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'''Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America''', also known as '''PhRMA''', is one of the largest and most influencial lobbying organizations in Washington. Representing 48 pharmaceutical companies, PhRMA has 20 registered lobbyists on staff and has contracted with dozens of lobby and PR firms -- including [[Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld]], [[Barbour Griffith & Rogers]], [[DCI Group]], [[The Dutko Group]] [http://thehill.com/business/112404.aspx], [[Edelman]] and [[Bonner & Associates]] -- to promote its members' interests. PhRMA has a record of hiding its lobbying and PR activities, often by paying other organizations, such as [[United Seniors Association]] (USA) or the [[Consumer Alliance]], to advocate industry-friendly policies.{{Show badges|AEX}}
On its website PhRMA state its "mission is winning advocacy for public policies that encourage the discovery of life's President and CEO until he stepped down in February 2010, former Louisiana congressman [[Billy Tauzin]],<ref>Chris Frates & Carrie Budoff Brown, [http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0210/32879.html Billy Tauzin to step down from PhRMA], ''Politico'', February 12, 2010</ref> received $4.6 million in compensation from PhRMA in 2009.<ref>PhRMA, [http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2009/530/241/2009-saving and life530241211-069c47da-enhancing new medicines for patients 9O.pdf 2009 Form 990], Internal Revenue Service form filed by pharmaceuticalorganization, November 11, 2010</biotechnology research companies.ref>
"To accomplish this mission, *PhRMA is dedicated to achieving in Washington's Chairman, DCSanofi-aventis CEO [[Chris Viehbacher]], the states and the world:*"Broad patient access to safe and effective medicines through a free market, without price controls,*"Strong intellectual property incentives, and*"Transparent, efficient, regulation and a free flow of information to patientsmade $4.94 million in 2010."<ref>[http://wwwpeople.phrmaforbes.orgcom/profile/whowearechristopher-viehbacher/127438 Christopher Viehbacher], ''Forbes.com'', accessed July 9, 2011</ref>*Former Chair, [[Joaquin Duato]]
West Virginia's Pharmaceutical Cost Management Council unanimously approved "a financial disclosure form that would require pharmaceutical companies to reveal how much they spend on advertising and promotion of brand-name drugs" in the state, as well as any "gifts, grants or payments to physicians" in excess of $25. A legislative rules committee considers the form and related rule changes next, though they will likely "be challenged in court by the pharmaceutical industry." [http://wvgazette.com/section/News/2005111030] An attorney with PhRMA said the proposal "is much more extreme, we think, than is authorized by statute." To back up its critique, PhRMA presented "a four-page analysis from the Washington law firm [[Covington and Burling]]." A PhRMA state lobbyist also argued that such information should be "used internally by the council ... and not be accessible, say, to attorneys doing litigation against a company." West Virginia's AARP supports the measure. ===2004: Pushing PillsDepression calculator===
*Wendy L. Krasner: Deputy Vice President, Policy
*Bruce Kuhlik: Senior Vice President and General Counsel
*David T. Mohler: Deputy Vice President, Federal Affairs*Rick Stein: Director, Federal Affairs (Stein was previously a senior aide to Republican Senator [[Rick Santorum]]; his position was formerly held by Scott Olsen)*Lori Reilly: Deputy Vice President, Policy
==SourceWatch resources==
*[[Charles A. Heimbold, Jr.]] - Former Chairman of Board
*[[Direct-to-consumer advertising]]
*[[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]]
1100 15th St950 F Street N.W. NW, Suite 900<br>Washington, DC 2000520004<br>
Joaquin Duato
