Difference between revisions of "Eliot Spindel"

Latest revision as of 21:44, 25 December 2019

This article is part of the Tobacco portal on Sourcewatch funded from 2006 - 2009 by the American Legacy Foundation.

Eliot Spindel, MD, PhD is an associate professor in Neuroscience and Medicine at Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU). Dr. Spindel received a B.S. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1980. He was employed as an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard until 1989, when he received his appointment at OHSU. According to his OHSU bio, his research "focuses on the role of nicotine in lung disease and lung development and new clinical therapies". "His co-workers have discovered that the nicotine in cigarettes is one of the key factors in harming fetal development." ^[1], ^[2]

Nicotine studies on pregnant & infant primates

Eliot Spindel has conducted nicotine studies ^[3] on rhesus monkeys since 1978, although the futility of animal testing in tobacco studies has been well documented. ^[4] Originally, he injected pregnant monkeys with nicotine in order to study lung development on fetuses. In 2000, he began allowing monkey fetuses to grow to full term before killing the infants in different developmental stages; again, to "study their lung development". While nicotine addiction programs and prenatal care are not available to many who require them, Spindel's studies continue to be funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). According to Eliot Spindel, who reported his research to the Journal of Life Sciences:

"Our discovery reveals the little extra push by nicotine. This loop can be revved up by smoking, so there's no question that not smoking is the best thing you can do." ^[5]

Vitamin C studies

OHSU's Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) houses almost 4,000 primates and has used over 900 in painful experiments, including tobacco, nicotine and pregnancy studies. Eliot Spindel injects pregnant monkeys with nicotine and gives one group high doses of vitamin C (to prove that pregnant women can smoke if they take vitamin C). He then removes their fetuses by C-section and performs invasive "lung function" tests on babies, after which they are killed to conduct necropsies. ^[6]

Human epidemiological studies & CDC statistics on birth defects

In 1972, human epidemiological studies confirmed that smoking caused fetal abnormalities.^[7]

The Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP) monitors birth defects using data collected when newborn infants are discharged from hospital. The BDMP was initiated by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 1974. In 1990, researchers looking for trends examined records for 38 types of birth defects from 1979-80 through 1986-87. During this seven-year period, of the 38 types of birth defects, 29 increased; two decreased; and seven remained stable (meaning they changed less than 2% per year during the period). ^[8] Approximately 25% of all infant deaths could be eliminated with better pre-natal services. Infant deaths would decrease by 10 to 25% if women gave up smoking during pregnancy. Alcohol abuse during pregnancy is the leading cause of preventable birth defects. ^[9]

Whistle blowing: former employee - 1998 to 2000

During his employment at ONPRC, Matt Rossell took notes, photographs and videos of housing, experiments and effects on monkeys. According to Mr. Rossell, his original intent was to seek internal changes. ^[10] He worked as an animal care technician at the center for over two years, from 1998 to 2000:

"Among the most horrifying things I witnessed at the lab were the times when baby monkeys were stolen away from their mothers. This was a chaotic, ugly, heart-wrenching scene. A worker wearing thick leather gloves would reach into the cage where the baby clung to her mother's breast, and snatch the baby by one shoulder and arm and rip her from her mother who was screaming and desperately fighting to keep her baby safe. Once removed, the entire room of monkeys would erupt into total pandemonium—screaming, thrashing and crashing against the sides of their cages—some even reaching out through the bars in vain to get the baby back."

Pregnant monkeys are subjected to multiple surgeries to implant nicotine pumps in their backs. Subsequent surgeries change the pumps up to five times during their pregnancies. Infants are cut out of their wombs at various stages of development in order to dissect their lungs. At OHSU and other government funded laboratories, an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is responsible for approving research projects. According to Mr. Rossell:

"There was literally no discussion; (Dr. Spindel's) grant was approved without question. The IACUC is made of employees of the lab all with a vested interest to approve these proposals. It's just a rubber stamp committee that gives the illusion of oversight." ^[11]

ONPRC

The center employed only two care takers for 1,500 animals (predominately highly intelligent and social rhesus maques). Carelessly conducted experiments were carried out by poorly trained animal technicians performing assembly-line style research at a break neck pace. Distressed, diseased infant monkeys lived in their own filth and adult monkeys self mutilated. Infants were prematurely weaned (often causing illness) and placed in small isolation cages, where the monkeys cried out for their mothers. Industry experts agree that isolation during infancy is linked to psychosis and self-mutilation in later life, yet most monkeys are never paired. Almost all research monkeys live alone in cramped, barren 4.3 cubic foot cages; the only break in their daily isolation being fear as they are manipulated for studies or while having their cages hosed down while inside (an animal welfare violation). ^[12] See also Oregon National Primate Research Center.

