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| − | {{#badges: CoalSwarm |Navbar-Coalexports}}Most coal, and particularly the lower value thermal coal, is burnt in pit-head power stations close to where it is mined. As a result, just over 15% of coal is traded across national boundaries. | + | {{Moved to GEM}} |
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| − | According to the International Energy Agency, in 2011 the total international coal trade was 1.139 billion tonnes out of total global demand of approximately 7.384 billion tonnes. Of this thermal coal, which is overwhelmingly used in coal-fired power stations, accounted for just under three quarters. The remainder is [[metallurgical coal]], which is overwhelmingly used in steel production.
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| − | Of the traded coal, just over 90% is exported by ships with the remainder transported overland. The overland trade primarily consists of exports between Eastern Europe and Eurasia and of metallurgical coal from Mongolia to China. However, the global seaborne trade is dominated by exports from and to countries within the Pacific basin. (See [[Pacific Basin coal market]] and [[Atlantic Basin coal market]] for more details).
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| − | | |
| − | === Major coal exporters ===
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| − | Countries with annual export higher than 10 million tons are shown. Estimates are from the U.S. [[Energy Information Administration]]'s International Energy Statistics.
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" style="text-align:right"
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| − | |+ '''Exports of Coal by Country and year (million short tons)'''<ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/supplement/pdf/suptab_114.pdf World Steam Coal Flows,] EIA, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/pdf/coal_tables.pdf World Coal Flows by Importing and Exporting Regions,] EIA, September 19, 2011</ref><ref>[http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=1&pid=1&aid=4&cid=&syid=2003&eyid=2008&unit=TST EIA International Energy Annual Statistics,] EIA, accessed January 2012</ref>
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| − | |-
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| − | ! width="120pt"|Country
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2003
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2004
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2005
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2006
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2007
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2008
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2009
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| − | ! width="100pt"|2010
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| − | ! width="100pt"|Share
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Australia
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| − | | 238.1
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| − | | 247.6
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| − | | 255.0
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| − | | 255.0
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| − | | 268.5
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| − | | 278.0
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| − | | 288.5
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| − | | 328.1
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| − | | 26.5%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Indonesia
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| − | | 107.8
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| − | | 131.4
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| − | | 142.0
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| − | | 192.2
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| − | | 221.9
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| − | | 228.2
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| − | | 261.4
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| − | | 316.2*
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| − | | 24.0%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Russia
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| − | | 41.0
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| − | | 55.7
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| − | | 98.6
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| − | | 103.4
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| − | | 112.2
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| − | | 115.4
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| − | | 130.9
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| − | | 122.1
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| − | | 12.0%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Colombia
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| − | | 50.4
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| − | | 56.4
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| − | | 59.2
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| − | | 68.3
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| − | | 74.5
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| − | | 74.7
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| − | | 75.7
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| − | | 76.4
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| − | | 6.9%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|South Africa
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| − | | 78.7
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| − | | 74.9
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| − | | 78.8
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| − | | 75.8
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| − | | 72.6
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| − | | 68.2
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| − | | 73.8
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| − | | 76.7
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| − | | 6.8%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|USA
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| − | | 43.0
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| − | | 48.0
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| − | | 51.7
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| − | | 51.2
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| − | | 60.6
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| − | | 83.5
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| − | | 60.4
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| − | | 83.2
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| − | | 5.5%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|China