'''Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America''', also known as '''PhRMA''', is one of the largest and most influential lobbying organizations in Washington.<ref>Mike Lillis, [http://thehill.com/blogs/healthwatch/health-reform-implementation/115827-drug-lobby-defends-rise-in-prescription-drug-prices Drug lobby defends rise in prices], ''The Hill'', August 25, 2010</ref> Representing 48 pharmaceutical companies, PhRMA has 20 registered lobbyists on staff<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/firmlbs.php?id=D000000504&year=Mission2011 Lobbyists working for Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America 2011], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 8, 2011</ref> and has contracted with dozens of lobby and PR firms -- including [[Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld]],<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000000504&year=2008 Itemized Lobbying Expenses for Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America 2008], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 8, 2011</ref> [[Barbour Griffith & Rogers]],<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000000504&year=2007 Itemized Lobbying Expenses for Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America 2007], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 8, 2011</ref> [[DCI Group]]<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000000504&year=2006 Itemized Lobbying Expenses for Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America 2006], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 8, 2011</ref> and [[The Dutko Group]]<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000000504&year=2004 Itemized Lobbying Expenses for Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America 2004], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 8, 2011</ref>-- to promote its members' interests. PhRMA has a record of hiding its lobbying and PR activities, often by paying other organizations, such as [[United Seniors Association]] (USA) or the [[Consumer Alliance]], to advocate industry-friendly policies.<ref>Public Citizen, [http://www.citizen.org/pressroom/pressroomredirect.cfm?ID=1789 PhRMA Appears to Have Funneled Up to $41 Million To “Stealth PACs” to Help Elect a Drug Industry-Friendly Congress], organizational report, September 20, 2004</ref>
==Ties to the American Legislative Exchange Council== PhRMA was a member of ALEC's [[ALEC_"Private_Enterprise"_Board_of_Directors|"Private Enterprise" Board of Directors]] as of 2016, with lobbyist Jeff Bond representing it on the board.<ref>American Legislative Exchange Council, "[https://www.alec.org/about/leadership/ Leadership]," organization website, accessed August 2016.</ref> PhRMA was also a 2011 recipient of ALEC's [[ALEC Award Winners|Private Sector Member of the Year Award]], a "Chairman" level sponsor of 2011 ALEC Annual Conference, which equated to $50,000 in 2010, a sponsor of Louisiana Governor [[Bobby Jindal]]'s plenary luncheon speech at the 2011 ALEC Annual Conference,<ref>[American Legislative Exchange Council, 2011 Conference Sponsors, conference brochure on file with CMD, August 11, 2011]</ref> and a "Vice Chair"-level sponsor of the 2016 ALEC Annual Conference.<ref>Nick Surgey, "[https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2016/07/27/exxonmobil-top-sponsor-alec-annual-meeting/ ExxonMobil Top Sponsor at ALEC Annual Meeting]," ''Exposed by CMD'', Center for Media and Democracy, July 27, 2016.</ref> A list of [[ALEC Corporations|ALEC corporations can be found here]]. {{about_ALEC}} PhRMA is on the corporate ("[[ALEC Boards and Task Forces#"Private Enterprise" Board of Directors|Private Enterprise]]") board of the [[American Legislative Exchange Council]] (ALEC) as of 2011. [[Jeff Bond]], Senior Vice President of PhRMA, represents PhRMA on the corporate board;<ref>American Legislative Exchange Council, [http://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Private_Enterprise_Board&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=15992 Private Enterprise Board], organizational website, accessed July 8, 2011</ref> and [[Jeff Buel]], [[Johnson & Johnson]]'s representative at PhRMA, and [[Kristin Parde]], a PhRMA Director, represent PhRMA on the Executive Committee of ALEC's [[Health and Human Services Task Force]], both as of 2011.<ref>American Legislative Exchange Council [http://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Private_Sector_Executive_Committee Private Sector Executive Committee], organization website, accessed June 2, 2011</ref> In August 2011, Parde was given ALEC's 2011 [[ALEC Award Winners|Private Sector Member of the Year Award]]. Also in August 2011, PhRMA sponsored Louisiana Governor [[Bobby Jindal]]'s plenary luncheon speech at ALEC's 2011 annual meeting in New Orleans. PhRMA President and CEO, [[John Castellani]], also gave a plenary luncheon speech.