Funding

Eliot Spindel has received $7.6 million from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) since 1992. He is scheduled to be funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute until 2012. ^[13] See also National Institutes of Health, section 4.

Articles & sources

Sourcewatch articles

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{#badges: tobaccowiki}}
+{{Show badges| tobaccowiki}}
-'''Eliot Spindel, MD, PhD''' is an associate professor in Neuroscience and Medicine at Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU).
+'''Eliot Spindel, MD, PhD''' is an associate professor in Neuroscience and Medicine at Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU). Dr. Spindel received a B.S. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1980.  He was employed as an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard until 1989, when he received his appointment at OHSU.  According to his OHSU bio, his research "focuses on the role of nicotine in lung disease and lung development and new clinical therapies".  "His co-workers have discovered that the nicotine in cigarettes is one of the key factors in harming fetal development." <ref>[http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/research/centers-institutes/onprc/scientific-discovery/scientists/eliot-spindel.cfm Eliot Spindel] Oregon Health and Sciences University</ref>, <ref>[http://www.whitecoatwelfare.org/abstracts.shtml#spindel National Institutes of Health CRISP database describing monkey studies at OHSU], White Coat Welfare, accessed September 2009</ref>
-==Brief bio==
-Dr. Spindel received a B.S. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1980.  He was employed as an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard until 1989, when he received his appointment at OHSU.  According to his OHSU bio, his research "focuses on the role of nicotine in lung disease and lung development and new clinical therapies".  "His co-workers have discovered that the nicotine in cigarettes is one of the key factors in harming fetal development." <ref>[http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/research/centers-institutes/onprc/scientific-discovery/scientists/eliot-spindel.cfm Eliot Spindel] Oregon Health and Sciences University</ref>, <ref>[http://www.whitecoatwelfare.org/abstracts.shtml#spindel National Institutes of Health CRISP database describing monkey studies at OHSU], White Coat Welfare, accessed September 2009</ref>
-In 1972, human epidemiological studies confirmed that smoking caused fetal abnormalities.<ref>[http://www.whitecoatwelfare.org/settlement.shtml Wasted Tobacco Settlement Money], White Coat Welfare, accessed September 2009</ref>
-===CDCP statistics on birth defects===
-The Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP) monitors birth defects using data collected when newborn infants are discharged from hospital. The BDMP was initiated by the [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) in 1974. In 1990, researchers looking for trends examined  records for 38 types of birth defects from 1979-80 through 1986-87. During this seven-year period, of the 38 types of birth defects, 29 increased; two decreased; and seven remained stable (meaning they changed less than 2% per year during the period). <ref>Peter Montaque [http://www.ejnet.org/rachel/rehw410.htm Birth Defects: Part 1], Rachel's Environment & Health Weekly, #410, October 1994</ref>
-Approximately  25% of all infant deaths could be eliminated with better pre-natal services. Infant deaths would decrease by 10 to 25% if women gave up smoking during pregnancy.  Alcohol abuse during pregnancy is the leading cause of preventable birth defects. <ref>[http://www.marchofcrimes.com/facts.html The March Of Dimes' Crimes Against Animals], [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]], accessed June 2009</ref>
 ==Nicotine studies on pregnant & infant primates==
-Eliot Spindel has conducted nicotine studies on rhesus monkeys since 1978, <ref>[http://www.tobacco.org/news/121152.html Scientific Discovery: Eliot R. Spindel], Tobacco.org, March 2003</ref> although the futility of [[animal testing]] in tobacco studies has been well documented. <ref>See also [[animal testing]], section 5 on ''tobacco studies.''</ref> Originally, he injected pregnant monkeys with nicotine in order to study lung development on fetuses.  In 2000, he began allowing monkey fetuses to grow to full term before killing the infants in different developmental stages; again, to "study their lung development".  While nicotine addiction programs and prenatal care are not available to many who require them, Spindel's studies continue to be funded by the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH).  According to Eliot Spindel, who reported his research to the Journal of Life Sciences:
+Eliot Spindel has conducted nicotine studies <ref>[http://www.tobacco.org/news/121152.html Scientific Discovery: Eliot R. Spindel], Tobacco.org, March 2003</ref> on rhesus monkeys since 1978, although the futility of [[animal testing]] in tobacco studies has been well documented. <ref>See also [[animal testing]], section 5 on ''tobacco studies.''</ref> Originally, he injected pregnant monkeys with nicotine in order to study lung development on fetuses.  In 2000, he began allowing monkey fetuses to grow to full term before killing the infants in different developmental stages; again, to "study their lung development".  While nicotine addiction programs and prenatal care are not available to many who require them, Spindel's studies continue to be funded by the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH).  According to Eliot Spindel, who reported his research to the Journal of Life Sciences:
 "Our discovery reveals the little extra push by nicotine.  This loop can be revved up by smoking, so there's no question that not smoking is the best thing you can do." <ref>[http://www.whitecoatwelfare.org/settlement.shtml Wasted Tobacco Settlement Money], White Coat Welfare, accessed September 2009</ref>
-===Nicotine & vitaman C studies on pregnant & infant primates===
+===Vitamin C studies===
-OHSU's Oregon Regional Primate Research Center (ORPRC) houses almost 4,000 primates and has used over 900 in painful experiments, including tobacco, nicotine and pregnancy studies.  Eliot Spindel injects pregnant monkeys with nicotine and gives one group high doses of vitamin C (to prove that pregnant women can smoke if they take vitamin C).  He then removes their fetuses by C-section and performs invasive "lung function" tests on babies, after which they are killed to conduct necropsies.   <ref>[http://www.stopanimaltests.com/f-worstlabs_08.asp Oregon Health & Science University], [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]], accessed February 2009</ref>
+OHSU's [[Oregon National Primate Research Center]] (ONPRC) houses almost 4,000 primates and has used over 900 in painful experiments, including tobacco, nicotine and pregnancy studies.  Eliot Spindel injects pregnant monkeys with nicotine and gives one group high doses of vitamin C (to prove that pregnant women can smoke if they take vitamin C).  He then removes their fetuses by C-section and performs invasive "lung function" tests on babies, after which they are killed to conduct necropsies. <ref>[http://www.stopanimaltests.com/f-worstlabs_08.asp Oregon Health & Science University], [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]], accessed February 2009</ref>
-===Undercover investigation===
+=== Human epidemiological studies & CDC statistics on birth defects===
-From 1998 to 2000, Matt Rossell, an employee of the [[animal rights]] and laboratory [[watchdog]] group, In Defense of Animals (IDA), conducted an undercover investigation of Eliot Spindel's experiments as OHSU while employed as a primate caretaker at OHSU.  According to Mr. Rossell, infant monkeys were removed from their mothers by cesarean section before their due date.  In these case, he witnessed clinical depression among the mothers.  Other monkey mothers were allowed to keep their babies for weeks or months before having them taken away for experiments.  According to his investigation:
+In 1972, human epidemiological studies confirmed that smoking caused fetal abnormalities.<ref>[http://www.whitecoatwelfare.org/settlement.shtml Wasted Tobacco Settlement Money], White Coat Welfare, accessed September 2009</ref>
-:"Among the most horrifying things I witnessed at the lab were the times when baby monkeys were stolen away from their mothers. This was a chaotic, ugly, heart-wrenching scene. A worker wearing thick leather gloves would reach into the cage where the baby clung to her mother's breast, and snatch the baby by one shoulder and arm and rip her from her mother who was screaming and desperately fighting to keep her baby safe. Once removed, the entire room of monkeys would erupt into total pandemonium—screaming, thrashing and crashing against the sides of their cages—some even reaching out through the bars in vain to get the baby back."
+The Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP) monitors birth defects using data collected when newborn infants are discharged from hospital. The BDMP was initiated by the [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) in 1974. In 1990, researchers looking for trends examined  records for 38 types of birth defects from 1979-80 through 1986-87. During this seven-year period, of the 38 types of birth defects, 29 increased; two decreased; and seven remained stable (meaning they changed less than 2% per year during the period). <ref>Peter Montaque [http://www.ejnet.org/rachel/rehw410.htm Birth Defects: Part 1], Rachel's Environment & Health Weekly, #410, October 1994</ref> Approximately  25% of all infant deaths could be eliminated with better pre-natal services. Infant deaths would decrease by 10 to 25% if women gave up smoking during pregnancy.  Alcohol abuse during pregnancy is the leading cause of preventable birth defects. <ref>[http://www.marchofcrimes.com/facts.html The March Of Dimes' Crimes Against Animals], [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]], accessed June 2009</ref>
