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{{#badges: AEX | GlobalCorpWiki}}'''Pfizer Inc.''' is the world's largest [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceuticals corporation]] that manufactures brand names Viagra, Celebrex, Norvasc, and Lipitor. It also manufactures animal care products such as Revolution, an anti-parasitic. In 2009, [[Pfizer]] acquired its rival Wyeth for $68 billion.<ref>[http://www.hoovers.com/pfizer/--ID__11175--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml Company Description: Pfizer Inc]., Hoovers, accessed December 2009.</ref> Wyeth's over-the-counter brands included Advil, Centrum, Robitussin, and ChapStick.<ref> [http://www.hoovers.com/wyeth/--ID__10093--/free-co-profile.xhtml Wyeth], Hoovers, accessed January 2009.</ref> The majority of its sales are conducted through the wholesale companies McKesson and Cardinal Health.<ref>[http://www.hoovers.com/pfizer/--ID__11175--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml Company Description: Pfizer Inc]., Hoovers, accessed December 2009.</ref> See also a complete listing of the company's prescription drugs [http://www.pfizer.com/products here].

'''Pfizer Inc''' is the world's largest [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceuticals corporation]]had a total revenue of $49. Brand names Viagra, Celebrex, Norvasc, 61 billion and Lipitornet income of $9. The company also manufactures animal care products such as Revolution, an anti-parasitic. In 2009, [[Pfizer]] acquired its rival Wyeth for 68 14 billion dollarsin 2014.<ref>[http://wwwinvesting.hooversbusinessweek.com/pfizerresearch/stocks/--ID__11175--financials/free-co-factsheetfinancials.xhtml Company Descriptionasp?ticker=PFE: US Pfizer IncAnnual Financials], Hooversfinancial profile, accessed December 2009</ref> Wyeth's over the counter brands included Advil'Bloomberg BusinessWeek'', Centrumaccessed March 23, Robitussin and ChapStick2015.</ref> Its CEO, [http://www.hoovers.com/wyeth/--ID__10093--/free-co-profile.xhtml Wyeth[Ian Read]], Hoovers, accessed January 2009</ref> The majority had an annual compensation of its sales are conducted through $23.28 million the whole sale companies McKesson and Cardinal Healthsame year. <ref>[http://www.hooversbloomberg.com/pfizerresearch/stocks/--ID__11175--people/free-co-factsheetperson.xhtml Company Description: Pfizer Incasp?personId=28845323&ticker=PFE&previousCapId=162270&previousTitle=PFIZER%20INC Ian Read], Hooversexecutive profile, accessed December 2009</ref> See also complete listing of the company's prescription drugs. <ref>[http://www.pfizer.com/pfizer/do/mn_prescription.jsp Products]'Bloomberg BusinessWeek'', Pfizeraccessed March 23, accessed December 20092015.</ref>