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| − | | 103.4
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| − | | 95.5
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| − | | 93.1
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| − | | 85.6
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| − | | 75.4
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| − | | 68.8
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| − | | 38.4
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| − | | 22.7
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| − | | 3.5%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Canada
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| − | | 27.7
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| − | | 28.8
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| − | | 31.2
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| − | | 31.2
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| − | | 33.4
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| − | | 36.5
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| − | | 31.9
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| − | | 36.9
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| − | | 2.9%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Vietnam
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| − | | 6.9
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| − | | 11.7
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| − | | 19.8
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| − | | 23.5
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| − | | 35.1
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| − | | 21.3
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| − | | 28.2
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| − | | 24.7
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| − | | 2.6%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Kazakhstan
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| − | | 30.3
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| − | | 27.4
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| − | | 28.3
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| − | | 30.5
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| − | | 32.8
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| − | | 47.6
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| − | | 25.7
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| − | | 36.3
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| − | | 2.4%
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| − | |-
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| − | |align="left"|Poland
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| − | | 28.0
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| − | | 27.5
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| − | | 26.5
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| − | | 25.4
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| − | | 20.1
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| − | | 16.1
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| − | | 14.6
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| − | | 18.1
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| − | | 1.3%
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| − | |-
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| − | |-class="sortbottom"
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| − | ! Total (global)
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| − | ! 713.9
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| − | ! 764.0
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| − | ! 936.0
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| − | ! 1,000.6
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| − | ! 1,073.4
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| − | ! 1,087.3
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| − | ! 1,090.8
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| − | ! 1,212.8
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| − | ! 100%
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| − | |}
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| − | Note: 1 metric ton (tonne) = 1.10231 short tons
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| − | *While the US EIA puts 2010 total coal exports for Indonesia at 316.2 short tons,<ref>[http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=1&pid=1&aid=4&cid=&syid=2003&eyid=2008&unit=TST EIA International Energy Annual Statistics,] IEA, accessed January 2012</ref> the World Coal Association puts the figure much lower, at 162 metric tons (178.6 short tons).<ref>[http://www.worldcoal.org/resources/coal-statistics/ "Coal Statistics"] World Coal Association, accessed January 2011.</ref>
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| − | ==Australia==
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| − | In 2006 Australia exported 237 million tonnes of coal, making it the world's largest exporter of coal. It also consumed over 70 million tonnes of coal domestically, of which approximately 85% is used in power generation.<ref name="USGS">Pui-Kwan Tse, [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2006/myb3-2006-as.pdf The Mineral Industry of Australia: 2006], U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, May 2008.</ref>
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| − | The following corporations are responsible for the bulk of Australian exports:<ref name="Murray">Dave Murray, [http://bhpbilliton.com/bbContentRepository/ecAnalystPresentation2007.pdf "BHP Billiton Coal CSG Anlayst Visit: Hunter Valley Energy Coal"], BHP Billiton, November 2nd, 2007.</ref>
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| − | * Xstrata 24%
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| − | * Rio 18%
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| − | * BHP Billiton 14%
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| − | * Peabody 5%
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| − | * Anglo American 4%
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| − | * Other 35%
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" align="center" style="text-align:center"
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| − | |+ '''Major Export Markets For Australian Coal (2008–2009)'''<ref>http://www.australiancoal.com.au/the-australian-coal-industry_coal-exports_coal-export-details.aspx</ref>
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| − | |-
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| − | ! width="200pt"|Country/Area
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| − | ! width="100pt"|Million Tons Coking
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| − | ! width="100pt"|Million Tons Steaming
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| − | ! width="100pt"|Million Tons Total
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| − | ! width="100pt"|Rank
