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{{Tobaccowiki}}'''The Independent Institute''' (TII) is a [[think tank]] that was founded in 1986 by [[David J. Theroux]], who is was also the president of the [[think tank]].

TII has been a vocal opponent of <font color=brown>Don't confuse it with the "war on drugs", immigration restrictions, corporate welfare, censorship, the neoconservative ("Bush Doctrine") of pre-emptive war, reproductive rights and the death penalty. It also contests the dominant view of scientists of the need for urgent action to curb greenhouse gase emissions[[Independence Institute]] which was established in Colorado with funding from [[Joseph Coors]].</font>

=== Antitrust ProtectionismThe Independent Institute has been a vocal opponent of the "war on drugs", Microsoftimmigration restrictions, corporate welfare, censorship, annd Oracle ===As with its opposition through its Center on Peace & Liberty[http://www.independent.org/research/copal] to the neoconservative ("Bush administration's Doctrine") of pre-emptive warswar, restrictions on reproductive rights, national security statism and the trampling on civil liberties, another example death penalty. Some of their analysts oppose the dominant view of scientists of how TII has taken on tough issues is the following:need for urgent action to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

The ''New York Times'' had on September 18, 1999 an article by Joel Brinkley called "&#8216;Unbiased&#8217; Ads for Microsoft Came at a Price". The ads had printed TII's ''Open Letter on Antitrust Protectionism'', which was signed by 240 academic economists However they are also part of the libertarian think-tank phenomenon and claimed that the economics in ("network externality" theoryabout) was erroneous that formed 1992 the basis for Institute under [[Robert Higgs]] took over the administration of the governmenttobacco industry's antitrust cases against such high-tech firms as Intel, Microsoft, Cisco Systems, VISA[[Cash for Comments Economists Network]] from [[Robert Tollison]], [[James Savarese]] and MasterCard. The signatories claimed that such policies were a form of mercantilism (corporatism or corporate statism) which would reduce competition and harm consumers, and were being pursued at the behest [[Center for the Study of rival firms who supported such measures as protectionism[http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=483Public Choice]].

In his article, Brinkley alleged that TII's position on this issue was the direct result of support it received from Microsoft, which he claimed had been a <table width="30%" bgcolor="eeeedd" border=1 rules=all cellpadding=5 align=right><tr bgcolor="secretcccccc" donor><th>RELATED ENTRIES</th></tr><tr><td>[[The Independent Institute/Personnel]]</td></tr><tr><td>[[Independent Institute (Doc Index)]]<tr><td>[[David J. In reply, Theroux noted that TII's research and publications on this matter began many years before (with numerous studies by TII research fellows and the first TII book on the subject, ''Antitrust and Monopoly'']] &nbsp; [[http:Robert Higgs]]</td></www.independent.orgtr><tr><td>[[Cash for Comments Economists Network]]</publicationstd></bookstr></book_summary.asp?bookIDtable>===31], published ten years earlier)TII, prior to the "browser wars", the Microsoft case, the Internet itself, Money and any support from Microsoft for TII. He further noted that when the ads were released, 3 1/2 months prior to the ''Times article'', he publicly anounced at a June 2nd Washington press conference that Microsoft was then providing 7-8% of TIIOracle's total donations, far less than the 20% claimed by the ''Times'' article. Theroux further noted that Microsoft was never TII's largest supporter, a fact proven to be the case[http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?idPrivate Investigators ===1069].