==Connection Ties to the American Legislative Exchange Council==

Pfizer is a corporate member of the [[American Legislative Exchange Council]] (ALEC) as of March 2015. Its legislative affairs director, Josh Brown, sits on its corporate "[[ALEC "Private Enterprise" Board of Directors|Private Enterprise Board]]."<ref>American Legislative Exchange Council, [http://www.donotlink.com/edg3 Private Enterprise Advisory Council], organizational website, accessed March 31, 2015.</ref> Michael Hubert, Vice President for "Leadership Communications," is was Pfizer's representative on ALEC's corporate boardas of 2011. Pfizer has also been the [[ALEC State Chairmen|ALEC corporate state co-chair]] of Colorado, Nebraska, and Wisconsin,<ref name="Corporate Chairs">American Legislative Exchange Council, "Solutions for the States," 38th Annual Meeting agenda, on file with CMD, as August 3-6, 2011</ref> and a member of ALEC's [[Civil Justice Task Force]]<ref name="CJNOLA">American Legislative Exchange Council, [http://www.commoncause.org/issues/more-democracy-reforms/alec/whistleblower-complaint/original-complaint/National_ALEC_Exhibit_4_Civil_Justice_2011_Annual_Meeting_New_Orleans.pdf Director - Full Name and Address], organizational task force membership directory, June 30, 2011, p. Furthermore31, obtained and released by Common Cause April 2012</ref> and [[Health and Human Services Task Force]].<ref name="HHSNOLA">American Legislative Exchange Council, [http://www.commoncause.org/issues/more-democracy-reforms/alec/whistleblower-complaint/original-complaint/National_ALEC_Exhibit_4_HHS_2011_Annual_Meeting.pdf HHS Task Force, June 29, 2011], organizational membership spreadsheet, June 29, 2011, p. 32, obtained and released by Common Cause April 2012</ref> Pfizer was also a "Trustee" level sponsor of the 2014 ALEC Annual Conference<ref>Nick Surgey, [http://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/07/12557/polluters Coal and Oil Polluters Dominate ALEC Conference], ''PRWatch'', July 31, 2014.</ref> and a "Vice Chairman" level sponsor of the 2011 ALEC Annual Conference,.<ref>[American Legislative Exchange Council, 2011 Conference Sponsors, conference brochure on file with CMD, August 11, 2011]</ref><ref>[http://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Private_Enterprise_Board&Template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=15553 ALEC Private Enterprise Board], American Legislative Exchange Council. ALEC.org. Accessed Aug. 11, 2011.</ref> A Pfizer spokesperson said of the company's participation in ALEC in 2012, "We don't agree with every ALEC position, but we participate in ALEC's healthcare forums because state legislators that are the members in ALEC, they make decisions that impact our business and the country's business every day."<ref>Rebekah Wilce, "[http://www.prwatch.org/news/2012/04/11416/breaking-intuit-out-alec-coke-kraft-pepsi-too-while-koch-stands-ground BREAKING: Intuit Out of ALEC; Coke, Kraft, Pepsi, too, while Koch Stands Ground]," Center for Media and Democracy's ''PR Watch'', April 6, 2012.</ref>

===Shareholders Question ALEC Membership=== In 2014, a group of Pfizer shareholders requested that the Board of Directors review its participation in third-party organizations, citing ALEC as a "significant reputational and business risk" and stating that some of ALEC's positions run counter to Pfizer's own policies and values. The Board of Directors recommended that shareholders vote against the resolution, arguing that "it is fundamental to our business that we engage on public policy issues" and that because of Pfizer's healthcare knowledge, "we regularly collaborate with policy makers to help create and maintain an innovative environment where we can cultivate new medicines, bring them to market and ensure that patient health and safety remain a priority."<ref name="2014 proxy"/> ==Overview and History== See [[History of Pfizer]]. ==Political Influence== The Center for Responsive Politics writes that "Pfizer is one of the biggest players in what is widely considered the most influential industry in Washington: pharmaceutical manufacturers."<ref name="2014 contributions">Center for Responsive Politics, "[http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000000138 Pfizer]," political contributions profile, Open Secrets database, accessed March 6, 2015.</ref> Pfizer is a member of several major trade groups and business lobbying groups, including the [[U.S. Chamber of Commerce]], the [[National Association of Manufacturers]], the [[Business Roundtable]], the [[Biotechnology Industry Organization]] (BIO), and the [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]] (PhRMA). CEO Ian Read serves on the board of PhRMA.<ref>Pfizer, [http://www.pfizer.com/sites/default/files/public_policy_political_participation_0214.pdf Public Policy Engagement and Political Participation], organizational report, 2014, accessed March 9, 2015.</ref> ===Lobbying=== Pfizer is "aggressive" in its lobbying efforts, according to ''Open Secrets''. In 2014, Pfizer reported spending $9,493,000 on lobbying at the federal level, of which $2,830,000 was contracted to 14 different outside lobbying firms. Its top issues were in the categories Health Issues, Taxes, Medicare & Medicaid, Trade, and Copyright, Patent & Trademark.<ref name="2014 lobbying">Center for Responsive Politics, "[http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000000138 Pfizer]," lobbying profile, Open Secrets database, accessed March 6, 2015.</ref> Since 2006, Pfizer's federal lobbying spending has generally ranged from between $9 million and $14 million per year, but spiked to $25.8 million in 2009. Its federal lobbying from 2006 to 2014 totaled $89.89 million.<ref name="2014 lobbying"/> The Center for Responsive Politics reported in 2002: :"Over the last two years, Pfizer has been waging a legal battle to extend its patent on the epilepsy drug, [[Neurontin]], and in its merger with Pharmacia, the company will gain access to dozens of new drugs whose patents expire in coming years. Even before its announced merger, Pfizer was among the most aggressive in the industry when it comes to fending off legislation that would seemingly make patent laws more lax, claiming that such legislation would curb the industry's research and development into drugs that could cure rare diseases.<ref name="bailey open secrets">Holly Bailey, ''Prescription Drugs: A Look at Contributions from Pfizer & history Pharmacia'', ''Open Secrets'', July 18, 2002.</ref> :"To make that argument, Pfizer has retained some of Washington's best known lobbyists, including former Reps. [[Bill Paxon]] (R-N.Y.) and Norman Lent (R-N.Y.) and former Sen. [[Dennis DeConcini]] (R-Ariz.). The company also retains [[Scott Hatch]], son of Sen. [[Orrin Hatch]] (subsectionR-Utah), who authored the drug patent law that remains in effect today. Since 1997, Pfizer has reported nearly $20 million in lobbying expenditures, according to the [[Secretary of the Senate]]. (Pharmacia spent $13.4 million during the same period.)"<ref name=="bailey open secrets"/>