-Pregnant monkeys are subjected to multiple surgeries to implant nicotine pumps in their backs. Subsequent surgeries change the pumps up to five times during their pregnancies.  Infants are cut out of their wombs at various stages of development in order to dissect their lungs.  At OHSU and other government funded laboratories, an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is responsible for approving research projects.  According to Matt Rossell:
+==Whistle blowing: former employee - 1998 to 2000==
-:"There was literally no discussion; the grant was approved without question. The IACUC is made of employees of the lab all with a vested interest to approve these proposals. It's just a rubber stamp committee that gives the illusion of oversight." <ref>[http://www.vivisectioninfo.org/campaigns/spindel/ Help End Nicotine Experiments on Monkeys at OSHU: This is Thimble], In Defense of Animals, accessed September 2009</ref>
+During his employment at ONPRC, Matt Rossell took notes, photographs and videos of housing, experiments and effects on monkeys.  According to Mr. Rossell, his original intent was to seek internal changes. <ref>Phillip Dawdy [http://www.wweek.com/html2/science010301.html Shock the Monkey], Willamette Weekly, January 2001</ref> He worked as an animal care technician at the center for over two years, from 1998 to 2000:
-==Investigation & general animal welfare issues==
+:"Among the most horrifying things I witnessed at the lab were the times when baby monkeys were stolen away from their mothers. This was a chaotic, ugly, heart-wrenching scene. A worker wearing thick leather gloves would reach into the cage where the baby clung to her mother's breast, and snatch the baby by one shoulder and arm and rip her from her mother who was screaming and desperately fighting to keep her baby safe. Once removed, the entire room of monkeys would erupt into total pandemonium—screaming, thrashing and crashing against the sides of their cages—some even reaching out through the bars in vain to get the baby back."
-ORPRC employed only two care takers for 1,500 animals.  Carelessly conducted experiments were carried out by poorly trained animal technicians forced by scientists to perform the assembly-line style research at a break neck pace.  The majority of primates at ORPRC are highly intelligent and social rhesus macaques.  The investigation revealed distressed and diseased infant monkeys living in their own filth and adult monkeys who self mutilated.  At ORPRC, infants are  prematurely weaned (which frequently makes them ill) and placed in small isolation cages.  Distressed monkeys cried out for their mothers.  Industry experts agree that isolation during infancy is linked to psychosis and self-mutilation in later life, yet most monkeys are never paired.  Almost all caged research monkeys live alone in cramped, barren 4.3 cubic foot cages.  The only break in their daily boredom is fear as they are being manipulated for studies or having their cages hosed down while inside (an animal welfare violation).
-Rhesus macaques' native climates are the dry savannas of India and China.  However, hundreds of these monkeys are warehoused outdoors in crude, corrugated metal enclosures for low-cost breeding in harsh Portland winter rains. Exposure leaves them wet, muddy, stressed and vulnerable to infections.  The investigator witnessed epidemic outbreaks of painful shigella and listeriosis which left hundreds of monkeys sick and dozens of infants still born.  One epidemic raged for months after management insisted that four sick monkeys be placed in a corral with healthy monkeys, to make room for a shipment of monkeys from China.  When it became obvious that management would not correct substandard conditions, the investigator made an anonymous complaint to Dr. Isis Johnson-Brown, Oregon's [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]] (USDA) inspector. (Normally, USDA inspections are highly orchestrated tours no more than once or twice a year.)  However, Dr. Johnson-Brown took her job of documenting violations seriously. <ref>Matt Rossell [http://www.undercovertv.org/story-0603.php Stories From the Inside: Statement of Matt Rossell Oregon Health Sciences University], IDA Undercover TV, August 2000</ref> Although the USDA cleared the center of any wrong doing, she charged her own supervisors were working against her efforts and that her willingness to uphold the law led to her being "retrained" several times by USDA higher ups.  According to her statements during a Portland news conference in August of 2000:
-:"ORPRC has over a thousand monkeys locked individually in small cages. Such isolation is a known cause of neurosis and often psychosis. Photographic documentation reveals that these problems at ORPRC are so severe that the animals chew holes in their own arms, spin incessantly, drink their urine, gouge their own eyes, and attack themselves in various ways." <ref>[http://idausa.org/news/newsarchives/news_ohsu0829.html Former USDA Animal Care Inspector Exposes Agency's Disregard for Law], IDA News Release, August 2000</ref>