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| − | ! width="100pt"|% of exports
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| − | |-
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| − | |Japan ||43.3||61.5||104.8||1||39.8
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| − | |-
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| − | |Korea (ROK) ||15.1||27.9||43.1||2||16.3
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| − | |-
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| − | |Taiwan ||6.1||20.0||26.1||3||9.9
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| − | |-
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| − | |China ||15.5||9.5||25.0||4||9.5
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| − | |-
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| − | |India||23.8||0.9||24.7||5||9.4
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| − | |-
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| − | |Europe ||18.6||2.3||20.9||6||7.9
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ==Colombia==
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| − | Colombia is the world's tenth largest producer of hard coals and the sixth largest exporter of coal. In 2006 it was estimated that Colombia would mine 64 million tonnes of thermal coal, of which approximately 60 million tonnes was for the international export trade.<ref>World Coal Institute, [http://www.worldcoal.org/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=188 "Coal Facts 2007"], World Coal Institute website, accessed June 2008.</ref> The U.S. Geological Survey states that Colombia is the largest coal producer in South America and has the largest reserves in the region. It also states that coal mining for export is booming in Colombia, with production having increased by 80% since 1999.<ref name="Torres"/><ref name="Torres">Ivette E. Torres, [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2005/myb3-2005-co.pdf "The Mineral Industry of Colombia"], U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, December 2007.</ref>
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| − | The majority of Colombia's coal exports are shipped to European markets due to shorter distances and lower freight costs compared to the rapidly growing Asian markets. Colombia is considered to be a low-cost producer with its coal highly sought after due to its low sulfur content.<ref>ABARE, "[http://www.abareconomics.com/interactive/AC_june_2006/htm/coal.htm Energy:Thermal coal"], Australian Commodities, June quarter 2006.</ref>
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| − | The following corporations are responsible for the bulk of Colombia's exports:<ref name="Murray">Dave Murray, [http://bhpbilliton.com/bbContentRepository/ecAnalystPresentation2007.pdf "BHP Billiton Coal CSG Anlayst Visit: Hunter Valley Energy Coal"], BHP Billiton, November 2nd, 2007.</ref>
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| − | * Drummond 47%
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| − | * Anglo American 16%
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| − | * BHP Billiton 16%
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| − | * Xstrata 16%
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| − | * Other 5%
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| − | | |
| − | ==Indonesia==
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| − | ABARE, the Australian government's resources agency, reports that 2006 Indonesia exported 170 million tonnes of thermal coal and estimated that this would grow to 186 million tonnes in 2007 and 201 million tonnes in 2008.<ref>Alan Copeland and Rohan Kendall, [http://www.abareconomics.com/interactive/ac_dec07/htm/coal.htm "Thermal Coal"], ''Australian Commodities'', ABARE, December Quarter 2007.</ref>
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| − | In an earlier review on the global coal trade, ABARE analyst Alan Copeland noted that thermal coal exports from Indonesia were estimated to have grown by approximately 33% in each of 2004, 2005 and 2006. "The growth in Indonesia’s exports reflects the ability of its coal industry to respond to the rapid growth in Asian demand for thermal coal, supported by unconstrained transport and port capacity. A significant proportion of coal transport in Indonesia is water based, which allows for coal to be transported along rivers via barges to the open sea for loading on to larger vessels," he wrote.<ref name="Copeland September">Alan Copeland, [http://www.abareconomics.com/interactive/ac_sept07/htm/coal.htm "Thermal Coal"], ''Australian Commodities'', ABARE, September Quarter 2007.</ref>
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| − | However, a spin off to the dramatic rise in coal demand is the rise of illegal mining. In September 2005 the ''Washington Post'' reported on the staggering scale of coal-laden trucks -- which are notionally banned from public roads -- going all-night from "from scores of often-illegal mines" on their way to a local port. An anonymous senior official in Indonesia's Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources raised doubt about the accuracy of the Indonesian government's official export figures. "I bet no one has current and accurate data about what is happening out there," he said.<ref>Alan Sipress, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/20/AR2005092001528.html "Indonesia's Illegal Coal Mines Feed China: Demand Transforms Island Nation's Lightly Regulated South Kalimantan Province"], ''Washington Post'', September 21, 2005; Page D06.</ref>
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| − | The World Coal Institute estimates that of the 107.3 million tonnes exported in 2005, 89 million tonnes was steam coal with the remainder being coking coal.<ref name="WCI">World Coal Institute, [http://www.worldcoal.org/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=458 "Indonesia"], World Coal Institute website, accessed June 2008.</ref> ABARE reports that between "1988 and 2005, thermal coal exports from Indonesia increased by an average of around 23 per cent a year."<ref name="ABARE">ABARE, "[http://www.abareconomics.com/interactive/AC_june_2006/htm/coal.htm Energy:Thermal coal"], Australian Commodities, June quarter 2006.</ref>
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| − | ABARE lists the main destinations for Indonesian thermal coal as being<ref name="ABARE">ABARE, "[http://www.abareconomics.com/interactive/AC_june_2006/htm/coal.htm Energy:Thermal coal"], Australian Commodities, June quarter 2006.</ref>:
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| − | * Japan (approximately 25%);
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| − | * Chinese Taipei (17%)
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| − | * India (15%); and
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| − | * the Republic of Korea (13%).