==Lobbying==Avoiding Billions in Federal Taxes====

Pfizer spent received at least $1052,740556,000 on [[lobbying]] 694 in 2010. $2federal subsidies from 1992 to early 2015,120,000 mostly in the form of this amount went to 17 outside firms with the remainder being spent using in-house lobbyistsfederal grants. <ref>[http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/clientsum.php?yearname=2010&lname=Pfizer+Inc&id= Pfizer Inc lobbying expenses], ''Open Secrets'', accessed January 2011<"subsidy tracker"/ref>

According In addition, according to Holly Bailey of ''Open Secrets''Good Jobs First:

:"Over Pfizer is one of the last two numerous pharmaceutical companies that for many years, Pfizer has been waging took advantage of a legal battle to extend its patent on provision in the epilepsy drug, [[Neurontin]], Internal Revenue Code (Section 936) that gave special tax credits for their operations in Puerto Rico and in its merger with Pharmacia, was widely criticized as a form of corporate welfare. A 1992 report by the company will gain access to dozens of new drugs whose patents expire in coming yearsU.S. Even before its announced merger, General Accounting Office found that Pfizer was among the most aggressive enjoying $156,400 in tax savings for each of its 500 employees on the industry when it comes island. The amount was said to fending off legislation that would seemingly make patent laws more lax, claiming that such legislation would curb be 636 percent of the industry’s research and development into drugs that could cure rare diseasescompany’s compensation costs."<ref>Holly Bailey, ''Prescription Drugs: A Look at Contributions from Pfizer & Pharmacia'', ''Open Secrets'', July 18, 2002<name="corporate rap sheet"/ref>

:To make that argumentDuring the 1990s, Pfizer has retained some of when there was a push to eliminate the Washington’s best known tax provision, lobbyistssucceeded in getting it slowly phased out instead, including former Reps. [[Bill Paxon]] (R-N.Y.) and Norman Lent (Rmany companies re-Nregistered as foreign entities in Puerto Rico "to escape taxes entirely as long as they did not send the profits back to the mainland United States.Y.) and former Sen. [[Dennis DeConcini]] (R-Ariz.). The company also retains [[Scott Hatch]], son of Sen. [[Orrin Hatch]] (R-Utah)" Then in 2005, who authored the drug patent law that remains in effect today. Since 1997when Congress enacted a repatriation tax holiday, Pfizer has reported nearly "repatriated more foreign profits than any other company -- $37 billion -- and enjoyed an $20 million in lobbying expenditures, according to the [[Secretary of the Senate]]11 billion tax break while cutting rather than increasing its U. (Pharmacia spent $13S.4 million during the same periodworkforce.)" <ref>Holly Bailey, ''Prescription Drugs: A Look at Contributions from Pfizer & Pharmacia'', ''Open Secrets'', July 18, 2002<name="corporate rap sheet"/ref>