As [[Jacob Sullum]]In May 1999 The Independent Institute published the book ''Winners, an opponent of all victimless crime economic Losers and Microsoft: Competition and social laws, noted Antitrust in a syndicated column, the High Technology''Times'' story was published the exact Sunday before the day of the closing arguments in the Microsoft case[http://reasonby Stan J.com/sullum/110399Liebowitz and Stephen E.shtml]Margolis. Sullum A media release promoting the book stated that, the book "The story, which appeared just as closing arguments were being made in makes a compelling case that the Microsoft case, was based on purloined documents provided by 'real danger to American high technology leadership is a Microsoft adversary associated with the computer industry.'" Moreovertoo powerful, even David Callahan admitted in an attack article in the ''Washington Monthly'' that, "Given their world view, Theroux too intrusive government which believes it knows consumer preferences and his colleagues at the Independent Institute would probably be bashing the government prosecutors after Microsoft regardless of who gave them moneyneeds better than they do."[http://www.washingtonmonthlyindependent.comorg/featuresstore/1999/9911book_detail.callahan.think.htmlasp?bookID=50] In response, Sullum then noted that, "This is no small concession, since Callahan’s argument hinges on the idea that corporate funding influences the conclusions that think tanks reach." Inded, as Theroux noted, "Our restriction on ''all'' funding is that it is non-contractual, meaning that the funding sources have no say in the research and how the funding is spent. All of the Institute’s work is based on one and only one criterion, peer-reviewed science." He further stated that, "There is absolutely ''no'' evidence that ''any'' aspect of the Institute’s research has ever been affected one way or the other by whether Microsoft or anyone was or was not a supporter of The Independent Institute. Furthermore, there is ''no'' evidence that ''any'' of the Institute’s findings are incorrect."

Theroux pursued the matter furtherOn June 2, insisting that the 1999 The Independent Institute "sponsored" full-page advertisements - titled ''Times'Open Letter on Antitrust Protectionism' piece's admission that another computer firm was behind the story was indeed the case. Nine months later, front-page articles appeared in the ''Wall Street JournalWashington Post'' and the ''New York Times'' confirming Theroux's claim. The ads were signed by 240 academic economists and claimed "headline-grabbing cases against Microsoft, Intel, Cisco Systems, Visa and MasterCard, reporting that when finally corneredalong with a flurry of merger investigations now under way, Oracle Corporation CEO Larry Ellison had admitted would appear to launching demonstrate the need for a clandestine campaign vigorously enforced antitrust policy that will create checks and balances to discredit TII’s workeliminate consumer harm. However, consumers did not ask for these antitrust actions — rival business firms did. [http://www.wiredindependent.comorg/newspdf/politicsopen_letters/0,1283,37278,00antitrust.htmlpdf]. Oracle had hired Terry Lenzner's CIA-connected Investigative Group International (IGIPdf), fronting as "Upstream Technologies", to as Theroux noted, "employ back-alley tactics, subterfuge, and disinformation in order to achieve its aims. For an organization that uses IGI, 'Upstream Technologies', and others to front its operations, we fail to see how Oracle has a leg to stand on. And, since Oracle grew out of a contract with the CIA and is proudly named after that CIA project, what does this say about the corporate culture at Oracle? We challenge Oracle’s executives--and renew our invitation to Assistant Attorney General Joel Klein--to publicly debate the central economic, legal, and social issues of antitrust, competition, and high technology." Theroux further noted that six months prior to the ''Times'' article and threee months prior to the ads, he had sent Ellison a copy of the manuscript for the then forthcoming TII book, ''Winners, Losers & Microsoft''(See accompanying [http://www.independent.org/publicationsnewsroom/books/book_summaryarticle.asp?bookIDid=50483 media release], asking for comments). When published in that late spring, the book, which was based on TIIThe advertisement also promoted ''s research from years earlierWinners, critiqued "network externality" theory Losers and Microsoft: Competition and received universal, glowing reviews Antitrust in High Technology''. The Economist''same day, ''Wall Street Journal'', ''Wired'', ''Upside'', ''Financial Times'', and elsewhereTII held a media conference in Washington D.C. Theroux added that clearly Ellison's response was that since he could not refute TII's analysis and unveiling the advertisements as well knew that TII could ''not'' be bought by anyone, his choice was to try to kick up enough dust to cloud co-inciding with the issue and prevent any real public discussion when resumption of the case was reaching its climax. (Theroux also noted that at no time during the antitrust case did anti-trust trial involving Microsoft use ''any'' of TII's analysis.) However, despite the confusion that resulted from Oracle's campaign, TII's work remains unrefuted today.