<ref name="ALEC Agenda">American Legislative Exchange Council, "Solutions for the States," 38th Annual Meeting agenda, on file with CMD, August 3-6, 2011</ref> PhRMA was also a "Chairman" level sponsor of that conference<ref name="ALEC Agenda"/> ($50,000 in 2010)<ref>American Legislative Exchange Council, [http://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Sponsorship_Opportunities Sponsorship Opportunities at ALEC's Annual Meeting], organizational website, 2010, accessed August 4, 2011</ref> and a member of the Louisiana Host Committee.<ref name="ALEC Agenda"/> In 2010, PhRMA contributed $356,075 to ALEC's "Scholarship Fund." The Fund compensates state legislators that are ALEC members for the traveling expenses they incur to attend ALEC conferences, including the costs of flights and hotels. PhRMA's 2010 IRS filings list the location of the recipient of the funds at the address of the offices of Hamilton Consulting in Madison, WI rather than ALEC's office in Washington, DC. The tax filing raised questions about which legislators were benefitting from PhRMA's contributions and why PhRMA made the decision to funnel its funds through Wisconsin.<ref>Brendan Fischer, [https://www.prwatch.org/node/11342 Why Did PhRMA Spend $356K on ALEC in Wisconsin?] PR Watch, March 12, 2012 </ref> Soon after Wisconsin Governor [[Scott Walker]] came into office, Walker and GOP state legislators pushed for the adoption of Wisconsin Act 2, an ALEC-influenced bill that benefitted the bottom line of PhRMA members. The bill seeks to implement "tort reform" by "limiting the ability to hold corporations accountable for causing injury or death" and "make it easier for corporations like drugmakers to escape liability for manufacturing dangerous products or products with insufficient warnings about hazards." The legislation drew heavily from ALEC Model bills on tort reform, including the "Constitutional Guidelines for Punitive Damages Act" and the "Product Liability Act." On January 27, 2011, the bill was signed into law. Republicans also sought to pass LRB 2890, a bill introduced in October 2011 that is based on ALEC's "Drug Liability Act." The bill "gives drug and medical device manufacturers complete immunity from lawsuits based on strict liability if the product was approved by the Food and Drug Administration." <ref>Brendan Fischer, [https://www.prwatch.org/node/11342 Why Did PhRMA Spend $356K on ALEC in Wisconsin?] PR Watch, March 12, 2012 </ref> ==Political Contributions and Lobbying== In 2010, PhRMA spent $21,740,000 on lobbying costs.<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/firmsum.php?id=D000000504&year=2010 PhRMA 2010 Lobbying], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref> It has 20 lobbyists on staff in 2011 <ref>Center for Responsiev Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/firmlbs.php?id=D000000504&year=2011 Lobbyists working for PhRMA, 2011], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref> and had 29 in 2010.<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/firmlbs.php?id=D000000504&year=2010 PhRMA Lobbyists working for PhRMA, 2010], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref> PhRMA has lobbied for 22 bills in 2011<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/firmbills.php?id=D000000504&year=2011 PhRMA Bills Lobbied, 2011], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref> and lobbied for 51 bills in 2010.<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/firmbills.php?id=D000000504&year=2010 PhRMA Bills Lobbied, 2010], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref> ''Open Secrets'' reports that in 2010, PhRMA gave a total of $58,800 to House candidates ($40,800 to Democrats) and $65,000 to Senate candidates ($50,500 to Democrats).<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/pacgot.php?cycle=2010&cmte=C00021972 PhRMA Contributions to Federal Candidates], OpenSecrets.org PAC database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref> See [[#Some of PHRMA's registered lobbyists|below]] for more, including the list of lobbyists active for PhRMA in 2011. ===Funding Groups groups and PACs===
The February 2003 issue of the ''AARP Bulletin'' reported: "Three nonprofit organizations that claim to speak for older Americans are in fact heavily bankrolled by the pharmaceutical industry, an examination of tax records by the AARP Bulletin shows. [[United Seniors Association]], for example, got more than a third of its funds in 2001 from drug-industry sources. The big donors included Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), the industry's trade association; [[Citizens for Better Medicare]], a PhRMA-funded nonprofit group; and Pfizer Inc. Total industry contributions: at least $3.1 million."