==Political contributions==State and Local Subsidies====

Pfizer and its affiliated companies received at least $268,122,031 in state and local subsidies from 1992 to early 2015, according to Good Jobs First's subsidy tracker.<ref name="subsidy tracker">Good Jobs First, "[http://wwwsubsidytracker.opensecretsgoodjobsfirst.org/orgs/totalsprog.php?idparent=D000000138&cycle=2010 Open Secretspfizer Pfizer] reports that in 2010, Pfizer gave $1" subsidy tracker,581accessed March 23,836 to candidates2015. $826,045 was given to federal Democratic candidates and $738,791 on federal Republican candidates</ref> The majority of these were received since 2007.Some of the largest deals include:

[[Hank McKinnell]], then Chair & CEO of Pfizer* $84.2 million in Michigan in 2001, was including a [[Bush's Rangers|Bush Ranger]] having raised at least $20025.8 million tax credit over 20 years,000 for [[George Walker Bush|Bush]] $10.7 million in the [[Ustate property tax abatements over 12 years, and $47.S7 million in local property tax abatements over 12 years;<ref name="subsidy tracker"/>* $60 million in Connecticut in 1998, including $20 million in tax exemptions, $30 million in property tax abatements, and a transfer of land worth $6. presidential election2 million to support 1, 2004|2004 presidential election]]000 new jobs."In 2011 Pfizer eliminated many of the jobs at the facility and transferred them to Cambridge, Massachusetts";<ref>Good Jobs First, "[http://wwwsubsidytracker.tpjgoodjobsfirst.org/docssubsidy-tracker/pioneers/pioneers_table.jsp Pioneers and Rangersct-pfizer Megadeal - Connecticut], ''Texans for Public Justice''" subsidy tracker, accessed August 2007March 23, 2015.</ref>* $18.1 million in North Carolina in 2008, tax credit/rebate; and<ref name="subsidy tracker"/>* $12.1 million in New Jersey in 1998, grant/low-cost loan.<ref name="subsidy tracker"/>

Pfizer gave $2,865,575 dollars to federal candidates in the 2008 election cycle through its [[political action committee]] (PAC) - 50% to [[Democrats]] and 50% to [[Republican Party (USA)|Republicans]]. <ref>[http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00016683&cycle=2008 2008 PAC Summary Data], ''Open Secrets'', accessed March 2010</ref>=Political Contributions===