-===Oregon Regional Primate Research Center (ORPRC)===
-According to critics, the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center has produced no significant benefits to human health in over forty years, billions in funds and countless lives lost. The facility is currently under a twenty year expansion which will increase animal research on-site in Beaverton, Oregon. <ref>[http://caatinfo.org/CAATHOME.htm No Cures in 40 Years: Shut Down the OHSU/Oregon Primate Center], Coalition to Abolish Animal Testing, accessed September 2009</ref> In 1962, the ORPRC opened as the first of eight regional primate research centers in the U.S. in an attempt to narrow the gap between the U.S. and the Soviet space programs.  The center merged with OHSU in 1998 and became eligible for state funds of approximately 30 million dollars annually. Its population of (predominantly) rhesus monkeys are so cognitively advanced, that they can beat an average 9 year old at computer games.
-===The Shively Report===
-In September of 2000, Dr. Carol Shively, a professor from Wake Forest University Medical School, was hired by ORPRC to assess the center's primate program.  Her subsequent report is one of the few known instances of a primate researcher engaging in unsparing, documented criticism of colleagues.  Among other things, the report faults the primate center for electro-ejaculation.  The procedure is used to gather sperm from monkeys being studied for reproductive biology, a specialty.  The sperm is collected as often as once a week from each of a dozen monkeys (chosen for their genetic line) by strapping a male rhesus into a chair, wrapping metal bands around his penis, attaching electrodes and giving him electric shocks to make him ejaculate. In December of 2000, the Willamette Weekly learned of the report and requested a copy under the Oregon open records law.  ORPRC and OHSU legal counsel at first denied the report and then repeated requests until the report was finally released to the news paper on March 7, 2001. <ref>Phillip Dawdy [http://www.wweek.com/html/leada032101.html Monkey in the Middle], Willamette Weekly, February 2001</ref>, <ref>Carol A. Shively, PhD [http://www.wweek.com/html/shivreport.html The Psychology and Well Being of Laboratory Primates at Oregon National Regional Primate Research Center], September 2000</ref>, <ref>Phillip Dawdy [http://www.wweek.com/html2/science010301.html Shock the Monkey], Willamette Weekly, January 2001</ref>
-===Ten Worst Laboratories===
+Pregnant monkeys are subjected to multiple surgeries to implant nicotine pumps in their backs. Subsequent surgeries change the pumps up to five times during their pregnancies.  Infants are cut out of their wombs at various stages of development in order to dissect their lungs.  At OHSU and other government funded laboratories, an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is responsible for approving research projects.  According to Mr. Rossell:
-OHSU is listed on [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA)'s [[ten worst laboratories]] according to worst violations of the Animal Welfare Act; <ref>[http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/legislat/usdaleg1.htm Animal Welfare Act and Regulations], [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]], August 2003</ref> largest numbers of animals killed; most painful and invasive experiments and least willing to make improvements. <ref>[http://www.stopanimaltests.com/f-worstlabs.asp PETA’s ‘10 Worst Laboratories’ List], [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]], accessed December  2008</ref>
-==Public relations==
+:"There was literally no discussion; (Dr. Spindel's) grant was approved without question. The IACUC is made of employees of the lab all with a vested interest to approve these proposals. It's just a rubber stamp committee that gives the illusion of oversight." <ref>[http://www.vivisectioninfo.org/campaigns/spindel/ Help End Nicotine Experiments on Monkeys at OSHU: This is Thimble], In Defense of Animals, accessed September 2009</ref>
-===Americans for Medical Progress===
+===ONPRC===
-[[Americans for Medical Progress]]'s (AMP) board of directors consists of senior executives and other representatives employed by the pharmaceutical and vivisection industries.  Board members represent multinational, billion dollar corporations as well as universities and institutions receiving government grants for vivisection. Four of the universities represented by AMP board members are on PETA's list of ten worst laboratories, including OHSU. <ref>[http://www.amprogress.org/site/c.jrLUK0PDLoF/b.1086423/k.65B3/AMP_BOARD_OF_DIRECTORS.htm Board of Directors], [[Americans for Medical Progress]], accessed May 2009</ref>