"PhRMA Appears to Have Funneled Up to $41 Million To "Stealth PACs" to Help Elect a Drug Industry-Friendly Congress," according to a Sept. 2004 report published by [http://www.citizen.org/pressroom/release.cfm?ID=1789 stealthpacs.org].
==PhRMA PR Campaignscampaigns==
===2006: Bringing You New MedicinesQorvis and new medicines===
In September 2006, the PR industry trade press reported that PhRMA had retained [[Qorvis Communications]], "for a national PR campaign to educate the public about the good work done by drug companies and the important role they play in developing new medicines." [http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0915phrma_qorvis.htm]
"Since being named CEO at PhRMA more than a year ago, former Louisiana Representative [[Billy Tauzin]] and his communications team, led by Ken Johnson, have been implementing an aggressive public relations campaign in an attempt to address the industry's numerous reputation challenges, from pricing to safety to whether drugs are marketed over-aggressively," wrote the ''Holmes Report''. [http://holmesreport.com/holmestemp/story.cfm?edit_id=6163&typeid=1]
===2005: Evangelizing DrugsAggressive PR===
In May 2005, it was reported that PhRMA was launching "an aggressive new PR plan," highlighting its new CEO, [[Government-industry revolving door|former Congressman]] and cancer survivor [[Billy Tauzin]]. According to PhRMA senior vice-president of communications Ken Johnson (who should not be confused with the [[Ken Johnson]]who is the Southern Regional Director of the AFL-CIO), the new plan includes reorganizing media relations "almost like a beat system," with point people for "state, federal, or international outreach."
PhRMA also launched a radio series called Healthcare Now, "which Johnson likens to an ANR ([[Audio news releases|audio news release]]) that can be played in small markets without health reporters." PhRMA is also "building an onsite studio" to allow Tauzin to do more television interviews and speaking events. Johnson said part of PhRMA's PR strategy is to make Tauzin "an evangelist for the pharmaceutical industry." [http://prweek.com/news/news_story.cfm?ID=238374&site=3]
===2005: Fighting Affordable DrugsPricing issues and marketing===
In late March 2005, the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that the pharmaceutical industry was facing "pressure from many states to provide cheaper prescription drugs." Washington state and Rhode Island legislators were considering how to control medical costs, and "Ohio and Maine recently have launched their own discount plans for low-income people." Yet PhRMA, along with individual drug companies, "launched its most aggressive counterattack in California," to defeat a proposed ballot initiative "even before the authors have gathered enough signatures to qualify it for the next election." PhRMA vice-president [[Jan Faiks]] said, "We take [the proposed initiative] as such a serious threat to the health and welfare of the pharmaceutical industry that we have to make a stand here," in California. "It's a very bad precedent. You're the leader in the country, and there are 26 states that allow ballot initiatives." [http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-drugs28mar28,0,2573159.story?coll=la-home-headlines]
Perhaps most disturbingly, PhRMA threatened "retaliatory initiatives aimed at trial lawyers and unions, which are most likely to be donors to Health Access' ballot measure." The industry's "two companion ballot measures" were unmistakably "aimed at the heart of Democrats' donor base." One measure "would slash trial lawyers' contingency fees," while the other "would require public employee unions to obtain members' permission before spending their dues on political activities." PhRMA's [[Frank Schubert]], who is managing the initiative campaigns, said, "It certainly is a signal to the unions that they're not going to engage in a one-handed attack, that the industry is going to fight for its interests and the interest of the patients that it serves." [http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-drugs28mar28,0,2573159.story?coll=la-home-headlines]