== Funding ==A little over three months later ''New York Times'' reporter Joel Brinkley revealed that the advertisements had been paid for by [[Microsoft]]. Public relations manager for the company, Greg Shaw, told Brinkley that "we thought this was an important, substantive letter, and we were interested in contributing to making it visible. In our view, the letter speaks for itself." [http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/biztech/articles/18soft.html] Based on internal TII documents "provided to The New York Times by a Microsoft adversary associated with the computer industry who refused to be further identified", Brinkley revealed that Microsoft "has secretly served as the institute's largest outside financial benefactor in the last year." [http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/biztech/articles/18soft.html] The Independent Brinkley reported that while the Institute subscribes 's Theroux had "long acknowledged" Microsoft as a funder of the think tank, he downplayed the company's role as being "just one of 2,000 members" which had paid an annual membership fee of roughly $10,000 a year. Theroux told Brinkley that all Microsoft gained was "free copies of our publications, discounted tickets to our events" and denied that Microsoft had any role with the newspaper ads which he said were "were paid for out of our general funds." [http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/biztech/articles/18soft.html] However, TII internal documents revealed that Microsoft had contributed $203,217 for the year to that June, making it the single largest contributor. Brinkley calculated that Microsoft's contribution amounted to approximately 20% of the funds in that year from external sources,excluding $304,725 that Theroux contributed to his own foundation. [http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/biztech/articles/18soft.html] One of the documents provided to Brinkley was a bill for $153,868.67 covering the cost of the ads plus Theroux'Donors travel expenses from San Francisco to Washington for the news conference. The bill was sent to Microsoft's Bill John Kelly. When asked by Brinkley about the bill Theroux confimed that Microsoft had paid for the ads but claimed it made no difference. "The academic process we use is independent of Rightssources of revenue," he said. [http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/biztech/articles/18soft.html] When contacting the academics to sign on to their advertisement, TII did not disclose Microsoft's funding. One of the At least one academic who signed the ad disagreed. Simon Hakim, an economist at Temple University told Brinkley "He should have told us. I would not have participated if I had known. It's not right to use people as a vehicle for special interests," he said. [http://www.independentnytimes.orgcom/library/tech/99/09/biztech/membershiparticles/donorsbill18soft.asphtml] Nor did Stan Liebowitz, one of the co-authors of the TII published book ''Winners, Losers and is supported by hundreds Microsoft'', know of the company's funding though he stated "it doesn't matter to me." [http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/09/biztech/articles/18soft.html] The day after Brinkley's article appeared, Theroux issued a media release focussing on the origin of foundationsthe documents from a Microsoft adversary and claiming they had been "stolen". However, businessesTheroux did not dispute the specific funding amounts referred to. He stated that "our final year-end records do not agree with the numbers he had been provided by his source" and claimed that at the media conference he had stated that the Microsoft funding amounted only to 7%. "It now appears the final figure is about 8%, civic organizationsa statistically insignificant difference, and individuals through its membership program and through far less than the sale of publications20% figure Mr. As suchBrinkley claimed in his article, " Theroux claimed. [http://independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1069] In June 2000 the ''Wall Street Journal'' revealed that the the Independent Institute accepts no government nor 's funding documents had been obtained by by staff of [[Investigative Group International]], a private investigation firm hired by Microsoft'anys rival Oracle. The WSJ reported that while Theroux suspected they had been stolen, those familiar with the operation hinted that they were obtained by rifling through the think tank'' form s office trash. [http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-502575.html] == Environmental Issues ==Much of the Anti-Global Warming rhetoric published by The Independent Institute is the work of a few persons, and one stands out, both in quantity of releases, as well as notoriety, [[S. Fred Singer]] who ran the climate-denial tobacco-funded organisation [[Science & Environmental Policy Project]] (SEPP).  Other analysts at the Independent Institute agreed that the environment was a pressing concern, including the issue of contract fundinggreenhouse gas emissions. Where they dissented from current environmental theory is in their proposed methodologies for remediation; they propose strong private property and free market solutions rather than regulation, a libertarian model for environmentalism.

The Independent Institute received from Philip Morris in 1997 a donation of $10,000 [http{{Template://www.pmdocs.com/getimg.asp?if=&DOCID=2063351196/1220&PGNO=2063351215] and in 1998 a donation of $25,000. [http://www.pmdocs.com/getimg.asp?DOCID=2065243965/3979&PGNO=2065243972]AntiEnvironmentalArchives}}

== Tobacco Industry ==[[ExxonRobert D. Tollison]], [[Richard E. Wagner]] and [[Thomas Gale Moore]] donated $10are members of the Board of Advisors at the Independent Institute,000 in 1998 [http://web[Gary M.archiveAnderson|Gary Anderson]], [[Robert Ekelund]], [[Dwight R.org/web/20011031010631/www.exxonmobil.com/contributions/public_info.htmlLee]] and again $10,000 as [[Exxon MobilMark Thornton]] in 2002and [[S. Fred Singer]] are Research Fellows and [[http://www2Richard Vedder]] is a Senior Fellow .exxonmobil.com/files/corporate/public_policy1.pdf]