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| − | Copeland also notes that India imports Indonesian low-ash coal for blending with its higher-ash content domestic coals.<ref name="Copeland September"/>
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| − | ===Corporate market share of Indonesian exports===
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| − | The following corporations are responsible for the bulk of Indonesia's exports:<ref name="Murray">Dave Murray, [http://bhpbilliton.com/bbContentRepository/ecAnalystPresentation2007.pdf "BHP Billiton Coal CSG Anlayst Visit: Hunter Valley Energy Coal"], BHP Billiton, November 2nd, 2007.</ref>
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| − | * Bumi Resources 28%
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| − | * Banpu 23%
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| − | * Adaro Indonesia 18%
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| − | * Other 31%
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| − | ==[[Kazakhstan and coal|Kazakhstan]]==
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| − | | |
| − | ==[[Mozambique and coal|Mozambique]]==
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| − | | |
| − | ==[[Russia and coal|Russia]]==
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| − | In 2009, Russia exported 12.09 million tonnes of coal to China, up 1,500% over 2008.<ref name="lb">Luke Burgess, [http://www.energyandcapital.com/articles/russia-china-agree-to-6-billion-deal-for-475-million-tonnes-of-coal/1265 "Russia Inks $6 Billion Deal with China to Supply 475 Million Tonnes of Coal"] Energy & Capital, Sep. 10, 2010.</ref> In 2010, Russia shipped 32 million tons to India, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and China;<ref>Ilya Arkhipov and Yuliya Fedorinova, [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-24/russia-plans-to-more-than-double-coal-exports-to-asia-by-2030.html "Russia Plans to More Than Double Coal Exports to Asia by 2030"] Bloomberg, Jan. 24, 2012.</ref> during the first half of 2010, Russia exported 6 million tonnes of coal to China, making it currently the fourth-largest coal exporter to China. Russia plans to increase annual coal exports to China to 15 million tonnes for the next five years, then increase exports to 20 million tonnes per year for the next 20 years;<ref name="lb">Luke Burgess, [http://www.energyandcapital.com/articles/russia-china-agree-to-6-billion-deal-for-475-million-tonnes-of-coal/1265 "Russia Inks $6 Billion Deal with China to Supply 475 Million Tonnes of Coal"] Energy & Capital, Sep. 10, 2010.</ref> overall, Russian officials have said they want to more than double coal exports to Asia to an annual 85 million metric tons by 2030.<ref>Ilya Arkhipov and Yuliya Fedorinova, [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-24/russia-plans-to-more-than-double-coal-exports-to-asia-by-2030.html "Russia Plans to More Than Double Coal Exports to Asia by 2030"] Bloomberg, Jan. 24, 2012.</ref>
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| − | ==[[South Africa and coal|South Africa]]==
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| − | South Africa has also become a major player in the global coal trade, exporting an estimated 69 million tonnes in 2006.<ref>World Coal Institute, [http://www.worldcoal.org/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=188 "Coal Facts 2007"], World Coal Institute website, accessed June 2008.</ref> The bulk of this is exported to Germany, Spain and Japan.<ref>Energy Information Administration, [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/South_Africa/Coal.html South Africa: Coal"], Energy Information Administration website, accessed June 2008.</ref>
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| − | The following corporations are responsible for the bulk of South Africa's exports:<ref name="Murray">Dave Murray, [http://bhpbilliton.com/bbContentRepository/ecAnalystPresentation2007.pdf "BHP Billiton Coal CSG Anlayst Visit: Hunter Valley Energy Coal"], BHP Billiton, November 2nd, 2007.</ref>
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| − | * Anglo American 34%
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| − | * BHP-Billiton 31%
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| − | * Xstrata 20%
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| − | * Other 14%
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| − | | |
| − | ==[[U.S. coal exports|United States]]==
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| − | ''See also: [[U.S. coal exports]]''
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| − | | |