In June 2004, PhRMA teamed up with the [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]] and the American Psychiatric Association "to demonstrate the cost of depression in the workplace and to show employers that treating affected workers would improve the bottom line." The three groups endorsed a "depression calculator," which allows employers to estimate the effect of untreated depression on their company's profits, through absenteeism and low productivity. The calculator also figures "how much the business would save if employees were treated."[http://thehill.com/business/060804_depression.aspx] The Arizona-based "health-care consulting firm" [[The HSM Group]] organized the calculator's public "introduction." At the press conference unveiling the calculator, PhRMA's senior vice president for policy, research and strategic planning, Richard Smith, said: "A depressed employee is less productive or absent for 30 to 50 days a year. ... The person's medical costs are $2,000 to $3,000 more than other employees."[http://www.timesdispatch.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=RTD%2FMGArticle%2FRTD_BasicArticle&c=MGArticle&cid=1031775927752&path=!business&s=1045855934855]
==Self-Regulation regulation of Drug Adsdrug ads==
In May 2005, former member of Congress [[Billy Tauzin]], then PhRMA's head lobbyist, told the ''New York Times'' that "drug companies [are] trying to develop a voluntary code of conduct for the advertising of prescription medicines on television and in print." Tauzin said "a good strong code" would likely be issued in June or July 2005. However, "one purpose" for the code "is to fend off more stringent federal regulation," wrote the ''New York Times''. [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/17/politics/17drug.html?] "Better to self-regulate than to have someone else tell you how to conduct your business," one pharmaceutical marketing chief told ''Advertising Age''.
In January 2006, just after the PhRMA guidelines went into effect, ''Advertising Age'' reported, "Drug makers appear to be abiding by the 15-point code of conduct with very few exceptions. One exception: None of the ads [the reporter viewed] conformed to Guideline No. 15: Companies are encouraged to include information in all DTC advertising, where feasible, about help for the uninsured and underinsured. Also, some of the 15-second spots were not able to adhere to Guideline No. 4: DTC TV and print advertising of prescription drugs should clearly indicate that the medicine is a prescription drug" (Rich Thomaselli, "Big Pharma Keeps Its New Year's Resolution," ''Advertising Age'', January 9, 2006).
==FDA funding fees== U.S. government regulating agencies don't negotiate their budgets with industries they oversee, with the exception of the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA). In the early 1990s, the [[pharmaceutical industry]] began paying the FDA millions of dollars in user fees in order to speed up the drug approval process. These fees "now fund more than half the agency's critical drug-review process." Industry groups and the FDA renegotiate the fees and how they're used every five years, giving drug makers "considerable input into which programs receive funding." In 2006 the FDA negotiated an agreement with the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America and [[Biotechnology Industry Organization]]. Industry groups pushed for even faster decisions on labeling and other "conditions" of new drugs and the FDA negotiated more funding to monitor drug safety following approval.<ref>Anna Wilde Matthews, [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB115707824013151485.html "Drug Firms Use Financial Clout To Push Industry Agenda at FDA"], [[Wall Street Journal]], September 2006.</ref> ==International Activitiesactivities==
PhRMA lobbying activities have extended outside of the United States. "America's big drug companies are intensifying their lobbying efforts to 'change the Canadian health-care system' and eliminate subsidized prescription drug prices enjoyed by Canadians," CanWest News Service reported on June 9, 2003. "A prescription drug industry spokesman in Washington confirmed to CanWest News Service that information contained in confidential industry documents is accurate and that $1 million US is being added to the already heavily funded drug lobby against the Canadian system." PhRMA was the leading drug industry trade group behind the increased lobbying and PR campaign. PhRMA was also independently spending $450,000 to target the booming Canadian Internet pharmacy industry, which has been providing Americans with prescription drugs at lower prices than in the United States.