All of the above have a long history of working for the [[Tobacco Institute]] (TI) and/or [[Philip Morris]] and all nine were also members of the 'The San Francisco FoundationAcademic Advisory Board' for the pro-tobacco junk science report ' gave in fiscal year 2000 (July 1[[Science, 1999-June 30Economics, 2000and Environmental Policy: A Critical Examination]]' published by the [[Alexis de Tocqueville Institution]] (AdTI) to on August 11, 1994. AdTI received money from both TI and Philip Morris. (''See:'The Independent Institute' $10,000 ([http://www.sff.org/giving/advised.html[AdTI-Funding]])

''Grants according to 'Media Transparency'''== Funding ==*The [[John MOn its website TII states that it "receives no government funding. Olin Foundation]] gave in 1996 to The Independent Institute $40Instead,000 for "''The promotion it draws its support from a diverse range of two books: The Diversity Mythfoundations, businesses and individuals, by [[David O. Sacks]] and [[Peter a Thiel]]; the sale of its publications and The Melting Pot, by Richard Kother services. Vedder and " [[Lowell Ehttp://www.independent. Gallawayorg/aboutus/]]''" and in 1998 another $25The Institute does not list its contributors on its website,000 stating their rationale for "''The Institute's book program''". *The this is in compliance with the [[ David Hhttp://www. Koch Charitable Foundation]] gave in 1995 - 2001 in total $160,000 for "''General Operating Support''"independent.*The [[Earhart Foundation]] gave in 1998 - 2001 in total $46,095 to support editor Drorg/membership/donorsbill. [[Robert Higgs]asp Donor's Bill of Rights].*The [[Castle Rock Foundation]] gave in 2002 for "''General operating support''" $25However,000.What adds up to the total amount Donor's Bill of $296,095Rights does not require secrecy.