+The center employed only two care takers for 1,500 animals (predominately highly intelligent and social rhesus maques).  Carelessly conducted experiments were carried out by poorly trained animal technicians performing assembly-line style research at a break neck pace.  Distressed, diseased infant monkeys lived in their own filth and adult monkeys self mutilated.  Infants were prematurely weaned (often causing illness) and placed in small isolation cages, where the monkeys cried out for their mothers.  Industry experts agree that isolation during infancy is linked to psychosis and self-mutilation in later life, yet most monkeys are never paired.  Almost all research monkeys live alone in cramped, barren 4.3 cubic foot cages; the only break in their daily isolation being fear as they are manipulated for studies or while having their cages hosed down while inside (an animal welfare violation). <ref>Matt Rossell [http://www.undercovertv.org/story-0603.php Stories From the Inside: Statement of Matt Rossell Oregon Health Sciences University], In Defense of Animals Undercover TV, August 2000</ref>  See also [[Oregon National Primate Research Center]].
 ==Funding==
-===NIH grants 1992 to 2012===
+Eliot Spindel has received $7.6 million from the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) since 1992. He is scheduled to be funded by the [[National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]] until 2012. <ref>[http://www.vivisectioninfo.org/campaigns/spindel/ Help End Nicotine Experiments on Monkeys at OSHU: This is Thimble], In Defense of Animals, accessed September 2009</ref> See also [[National Institutes of Health]], section 4.
-Eliot Spindel has received $7.6 million from the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) since 1992. He is scheduled to be funded by the [[National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]] until 2012. <ref>[http://www.vivisectioninfo.org/campaigns/spindel/ Help End Nicotine Experiments on Monkeys at OSHU: This is Thimble], In Defense of Animals, accessed September 2009</ref> See also [[National Institutes of Health]], sections 4 & 5.
-===Oregon tobacco settlement money given to OHSU for "research"===
-In November 2000, Oregon ballot measure 89, <ref>[http://www.sos.state.or.us/elections/nov72000/guide/mea/m89/89ex.htm Oregon Ballot Measure 89], Explanatory Statement, 2000</ref> which would have awarded OHSU up to ten million dollars in tobacco settlement money, was defeated. So, legislators took the liberty to award over 20 times that amount. In spite of the defeat of the ballot for 10 million, Oregon Senate Bill 832, which became law on August 8th, 2001, handed over approximately 200 million dollars to OHSU for research.  <ref>[http://www.ohsukillsprimates.com/Tobacco.htm Tobacco Settlement To Be Wasted by OHSU: Oregon Legislators Decide No Means Yes], Coalition to Abolish Animal Testing, accessed September 2009</ref>
-The passage in the May 2002 election of measures 10 and 11 awarded OHSU more power and funding.  The objective of Measure 10 was to allow private gain from tax funded research.  The stated purposed was to allow "public universities and colleges to hold and dispose of stock received in exchange for technology they create."  Measure 11 changed the Oregon constitution by directing the State Treasurer to issue bonds for $200 million dollars for the "Oregon Opportunity Plan", created by OHSU to expand it's  bio-tech industry.  The total cost to Oregon over 20 years is approximately is $316 million dollars.  <ref>[http://www.whitecoatwelfare.org/tobaccoheist.shtml SB832: $200 Million Dollar Heist...one way or another], White Coat Welfare, accessed September 2009</ref>
 ==Articles & sources==
@@ Line 68: / Line 38: @@
 ===Sourcewatch articles===
 * [[Animal testing]]
+* [[Americans for Medical Progress]]
 * [[Humane Movement]]
 * [[National Institutes of Health]]
+* [[National Primate Research Center System]]
+* [[Oregon National Primate Research Center]]
 * [[Ten Worst Laboratories]]
 * [[Tobacco industry]]
@@ Line 79: / Line 52: @@
 ===External articles===
 * [http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2008/04/375044.shtml Candle-Light Vigil for Animals in Labs at Eliot Spindel's house last night], Portland Independent Media Center, April 2008
+===External resources===
+* [http://www.smokinganimals.com/facts.html Don't Get Burned by Phillip Morris: The Facts], [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]], accessed September 2009
-[[Category: Animal testing]] [[Category: Animal rights]] [[Category: Gross Animal Welfare Violations]] [[Category: Health]] [[Category: U.S. government]] [[Category: United States]]
+[[Category: Animal testing]] [[Category: Animal rights]] [[Category: Gross Animal Welfare Violations]] [[Category: Health]] [[Category: U.S. government]] [[Category: United States]] [[Category: Tobacco industry]]

Difference between revisions of "Eliot Spindel"

Latest revision as of 21:44, 25 December 2019

Contents

Nicotine studies on pregnant & infant primates

Vitamin C studies

Human epidemiological studies & CDC statistics on birth defects

Whistle blowing: former employee - 1998 to 2000

ONPRC

Funding

Articles & sources

Sourcewatch articles

References

External articles

External resources

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

Navigation

How To

Other Info

Other Policies

Tools