==Personnel==
===2010 and 2011===
*[[Chris Viehbacher]] - Chairman of the PhRMA Board: CEO of Sanofi-aventis
*[[John Castellani|John J. Castellani]] - President and Chief Executive Officer: Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America
*[[Billy Tauzin]] - President and Chief Executive Officer of PhRMA until February 2010<ref>Chris Frates & Carrie Budoff Brown, [http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0210/32879.html Billy Tauzin to step down from PhRMA], ''Politico'', February 12, 2010</ref>
*Mimi Simoneaux - Vice President
*Thomas Moore - Director
* Christopher Singer - Executive Vice President and COO
*Bryant Hall - Senior Director
*Steven Tiltion - Vice President
*Kevin Walker - Vice President
*Chip Davis - Executive Vice President of Advocacy
===Previously===
*Christopher Badgley: Vice President, State Government Affairs
*Russel A. BanthamChris Singer: Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President
*Edward Belkin: Vice President, Communications
*Rodger CurrieAlan Gilbert: Senior Vice President, Federal Affairs and Law*Joseph Damond: Associate Vice President International*Elise Deschenes: Director, Federal Affairs*Susan Finstom: Assistant Vice President, International and Intellectual Property*Mark Grayson: Senior Director, Strategic Communications*Shannon S. S. Herzfeld: Senior Deputy Vice President, InternationalCommunications and Public Affairs
*[[Billy Tauzin]]: President and Chief Executive Officer
*Anne Holmes: PAC Contact and Senior Manager, Federal Affairs
*William L. Lucas: Associate Vice President, State Government Affairs
*Kurt Malmgren: Senior Vice President, Government Affairs and Alliance Development
*Richard "Rick" Smith: Senior Vice President, Policy and Strategic Communications
*Derrick White: Associate Director, Federal Affairs
===Some of PHRMA's Registered registered lobbyists=== In 2011, PhRMA had 20 registered lobbyists on staff<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientlbs.php?id=D000000504&year=2011 Lobbyistsworking for PhRMA, 2011], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref>: * Anway, Mike* Bermingham, Maya* Burkholder, Randy* [[John Castellani|Castellani, John J]]* Davis, Chip* Douglas, Andrea Jean* Filippone, Bob* Fisher, Margaret Lea* Gierer, Gregory* Jewett, Valerie H* Kaplan, Ann* Korn, David* Love, Kimberly* Maranchick, Hallie* Martello, Kendra* Nagle, Brian* Pritchett, Anne* Reilly, Lori* Smith, Richard I* Sulkala, Matt PhRMA also contracts with many other lobbying firms.<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, [http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientlbs.php?id=D000000504&year==2011 Lobbying Firms working for PhRMA, 2011], OpenSecrets.org lobbying database, accessed July 10, 2011</ref>
According to a discloure form for the first six months of 2007, filed with the U.S. Senate by PHRMA, the group's registered lobbyists were <ref>"[http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/08/17/ap4031611.html Drug Trade Group Spent $10.7M Lobbying]", ''Associated Press'', August 17, 2007.</ref>:
*[[Billy Tauzin]]
*[[Mimi Kneuer]], Tauzin's former chief of staff when he was in the U.S. House of Representatives;
*[[Matt Sulkala]], who was senior legislative assistant to Rep. [[Allen Boyd]], Democrat - Floridaa.