== Board of Advisors ==*[[Herman Belz]]However, Professor some funders of History, University of Maryland *[[Thomas Bethell]], Columnist and Author, The Noblest Triumph: Property and Prosperity Through the Ages*[[Thomas EInstitute have been identified. Borcherding]], Professor of Economics, Claremont Graduate School These include:*[[Boudewijn R. A. BouckaertPhilip Morris]], Professor of Law, University contributed a donation of Ghent, Belgium *[[James M. Buchanan]]$10, Nobel Laureate 000 in Economic Science, University Professor, 1997 [[Center for the Study of Public Choice]], [[George Mason University]] *[[Allan C. Carlson]], President, [[Howard Center for Family]], Religion and Society*[[Robert Dhttp://www. Cooter]], Herman Fpmdocs. Selvin Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley*[[Robert Wcom/getimg. Crandall]], Senior Fellow, [[Brookings Institution]] *[[Richard A. Epstein]], James Parker Hall Distinguished Service Professor of Law, University of Chicago *[[A. Ernest Fitzgerald]asp?if=&DOCID=2063351196/1220&PGNO=2063351215], Author, ''The High Priests of Waste'' and ''The Pentagonists: An Insider's View a donation of Waste$25, Mismanagement and Fraud 000 in Defense Spending''*[[B1998. Delworth Gardner]], Emeritus Professor of Economics, Brigham Young University *[[George Gilder]], Senior Fellow, [[Discovery Institute]] *[[Nathan Glazer]], Professor of Education and Sociology, Harvard University *[[Ronald Hamowy]], Emeritus Professor of History, University of Alberta, Canada *[[Steve Hhttp://www. Hanke]], Professor of Applied Economics, Johns Hopkins University *[[Ronald Max Hartwell]], Emeritus Professor of History, Oxford University, England*[[James Heckman|James Jpmdocs. Heckman]], Nobel Laureate in Economic Science, Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics, University of Chicago*[[Wendy Kaminer]], Contributing Editor, The Atlantic Monthly; Member, Board of Directors, ACLU*[[Lawrence Acom/getimg. Kudlow]], Chief Executive Officer, Kudlow asp?DOCID=2065243965/3979& Company; Co-Host, Kudlow & Cramer, CNBC, Former Associate Director for Economics and Planning, [[Office of Management and Budget]]*[[John R. MacArthur]], Publisher, ''Harper's Magazine''*[[Deirdre N. McCloskey]], Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago *[[J. Huston McCulloch]], Professor of Economics, Ohio State University *[[Forrest McDonaldPGNO=2065243972]], Distinguished University Research Professor of History, University of Alabama*[[Thomas Gale Moore]], Senior Fellow, [[Hoover InstitutionExxon]]donated $10, Stanford University*[[Charles Murray]], Senior Fellow, [[American Enterprise Institute]] *[[Michael Novak]], George Frederick Jewett Chair 000 in Religion and Public Policy, [[American Enterprise Institute]] *[1998 [June E. O'Neill]], Director, Center for the Study of Business & Government, Baruch College, Former Director, U.S. Congressional Budget Office*[[Tom Peters]], Co-Author, In Search of Excellencehttp: Lessons from America's Best-Run Companies, Author, Liberation Management and A Passion for Excellence: The Leadership Diffference *[[Charles E//web. Phelps]], Provost and Professor of Political Science and Economics, University of Rochester *[[Paul Craig Roberts]], Chairman, Institute of Political Economy, Former Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy, Uarchive.Sorg/web/20011031010631/www. Department of the Treasury*[[Nathan Rosenberg]], Fairleigh Sexxonmobil. Dickinson, Jrcom/contributions/public_info. Professor of Public Policy, Stanford University *[[Simon Rottenberg]html]; $5, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts*[[Paul H. Rubin]], Professor of Economics 000 in 2000 and Law2001, Emory University$10, Editor, Managerial and Decision Economics*000 as [[Bruce M. RussettExxon Mobil]], Dean Acheson Professor of International Relations, Yale University, Editor, ''Journal of Conflict Resolution''*in 2002 [[Pascal Salin]], Professor of Economics, University of Paris, France *[[William Fhttp://www2. Shughart, II]], Robert Mexxonmobil. Hearin Chair of Business Adminsitration and Professor of Economics, University of Mississippi *[[Vernon Lcom/files/corporate/public_policy1. Smith]pdf]; $10, Nobel Laureate 000 in Economic Science, Professor of Economics 2003 and Law$30, Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, [[George Mason University]]*[[Joel H000 in 2005. Spring]], Professor of Education, State University of New York, New Paltz *[[Richard L. Stroup]], Professor of Economics, Montana State University, Former Director, Office of Policy Analysis, Uhttp://www.Sexxonsecrets. Department of the Interior*[[Thomas Sorg/html/orgfactsheet. Szasz]], Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus, Health Science Center, State University of New York, Syracuse*[[Robert D. Tollison]], Robert M. Hearin Chair of Business Adminsitration and Professor of Economics, University of Mississippi *[[Arnold J. Trebach]php?id=46], Professor of Law, American University *[[William Tucker]], Author, The Excluded Americans: Homelessness and Housing Policies *[[Gordon Tullock]]San Francisco Foundation contributed $10, University Professor of Law and Economics and Distinguished Research Fellow000 in fiscal year 2000 (July 1, George Mason University*[[Gore Vidal]], National Book Award1999-WinnerJune 30, Playwright, Screenwriter, and Author of the ''American Chronicle'' Series of Historical Novels 2000) (Burr, 1876, Lincoln, Empire, Hollywood, The Smithsonian, The Golden Age, and Washington D.C.)*[[Richard E. Wagner]], Hobart R. Harris Professor of Economics, [[George Mason University]] *Sir [[Alan Walters]], Vice Chairman, AIG Trading Company*[[Paul Hhttp://www. Weaver]], Author, ''News and the Culture of Lying'' *[[Walter Esff. Williams]], Distinguished Professor of Economics, [[George Mason University]] *[[Charles Wolf, Jrorg/giving/advised.html]], Senior Economist and Corporate Fellow, International Economics, [[RAND Corporation]])