====2014 Federal Contributions==== In 2014, Pfizer and its employees reported $2,205,242 in contributions to federal political candidates, putting it in the top 0.1 percent of the organizations profiled by the Center for Responsive Politics (117 out of 16,793). Of this total, 56 percent to Republicans and 43 percent went to Democrats.<ref name="2014 contributions"/> Forty members of Congress owned shares in Pfizer in 2014.<ref>Center for Responsive Politics, "[http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000000138&lname=Pfizer+Inc#invested Invested in Pfizer]," Open Secrets database, accessed March 6, 2015.</ref> Pfizer's political action committee, Pfizer Inc. PAC, spent $2,626,633 in 2014. Of direct contributions to candidates, 52 percent to Republicans and 48 percent went to Democrats.<ref name="2014 pac">Center for Responsive Politics, "[http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00016683&cycle=2014 Pfizer Inc. PAC]," spending profile, Open Secrets database, accessed March 6, 2015.</ref> '''Top PAC Contributions to U.S. House Candidates:''' *Eric Cantor (R-VA): $14,250*Kevin McCarthy (R-CA): $12,500*John Barrow (D-GA): $10,000*Joe Courtney (D-CT): $10,000*Joseph Crowley (D-NY): $10,000*Kurt Schrader (D-OR): $10,000*Fred Upton (R-MI): $10,000*Greg Walden (R-OR): $10,000*Rush Holt (D-NJ): $9,000*Ann L. Wagner (R-MO): $9,000 '''Top PAC Contributions to U.S. Senate Candidates:''' * Cory Booker (D-NJ): $17,500* Mark Udall (D-CO): $11,000* John A. Barrasso (R-WY): $10,000* Mike Rounds (R-SD): $10,000* John Cornyn (R-TX): $9,500* Thad Cochran (R-MS): $9,000* Mark Pryor (D-AR): $9,000 ====Prior Years==== [http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/totals.php?id=D000000138&cycle=2010 Open Secrets] reports that in 2010, Pfizer gave $1,581,836 to candidates. $826,045 was given to federal Democratic candidates and $738,791 to federal Republican candidates. [[Hank McKinnell]], then Chair & CEO of Pfizer, was a [[Bush's Rangers|Bush Ranger]], having raised at least $200,000 for [[George Walker Bush|Bush]] in the [[U.S. presidential election, 2004|2004 presidential election]].<ref>[http://www.tpj.org/docs/pioneers/pioneers_table.jsp Pioneers and Rangers], ''Texans for Public Justice'', accessed August 2007.</ref> Pfizer gave $2,865,575 dollars to federal candidates in the 2008 election cycle through its [[political action committee]] (PAC) -- 50 percent to [[Democrats]] and 50 percent to [[Republican Party (USA)|Republicans]]. <ref>[http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00016683&cycle=2008 2008 PAC Summary Data], ''Open Secrets'', accessed March 2010</ref> Pfizer was among several companies giving record political contributions four years after a law was passed attempting to reduce the impact of corporate money in U.S. politics. According to ''Bloomberg'':

===Pfizer and health care reformHealth Care Reform=== 

==Corporate Policies== ===Corporate Accountability===

===Stakeholder engagementEngagement=== 

===Human rightsRanking for LGBT Rights===Pfizers Pfizer's Corporate Equality Index Rating from Human Rights Watch for 2006 , an LGBT rights advocacy organization, was 100in 2015.<ref>[http://wwwhrc-assets.hrcs3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.orgcom/issues/ceihomefiles/documents/CEI-2015-rev.asp pdf Corporate Equality Index], Human Rights Campaign, 20062015.</ref> ==Social Responsibility Initiatives==

==Social responsibility initiatives==In 2001, Pfizer announced that it will would provide an unlimited free supply of Diflucan, a drug that combats fungal infections associated with AIDS, to 50 of the world’s poorest countries. ''The New York Times'' reported that Pfizer had "been under pressure for several years from the makers of generic copies of Diflucan," and that some critics said the free drugs would "boost the image of the company" as it aimed to keep its market share. Previously, Pfizer had conducted a successful pilot program in South Africa. The patent on Diflucan expired in 2004. <ref>Barbara Crossette , "[http://querywww.nytimes.com/gst2001/fullpage.html?res=9D06E3DE1E3FF934A35755C0A9679C8B63&n=Top06/Reference07/Times%20Topicsworld/Organizations/U/United%20Nations aids-fungus-drug-offered-to-poor-nations.html AIDS Fungus Drug Offered to Poor Nations], " ''The New York Times'', June 2001.</ref>