| − | In 2007, the United States exported almost 60 million tons of coal. One industry analyst estimated that the amount would rise to 80-90 million tons in 2008 and 100 million tons in 2009. Through June 2008, producers sent 40.4 million tons overseas, a 57 percent increase over the same period in 2007.<ref>Lee Buchsbaum, [http://www.energycentral.com/site/newsletters/ebi.cfm?id=614 "New coal economics,"] EnergyBiz Insider, December 24, 2008</ref> Total 2008 exports was 81.5 million tons.<ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/html/tes1p01p1.html "U.S. Coal Summary Statistics, 2004-2010"] EIA, released Oct. 2010.</ref>
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| − | In 2009, the U.S. exported 59 million short tons, due to the 2008 global economic depression.<ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/html/tes1p01p1.html "U.S. Coal Summary Statistics, 2004-2010"] EIA, released Oct. 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.nma.org/pdf/c_cea_exports.pdf "National Mining Association, International Coal Review"] NMA, March 2010.</ref>
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| − | The U.S. exported 81.5 million tons of coal in 2010.<ref name=bn>Bruce Nichols and Jackie Cowhig, [http://solveclimatenews.com/news/20110513/united-states-top-coal-exporter-asia "Analysis: U.S. to Be a Top Coal Exporter Again, Thanks to Asia"] Reuters, May 15, 2011.</ref> By far, the greatest increase was exports to China, which rose from just 2,714 tons in 2009 to 2,916,710 tons in the first half of 2010.<ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/html/t7p01p1.html "U.S. Coal Exports"] EIA, June 2010.</ref> U.S. coal exports increased by 4 million tons (23.4 percent) between first and second quarters of 2010 - by June 2010, U.S. coal exports were 39.7 million tons, according to the EIA.<ref>Dustin Bleizeffer, [http://www.gillettenewsrecord.com/articles/2011/01/05/news/state_news/news62.txt "Rebound: 2010 showed modest recovery for coal"] K2 Technologies, January 5, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/html/tes1p01p1.html "U.S. Coal Summary Statistics, 2004-2010"] EIA, released Oct. 2010.</ref>
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| − | Coal exports from the United States are expected to jump 70 percent in 2011, due in part to increased demand in Asia-Pacific.<ref>[http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFL3E7FB2MZ20110412 "U.S. coal exports to Asia could jump 70 pct in 2011 - Xcoal"] Reuters, April 12, 2011.</ref> Analysts say total U.S. coal exports could amount to 100 million short tons in 2011, leaving only Australia and Indonesia above it in the world export rankings, and putting it above Russia, Colombia and South Africa.<ref name=bn/>
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| − | | |
| − | In 2011 US exported 107,259 thousand short tons of coal. This was the highest level of coal exports since 1991. More impressive: exports recorded a more than 25% leap compared to the previous year, 2010.<ref>[http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Gregorus/~3/o1c9uzOnHBs/#ixzz1rweCd9FR "US Coal Exports at Highest Level in Twenty Years"] Gregor MacDonald, Business Leader, April 9, 2012.</ref>
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| − | ===Main export terminals===
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| − | According to the U.S. [[Energy Information Administration]], seaports in the Gulf Coast and East Coast account for most U.S. coal exports, with six seaports accounting for 94% of U.S. coal exports in 2010, up from 63% in 2000. The seaport at Norfolk, Virginia has consistently remained the largest export facility, making up one-third to one-half of U.S. coal exports since 2000. The next largest export terminal (at its peak) was Detroit, Michigan, which in 2006 accounted for 28% of U.S. exports, although coal exports have fallen more than 90% from a peak of over 16 million tons in 2008. Combined annual exports from Norfolk, Virginia and Baltimore, Maryland increased 18 million tons from 2000 to 2010. The EIA also said that "coal exports from Seattle, Washington have also risen sharply in recent years as significant coal production in the Powder River Basin seeks access to growing Asian coal markets."<ref>[http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=3830 "Six seaports account for 94% of U.S. coal exports, which are dominated by coking coal"] EIA, Nov. 8, 2011.</ref>
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| − | ===Northwest ports to be used to export Powder River Basin coal to Asian markets===
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| − | For more information on the proposed port developments in the western United States please visit the '''[[Coal exports from northwest United States ports]]''' article.