''In Memoriam Board of Advisors''*According to Media Transparency, TII has received $718,000 (unadjusted for inflation) between 1995 and 2005. [[Stephen Ehttp://www.mediatransparency.org/recipientgrants. Ambrosephp?recipientID=1119]], Professor of History Emeritus, University of New Orleans Grants have included those from: *The [[John M. E. BradfordOlin Foundation]]gave in 1996 to The Independent Institute $40, Professor 000 for "The promotion of Englishtwo books: The Diversity Myth, University of Dallas *by [[Arthur A. Ekirch JrDavid O.Sacks]], Professor of History, State University of New York, Albany *and [[Jonathan KwitnyPeter a Thiel]], Author, Endless Enemies ; and The Crimes of Patriots *Melting Pot, by [[Merton HRichard K. MillerVedder]], Nobel Laureate in Economic Science; Robert R. McCormick Distinguished Professor of Finance Emeritus, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago *and [[Murray NLowell E. RothbardGallaway]]" and in 1998 another $25, S. J000 for "The Institute's book program". Hall Distinguished Professor of Economics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas *The [[Arthur SeldonDavid H. Koch Charitable Foundation]], Foundergave in 1995 -Director2001 in total $160, [[Institute of Economic Affairs]], London, England000 for "General Operating Support".*The [[Julian L. SimonEarhart Foundation]]gave in 1998 - 2001 in total $46, Professor of Business Administration, University of Maryland *095 to support editor Dr. [[William E. SimonRobert Higgs]], Former Secretary, U.S. Department of the Treasury *The [[Aaron B. WildavskyCastle Rock Foundation]]gave in 2002 for "General operating support" $25, Class of 1940 Professor of Political Science and Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley000.

== Staff Personnel==*Ken Barnes, Controller*Nichelle Beardsley, Customer Service Director*Bruce L. BensonThe number of personnel involved in the Independent Institute as Directors, Senior Fellow*Elizabeth Brierly, Media Coordinator*Martin Buerger, Vice President and Chief Operating Officer*John Campbell, Development Director*Carl P. Close, Academic Affairs Director*Roland de Becque, Production Coordinator*Ivan Eland, Senior Fellow*Gabriel GasaveFellows, Research Analyst*Anthony Gregory, Research Analyst*William J. Griffith, Fulfillment Coordinator*Fred Hamden, Sales Fellows and Marketing Director*Robert Higgs, Senior Fellow in Political Economy*Kenny Kasarda, Executive Assistant others is so extensive that it has been posted to the President*Christopher Layne, Research Fellow*Pat Rose, Public Affairs Director*Wendy McElroy, Research Fellow*Callie Rucker Oettinger, Public Affairs Counsel*Pat Rose, Public Affairs Director*Sanjeev Ka separate page. Saini, Librarian*Alexander Tabarrok, Research Director*David J. Theroux, Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer*Mary L. G. Theroux, Vice President*Paul J. Theroux, Website Administrator*Alvaro Vargas Llosa, Research Fellow*See [[Richard K. VedderThe Independent Institute/Personnel]], Senior Fellow

*[http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=7991/ Charity Navigator rating of The Independent Institute, August 28, 2006]*[http://www.nira.go.jp/ice/nwdtt/2005/DAT/1398.html/ NIRA's World Directory of Think Tanks]*[http://www.wired.com/news/politics/0,1283,37278,00.html/ Wired News - "'Twas Oracle That Spied on MS", June 28, 2000]*[http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=483/ Open Letter on Antitrust Protectionism, June 2, 1999]*David J. Theroux, "[http://independent.org/tii/news/990919Theroux.html Winners, Losers & Microsoft - Strikes a Sensitive Nerve, Response to New York Times Article]", ''The Independent Institute'', September 19, 1999*[http://reason.com/sullum/110399.shtml/ Jacob Sullum column - ''Flack Catcher'', November 3, 1999]*[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/1999/9911.callahan.think.html/ David Callahan, "The Think Tank As Flack, How Microsoft and other corporations use conservative policy groups", Washington Monthly, September 1999]*[http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?idFunding=1058/ Theroux letter to the ''Wall Street Journal'', "A Challenge to Oracle", June 29, 2000]*[http://www.independent.org/issues/article.asp?id=385/ TII responds to ''Trust Us, We're Experts'' errors, February 7, 2001]*[http://www.independent.org/newsroom/news_detail.asp?newsID=44/ TII press release on ''New York Times'' and ''Wall Street Jourrnal'' articles revealing clandestine Oracle campaign to smear critics, June 28, 2000]