==Public relationsRelations==

==Drug controversiesControversies== ===Lipitor Ads===

===Off-label promotional practices Label Promotional Practices (Neurontin)=== Access to pharmaceutical industry documents in 2006 revealed marketing strategies used to promote Neurontin for off-label use. <ref>Michael A. Steinman, MD; Lisa A. Bero, PhD; Mary-Margaret Chren, MD & C. Seth Landefeld, MD [http://annals.org/content/145/4/284.full Narrative Review: The Promotion of Gabapentin: An Analysis of Internal Industry Documents], Annals of Internal Medicine, Volume 145, Issue 4, pg. 284-293, 2006</ref> In 1993, the US [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approved gabapentin (Neurontin®, Pfizer) only for treatment of seizures. Warner-Lambert, which merged with Pfizer in 2000, used activities not usually associated with sales promotion. This included continuing medical education and research, sponsored articles about the drug for medical literature and alleged suppression of unfavorable study results, to promote gabapentin. Within 5 years, the drug was being widely used for the off-label treatment of pain and psychiatric conditions. In 2004, Warner-Lambert admitted to violating FDA regulations by promoting the drug for pain, psychiatric conditions, migraines and other unapproved uses. The company paid $430 million to resolve criminal and civil health care liability charges.<ref>Jane E. Henney, MD [http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/145/4/305 Safeguarding Patient Welfare: Who's In Charge?], Annals of Internal Medicine, vol 145, no. 3, pp. 305-307, 2006 </ref>, <ref>[http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2004/May/04_civ_322.htm Warner-Lambert to pay $430 million to resolve criminal and civil health care liability charges], [[U.S. Department of Justice]] press release, accessed August 2006</ref> ===Diflucan (fluconazoleFluconazole)=== Pfizer has been involved in controversies over the medicine Diflucan (generic name fluconazole). In 1998, a campaign by Thai public health groups led to the elimination of the Pfizer monopoly on selling fluconazole in Thailand. Subsequently, the price decreased from 200 baht to 6.5 baht in nine months. Faced with pressure for compulsory licenses to the Pfizer patent on this drug, the company later established a program for limited access to the medicine in Africa. <ref>Emelia Sithole [http://ww4.aegis.org/news/re/2001/RE010226.html S. Africa okays Pfizer AIDS drug distribution], Reuters, February 21, 2001</ref> ===Antiretrovirals (Viracept & Maraviroc)===

{{#ev:youtube|l8i4NUNWkBA|260|right|The Bitter Truth about Premarin. - United Animal Nations|frame}} ====Premarin & PMU ranchesRanches==== [[Premarin]] was approved by the USDA in 1942 for manufacture by Wyeth (now Pfizer). Premarin, a drug derived from pregnant mares’ urine (PMU), is prescribed for "symptoms of menopause". The urine is collected from mares confined in barns on over 70 "PMU ranches" in the United States and Canada. Despite the availability of humane and safer alternatives, Premarin is among the most widely prescribed and profitable drugs in America. The industry is "self-regulated through manufacturer [[Pfizer]]’s Code of Practice". Mares in Premarin production commonly suffer from abrasions, leg swelling, excessive boredom, stress, and early death. Strapped to urine collection bags six months out of the year; they are tied to stalls too narrow to turn around or lie down in and are denied free access to water. There is no minimum code of practice for exercise or even that they be exercised at all. <ref>[http://www.aspca.org/fight-animal-cruelty/equine-cruelty/premarin.aspx Premarin], American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, accessed January 2011</ref> =====Studies of Premarin Health Risks===== Premarin has been classified as a "dangerous drug" and the number one most likely to cause disability or other serious outcome.<ref>[http://www.injuryboard.com/topic/Premarin.aspx Premarin], Injury Board, Sept 2007</ref> Premarin increases risks of uterine cancer, heart attacks, strokes, breast cancer and blood clots.<ref>[http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/rx/rx-mono.aspx?contentFileName=Pre1347.html&contentName=Premarin&contentId=455 Prescription Drugs: Premarin], PDR Health, accessed August 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.drugs.com/pro/premarin.html Premarin], Drugs.com, January 2006</ref> See also [[Premarin]]. ==International==

=====Studies of Premarin health risks=====Premarin has been classified as a "dangerous drug" and the number one most likely to cause disability or other serious outcome. <ref>[httpNigeria://www.injuryboard.com/topic/Premarin.aspx Premarin], Injury Board, Sept 2007</ref> Premarin increases risks of uterine cancer, heart attacks, strokes, breast cancer and blood clots. <ref>[http://www.pdrhealth.com/drugs/rx/rx-mono.aspx?contentFileNameAlleged Antibiotics Testing on Children without Parental Consent=Pre1347.html&contentName=Premarin&contentId=455 Prescription Drugs: Premarin], PDR Health, accessed August 2009</ref>, <ref>[http://www.drugs.com/pro/premarin.html Premarin], Drugs.com, January 2006</ref>