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| − | ====Proposed Millennium Bulk Logistics Longview Terminal====
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| − | In September 2010 [[Peabody Energy]] announced that "Coal's best days are ahead." Peabody stated that exports of coal from the Powder River Basin in Montana and Wyoming will be central to its expansion goals. The ''Oregonian'' in September 2010 reported that Northwest ports, and in particular ports in Portland, Oregon, may be used in the future to export coal to Asia. The Port of Portland said it doesn't have the space for coal exports in the short-term, but its consultants cited coal as a potential long-term market if it adds terminals on West Hayden Island.[[Image:BeyondCoalExports-NorthwestMap-2.jpg|thumb|right|Proposed Northwest Coal Export Locations.]]
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| − | In early November 2010 Australia-based [[Ambre Energy]] asked Cowlitz County officials in southern Washington State, which borders Oregon, to approve a port redevelopment that would allow for the export of 5 million tons of coal annually. On November 23 Cowlitz County officials approved the permit for the port redevelopment, which is to be located at the private Chinook Ventures port in Longview, Washington. Coal terminals also are proposed at two other sites along the Columbia River.<ref>[http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2010/11/cowlitz_county_approves_permit.html "Cowlitz County approves permits to export coal to Asia from port in Longview, Wash."] Scott Lean, ''The Oregonian'', November 23, 2010.</ref>{{#evp:youtube|AWYmT5nEA0M|Coalition Protests Ambre Energy's Push for Coal Exports.|right|200}}
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| − | | |
| − | Environmentalists stated that they would oppose any such actions, arguing that coal contributes to pollution and global warming.<ref>[http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2010/09/global_mining_companies_are_fo.html "Mining companies aim to export coal to China through Northwest ports"] Scott Learn, Oregonian, September 8, 2010.</ref> Early discussion of how many jobs the port would produce was roughly twenty total.<ref>[http://blog.seattlepi.com/seattlepolitics/2011/03/15/strategic-withdrawal-for-longview-coal-exporter/ "Strategic withdrawal for Longview coal exporter"] Joel Connelly, Seattle Post Intelligencer, March 15, 2011.</ref>
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| − | | |
| − | In November 2010 Powder River Basin coal producer Cloud Peak Energy CEO Colin Marshall stated that a coal port on the West Coast was "absolutely more than a pipedream."
