects", Op-Ed, ''Boston Globe'', January 9, 1996. (Jacoby was a staff reporter).*[http://www.ewg.org/pub/home/clear/by_clear/ShowMe.html "Show Me the Science."] The [[Clearinghouse for Environmental Education, Advocacy and Research]] (CLEAR) takes a look at a [http://www.nationalcenter.org/ScientistDirectory directory of "environmental experts"] supplied by the CEI and other conservative think tanks. "Despite the claim that the directory is intended to provide a listing of scientists Fuel efficiency standards and economists to counter the prevalence of environmentalist political activists posing as self-appointed experts, over half of the people listed in the directory are described not as 'scientists' or 'economists,' but as 'public policy experts," CLEAR observes. Moreover, "their field laws of 'experts' is so thin that most of them need to 'specialize' in numerous policy fields in order to cover their bases." For example, CEI's [[Ike Suggphysics]] (whose academic credentials consist in their entirety of a bachelor's degree in philosophy and political science) "is listed as an expert in 5 different fields including animal rights, endangered species, innovative environmental solutions, land issues, and wilderness issues."*Michael Dolny, "[http://www.fair.org/extra/9605/tank.html "The Think Tank Spectrum."], ''FAIR/Extra'', May/June 1996. (This report studied the influence of think tanks on the media by doing a Nexis database search of major newspapers and radio and TV transcripts for 1995. It found a strong bias in favor of conservative think tanks like CEI, which were cited 7,792 times in news stories, compared to 6,361 citations for centrist think tanks, and only 1,152 for progressive think tanks.)*Barbara Ruben, "Getting the Wrong Ideas: Conservative Think Tanks," ''Environmental Action Magazine'', Vol. 27, no. 1, March 22, 1995, p. 21. This article provides an excellent overview of the funding, ideology and strategies of CEI and several other leading conservating think tanks in the United States.*Timothy Noah and Laurie McGinley, "Tobacco Industry's Figures on Political Spending Don't Reflect Gifts to Think Tanks, Other Groups," ''Wall Street Journal'', March 25, 1996.*John Canham-Clyne, "Following the Money," ''Public Citizen newsletter'', Fall 1996.*David Helvarg, "[http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/Our-Stolen-Future-Defense.htm Poison Pens:When science fails, try public relations: the chemical industry's attempt to discredit Our Stolen Future]", ''Sierra'', Volume 82, Number 1 January/February 1997.*David Callahan, "The Think Tank Smoking as Flack," ''Washington Monthly'', Vol. 31, No. 11, November 1, 1999, p. 21. Historical overview and analysis of the rise of corporate-funded think tanks as PR vehicles for corporate interests.*John Stauber, "[https://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/2000Q2/fearnotfacts.html Facts Not Fear Wants to Make the World Safe for Styrofoam"]", ''PR Watch'', Volume 7 No. 2, 2nd Quarter 2000.(This is a review of ''Facts Not Fear'', a book trashing environmental education by CEI's [[Michael Saneracivic duty]]).*INFACT, "Pulling Out All the Stops: Philip Morris' Fight to Block Regulation of Tobacco," March 21, 2000. This report shows how the tobacco industry coordinated lobbying, lawsuits and advertising with media attacks on the Food and Drug Administration by the CEI and other tobacco-funded front groups.*Lisa DePasquale, [http://www.townhall.com/blogs/c-log/LisaDePasquale/story/2006/05/16/197610.html "CEI to Launch Ads Exposing Truth about Gore's Movie,"] ''[[Townhall.com]]'', May 16, 2006.*The Competitive Enterprise Institute, "[http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=65973 "CEI Launches Ad Campaign to Counter And Global Warming Alarmism; Television Ads to Air in 14 U.S. Cities and on www.cei.org,"], News Release, May 17, 2006. (Thus is a news release carried by US Newswire).*Faiz Shakir, [http://thinkprogress.org/2006/05/17/attack-on-gore/ "Big Oil Launches Attack On Al Gore,"] ''Think Progress'', May 17, 2006. *Josh Marshall, [http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/archives/008489.php "Big oil astroturf group, Competitive Enterprise Institute, launches new attack on Al Gore,"] ''Talking Points Memo'', May 17, 2006.*Judd Legum, [http://thinkprogress.org/2006/05/17/global-warming-looks-good/ "CEI Founder on Global Warming: 'It Looks Pretty Good… We’re Moving To A More Benign Planet',"] ''Think Progress'', May 17, 2006.*Tim Lambert, "[http://scienceblogs.com/deltoid/2006/05/co2_we_call_it_life.php CO2: We call it life]", Science Blogs, May 18, 2006.*Eric Pfeiffer, [http://washingtontimes.com/national/20060517-113852-3521r.htm "Ads aired to answer Gore film 'alarmism',"] ''Washington Times'', May 18, 2006.*Joel Achenbach, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/23/AR2006052301305.html The Tempest:] As evidence mounts that humans are causing dangerous changes in Earth's climate, a handful of skeptics are providing some serious blowback", ''The Washington Post Magazine'', May 28, 2006.*Media Mouse, ''[https://mediamousearchive.wordpress.com/2007/02/08/grand-rapids-th/ Grand Rapids Think-Tank Brings ExxonMobil Funded Global Warming Skeptic to Town],'' Mediamouse.org, February 8, 2007.*Media Mouse, ''[https://mediamousearchive.wordpress.com/2007/02/17/acton-speaker-c/ Grand Rapids Acton Speaker: Corporations should not do anything other than Generate Wealth],'' Mediamouse.org, February 17, 2007.*Matt Corley, [http://thinkprogress.org/2007/07/07/live-earth-report/ "Right Wing Launches Dishonest, Misinformed Attacks Against Live Earth,"] ''Think Progress'', July 7, 2007.

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