See also In May 2006, ''The Washington Post'' published a Nigerian government report that had remained unreleased for five years. In this report, a panel of Nigerian medical experts found that Pfizer violated international law, stemming from the company's alleged testing of an unapproved, oral form of Trovafloxacin on children with meningitis in Nigeria without receiving consent from their parents.<ref>Federal Ministry of Health, "[[Premarin]http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/documents/Clinical_Trial_Report.pdf Report of the Investigation Committee on the Clinical Trial of Trovafloxacin (Trova) by Pfizer, Kano, 1996]," government report, March 2001. Published and archived by ''The Washington Post''. </ref>

==Global According to Pfizer, they conducted the trial with full knowledge of the Nigerian government.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12636315 Pfizer faulted over drug issues==trials in Nigeria], msnbc.com, 2006</ref> These allegations have been the subject of litigation in both America and Nigeria. On June 5, 2007 the Nigerian government filed a civil lawsuit for $7 billion in damages against Pfizer, in relation to the experimental meningitis treatment given to children.<ref>Chris McGreal [http://www.guardian.co.uk/medicine/story/0,,2095955,00.html Nigeria sues Pfizer for $7bn over 'illegal' tests on children], The Guardian, June 2007</ref> Two hundred children received Trovan in Kano, Nigeria, in 1996, according to Pfizer. The Nigerian and Kano state governments alleged that the antibiotic was administered without parental consent and that it disabled or killed some children.<ref>[http://www.boston.com/business/healthcare/articles/2007/06/05/nigeria_suing_pfizer_over_study_of_drug Nigeria suing Pfizer over study of drug: Officials seek $7b, say some children disabled or killed], Bloomberg News, June 5, 2007</ref>

===Nigeria===In May 2006July 2007, the [[Washington Post]] published a Nigerian government report that had remained unreleased for five years. In this report, a panel of Nigerian medical experts found that filed criminal charges against Pfizer violated international law, stemming from over the company's alleged testing of an unapproved, oral form of trials.<ref>Camillus Eboh [http://enwww.wikipediareuters.orgcom/article/wikidomesticNews/Trovafloxacin TrovafloxacinidUSL2585915420070725 The Nigerian federal government has filed criminal charges against U.S. drugmaker Pfizer alleging improper behavior in a 1996 drug trial in the northern state of Kano in which it says 11 children died.], ABUJA ([[Reuters]]), 2007</ref> In turn, Pfizer hired investigators to unearth embarrassing information about Nigeria's attorney general Michael Aondoakaa, on children with in hopes that the charges would be dropped.<ref>[http://enwww.guardian.wikipediaco.orguk/business/2010/dec/wiki09/Trovafloxacin meningitiswikileaks-cables-pfizer-nigeria WikiLeaks cables: Pfizer used dirty tricks to avoid clinical trial payout] in Nigeria., The Guardian, 9 December 2010</ref>