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| − | Other Powder River Basin producers, including top US coal miner Peabody Energy, have talked about the potential for a new export facility on the West Coast, with Oregon and Washington being mentioned as the top locations of choice.<ref>[http://www.miningweekly.com/article/when-rather-than-if-for-new-west-coast-coal-port-2010-11-12 "'When rather than if' for new West Coast coal port"] Liezal Hall, MiningWeekly.com, November 12, 2010.</ref>
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| − | Groups including the [[Sierra Club]] and [[Columbia Riverkeeper]] have vowed to stop the industry's expansion into Asia, a market currently dominated by coal from Australia and Indonesia.<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wirestory?id=12165543&page=2 "Coal Industry Seeks to Export Through Wash. State"] Matthew Brown & Phuonge Le, Associated Press, November 16, 2010.</ref>
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| − | ====Proposed Terminal: [[Gateway Pacific Terminal]]====
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| − | The [[Gateway Pacific Terminal]] is a proposed terminal at Cherry Point near Ferndale, Washington, and would have a maximum capacity of about 54 million tons. On February 28, 2011, SSA Marine applied for state and federal permits for the $500 million terminal, triggering formal environmental review. If approved, the terminal would begin construction in early 2013 and operations in 2015.<ref name=js>John Stark, [http://www.bellinghamherald.com/2011/03/01/1891340/gateway-pacific-terminal-at-cherry.html#ixzz1FPb9Pknd "Gateway Pacific terminal at Cherry Point starts permit process"] The Seattle Times, March 1, 2011.</ref>
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| − | On March 1, 2011, Seattle-based SSA Marine announced it had entered into an agreement with St. Louis-based [[Peabody Energy]] to export up to 24 million metric tons of coal per year through the Gateway Pacific Terminal. Goldman Sachs owns a portion of SSA Marine's parent company. According to Peabody, the terminal in Whatcom County would serve as the West Coast hub for exporting Peabody's coal from the [[Powder River Basin]] of Wyoming and Montana to Asian markets. The project would ramp up potential [[U.S. coal exports]] to Asia from Washington state. Another coal export terminal proposed in Longview, the [[Millennium Bulk Logistics Longview Terminal]] in southwest Washington, has drawn environmental opposition. That Millennium Bulk Logistics terminal would be a joint venture between Australia-based [[Ambre Energy]] and [[Arch Coal]].<ref name=st>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2014368837_apwacherrypointterminal1stldwritethru.html "Bulk cargo terminal planned in Washington state"] Seattle Times, March 1, 2011.</ref>
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| − | Environmental groups have appealed to Washington's Shoreline Hearings Board over a permit awarded for the port by Cowlitz County commissioners.<ref name=st/>
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| − | According to Gateway Pacific Terminal's website the company plans on providing a "highly efficient portal for American producers to export dry bulk commodities such as grain, potash and coal to Asian markets." Additionally, the site contends that the "Gateway project will generate about 4,000 jobs and about $54 million a year in tax revenue for state and local services. Once in full operation, it's estimated that Gateway will provide almost $10 million a year in tax revenue, create about 280 permanent family-wage jobs directly, and nearly 1,400 additional jobs through terminal purchases and employee spending."<ref>[http://www.gatewaypacificterminal.com/project/ "Gateway Pacific Terminal Overview"] Gateway Pacific Terminal website, accessed April 19, 2011.</ref>
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| − | During the week of June 6-10, 2011 SSA Marine filed a permit application the proposed Gateway Pacific Terminal. The application read:
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| − | "The applications submitted herein will cover the difference in scope between that approved project and our full buildout plan."
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| − | The earlier permit was noted in the application was approved by the Whatcom County Council in 1997. At that time, it envisioned a 180-acre development that would handle 8.2 million tons of cargoes per year, including petroleum coke (produced by local refineries) iron ore, sulfur, potash and wood chips. Coal was not mentioned an an export commodity in the earlier permit.<ref>[http://blogs.bellinghamherald.com/politics/politics/gateway-pacific-permit-application-now-available-online/#respond "Gateway Pacific permit application now available online"] John Stark, The Bellingham Herald, June 14, 2011.</ref>
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| − | Later in June 2011, Whatcom County officials announced that SSA must apply for a new permit for its proposed Gateway Terminal.<ref name=rep>[http://www.bellinghamherald.com/2011/06/23/2073486/whatcom-county-gateway-pacific.html#ixzz1QarVWIDC "Whatcom County: Gateway Pacific cargo terminal needs new permit"] Jared Paben, ''The Bellingham Herald'', June 23, 2011.</ref>
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| − | ====Seward Coal Terminal, Alaska====
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| − | The Seward Coal Loading Facility, referred to as the Seward Coal Terminal, was built in 1984 to provide for the export of coal from [[Usibelli Coal Mine]]. The facility consists of a railroad spur, a variety of coal storage and handling and loading equipment, as well as a large dock. The Alaska Railroad purchased the facility in 2003 and has performed a variety of upgrades including an ongoing expansion of the coal storage areas in anticipation of increased coal exports from Alaska.<ref name=ala>[http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/Issues/AlaskaCoal/SewardCoalPort.html "Exporting Alaska's Coal"] Ground Truth Trekking, accessed June 13, 2011.</ref>
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| − | ====Railroad company looks at [[Port of Grays Harbor]] in Washington State for coal exports====
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| − | It was reported in July 2011 that a railroad was looking at a Port of Grays Harbor terminal in Hoquiam, Washington for a terminal to ship coal to China. RailAmerica Vice Predident Gary Lewis told The Daily World of Aberdeen the idea would require further study and the project is several years from being completed.