PhRMA spent $10.7 million in the first six months of 2007 lobbying the U.S. government. In the preceding six-month period, PhRMA spent $8.8 million. <em>Associated Press</em> reports that in PhRMA'S latest lobbying report, required under the [[Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995]], the group states that it had lobbied Congress, the [[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] and the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] and other agencies on "issues related to Medicare, patent reform, international trade and drug fees, importation and safety". <ref>"[http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/08/17/ap4031611.html Drug Trade Group Spent $10.7M Lobbying]", ''Associated Press'', August 17, 2007.</ref>:
PhRMA's top lobbyist during the healthcare debates in 2009-2010, Bryant Hall, started his own firm, [[Rubicon Strategies]], owned by the Tiber Creek Group.<ref>Chris Frates, [http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0111/47050.html Top PhRMA lobbyist starts new firm], ''Politico.com'', January 4, 2011</ref> ===Former staff===*Former Chair, [[Raymond V. Gilmartin]] ==PR Firms Employedfirms employed==
*[[APCO Worldwide]] [http://www.prweek.com/news/news_worldwire.cfm?ID=234359&site=3]
*[[Edelman]] [http://www.prweek.com/news/news_worldwire.cfm?ID=234359&site=3]
*[[Qorvis Communications]] [http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0915phrma_qorvis.htm]
==Contact==
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America<br>
Telephone: 202-835-3400 <br>
Fax: 202-835-3414 <br>
Website: [http://www.phrma.org phrma.org]
==ReferencesArticles and resources==<references/>===Related SourceWatch articles===*[[Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth]]*[[Charles A. Heimbold, Jr.]] - Former Chairman of Board*[[Direct-to-consumer advertising]]*[[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]]*[[Fred Hassan]] ===External resources===
===External Linksarticles===
*Beth Herskovits, "[http://prweek.com/news/news_story.cfm?ID=238374&site=3 PhRMA comms department reorganizes, launches new campaign]," ''PR Week'' (sub. req'd.), May 26, 2005.
*Beth Herskovits, "[http://www.prweek.com/news/news_worldwire.cfm?ID=237909&site=3&setcookie=1 PhRMA picks Edelman for state outreach effort]", ''PR Week'', May 5, 2005. (Sub req'd.)
*"[http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0915phrma_qorvis.htm PhRMA Taps Qorvis]," ''O'Dwyer's PR Daily'' (sub req'd), September 15, 2006.
*"[http://holmesreport.com/holmestemp/story.cfm?edit_id=6163&typeid=1 PhRMA Selects Qorvis for Industry Image Campaign]," ''Holmes Report'', September 17, 2006.
*Judith Siers-Poisson, [httphttps://www.prwatch.org/node/6216 The Politics and PR of Cervical Cancer], a four part series, PRWatch.org, July, 2007.
*Julie M. Donohue, Ph.D., Marisa Cevasco, B.A., and Meredith B. Rosenthal, Ph.D., "[http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/357/7/673 A Decade of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs]," ''New England Journal of Medicine'', Volume 357:673-681, Number 7, August 16, 2007.
*"[http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/08/17/ap4031611.html Drug Trade Group Spent $10.7M Lobbying]", ''Associated Press'', August 17, 2007.
*Matthew Perrone, "[http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/08/21/ap4041735.html FDA to Study Images' Impact in Drug Ads]," Associated Press, August 21, 2007.
*T.W. Farnam, Alicia Mundy and Brad Haynes, "[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122480762067065051.html Drug Industry Adapts to Democrats' Mounting Clout]," ''Wall Street Journal'' (sub req'd), October 24, 2008.
* Ceci Connolly, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/07/AR2009010703869_2.html?referrer=emailarticle&sid=ST2009010800563&s_pos= "With More Oversight on the Horizon, Drugmakers Work to Polish Image"], ''Washington Post'', January 8, 2009; Page A01.
*Jeffrey Young, "[http://thehill.com/business--lobby/phrma-signals-shift-with-democratic-promotions-2009-01-22.html PhRMA signals shift with Democratic promotions]," ''The Hill'', January 22, 2009.
===References===
<references/>
[[Category:Industry lobby groups]][[Category:Pharmaceutical industry]][[Category:Health]][[category:United States]][[Category:ALEC Exposed]][[Category:ALEC Corporations]][[Category:ALEC Trade Groups]]