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| − | RailAmerica owns the Puget Sound and Pacific Railroad that serves Grays Harbor. The port's potential coal export terminal, located on a former log yard, could bring another 75 ship calls a year to Grays Harbor.<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2015764828_apwacoalterminalhoquiam.html "Coal export terminal studied at Hoquiam"] Associated Press, Seattle Times, July 29, 2011.</ref>
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| − | In August 2011 it was announced that RailAmerica was canceling its plan for a coal storage and export facility at the port's Terminal 3. The company said they believed there are other uses for the terminal that are more likely to generate jobs, tax revenues and business for the port and for the company, said Gary Lewis. As such plans to export coal from Grays Harbor were cancelled.<ref>[http://www.thenewstribune.com/2012/08/14/2255740/rail-company-shelving-hoquiam.html#storylink=cpy "Rail company shelving coal export plans for Hoquiam port"] Associated Press, August 14, 2012.</ref>
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| − | ==Coal export studies==
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| − | * [http://www.sightline.org/research/energy/coal/coal-FAQ.pdf '''Coal Export FAQ'''], Sightline Institute, September 2011
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| − | * Daniel M. Firger, [http://www.law.columbia.edu/null/download?&exclusive=filemgr.download&file_id=59591 '''Carbon Offshoring: The Legal and Regulatory Framework for U.S. Coal Exports'''] Columbia Center for Climate Change Law, July 2011
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| − | *Tom Kenworthy and Kate Gordon, [http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/04/pdf/coal_exports.pdf '''Coal-Fired Conflict: Enabling Exports Clouds Environmental, Economic Goals'''] Center for American Progress, April 2011
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| − | *[http://www.worc.org/userfiles/file/Coal/Exporting_Powder_River_Basin_Coal_Risks_and_Cost.pdf '''Exporting Power River Basin Coal: Risks and Costs'''] Western Organization of Resource Councils, January, 2011
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| − | ==Resources==
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| − | ===References===
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| − | {{reflist|2}}
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| − | | |
| − | ===Related SourceWatch articles===
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| − | * [[U.S. coal exports]]
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| − | *[[United States and coal]]
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| − | *[[Millennium Bulk Terminals]]
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| − | *[[Australia and coal]]
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| − | *[[Colombia and coal]]
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| − | *[[Global use and production of coal]]
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| − | *[[Indonesia and coal]]
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| − | *[[South Africa and coal]]
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| − | *[[Corporate market share of global coal export trade]]
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| − | *[[U.S. coal exports]]
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| − | *[[Coal terminals]]
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| − | *[[Coal Exports from Northwest United States Ports]]
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| − | ===External resources===
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| − | *Elisabeth Rosenthal, [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/science/earth/22fossil.html?src=mv "Nations That Debate Coal Use Export It to Feed China’s Need"] NY Times, Nov. 21, 2010.
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| − | [[Category:Environment]][[Category:Mining]][[Category:United States]][[Category: Citizen activism on coal]][[Category:Coal transport and infrastructure]]
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