According Some lawsuits related to Pfizer, they conducted the trial with full knowledge of the case were settled in Nigerian government.courts for $75 million in 2009,<ref>Joe Stephens, "[http://www.msnbc.msnwashingtonpost.com/idwp-dyn/12636315 Pfizer faulted over drug trials in Nigeria], msnbc.com, 2006<content/ref> These allegations [http:article/2009/en.wikipedia.org07/wiki30/Kano_Trovafloxacin_trial_litigation have been] the subject of litigation in both America and NigeriaAR2009073001847. On June 5, 2007 the Nigerian government filed a civil lawsuit for $7 billion in damages against html Pfizer, in relation to the experimental meningitis treatment given Pay $75 Million to children. <ref>Chris McGreal [http://www.guardian.co.uk/medicine/story/0Settle Nigerian Trovan Drug-Testing Suit],,2095955,00.html Nigeria sues Pfizer for $7bn over " ''Washington Post'illegal' tests on children], The GuardianJuly 31, June 20072009.</ref>and a U.S. Two hundred children received Trovan in Kanocase was settled, Nigeria, in 1996, according to Pfizer. The Nigerian and Kano state governments alleged that though the antibiotic amount was administered without parental consent and that it disabled or killed some childrennot disclosed. <refname="corporate rap sheet">Philip Mattera, "[http://www.bostoncorp-research.com/business/healthcare/articles/2007/06org/05/nigeria_suing_pfizer_over_study_of_drug Nigeria suing pfizer Pfizer over study of drug: Officials seek $7b, say some children disabled or killedCorporate Rap Sheet], Bloomberg News" Good Jobs First, June 5accessed March 9, 20072015.</ref>

In July 2007, the Nigerian government filed criminal charges against Pfizer over the trials. <ref>Camillus Eboh [http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSL2585915420070725 The Nigerian federal government has filed criminal charges against U.S. drugmaker Pfizer alleging improper behavior in a 1996 drug trial in the northern state of Kano in which it says 11 children died.], ABUJA ([[Reuters]]), 2007</ref> In turn, Pfizer hired investigators to unearth embarrassing information about Nigeria's attorney general Michael Aondoakaa, in hopes that the charges would be dropped.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/dec/09/wikileaks-cables-pfizer-nigeria WikiLeaks cables===Philippines: Pfizer used dirty tricks to avoid clinical trial payout], The Guardian, 9 December 2010</ref>Sues Government Over Importing Generics===

===Philippines===In March of 2006, Pfizer sued the Philippine government and government health officials, to prevent Philippine drug regulators from allowing the importation of less expensive versions of a Pfizer heart disease drug. <ref>Catherine Fredenburgh, "[http://www.law360.com/articles/5613/pfizer-sues-philippines-over-generic-norvasc Pfizer Sues Philippines Over Generic Norvasc]," ''ForbesLaw360'', March 20088, 2006. Accessed March 9, 2015.</ref>

 In 2001, Pfizer requested the U.S. government pressure the Brazilian government against issuing compulsory licenses for the patents on the AIDS drug nelfinavir.{{fact}}

In 1998, the Thai government acquiesced to requests by public health groups and eliminated Pfizer’s monopoly on fluconazole, a leading AIDS drug, reducing the price of the drug from 200 baht to 6.5 baht within a year.<ref>Donald G. McNeil, Jr., "[http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/09/world/medicine-merchants-patents-patients-devastating-epidemics-increase-nations-take.html Medicine Merchants: Patents and Patients; As Devastating Epidemics Increase, Nations Take On Drug Companies]," ''New York Times'', July 9, 2000.</ref> ==Clinical Trials and Drug Testing Issues== ===Drug Trials and Off-Label Use of Antipsychotics on Foster Children===According to ''Time'', children in foster care are disproportionately likely to be prescribed antipsychotic medication, including drugs that have not been approved for use in children. Manufacturers of these drugs, including Pfizer as well as [[Eli Lilly]], [[AstraZeneca]], and others, have been fined by the FDA “for illegal marketing practices—in part, for marketing the drugs for unapproved use in children,” and Pfizer paid $301 million to settle a case related to charges of illegally marketing its antipsychotic, Geodon.<ref>Maia Szalavitz, “[http://healthland.time.com/2011/11/29/why-are-so-many-foster-care-children-taking-antipsychotics/ Why Are So Many Foster Care Children Taking Antipsychotics?],” ''Time'', November 29, 2011.</ref> According to the ''San Antonio Current,'', an investigation by the Texas Comptroller’s office found that in 2004, some 3,330 prescriptions for Pfizer’s anti-psychotic Geodon had been written for children in foster care; the drug had not been approved by the FDA for use in children. Based on court records it examined, the ''San Antonio Current'' reported that:* "Pfizer sought to seed the medical literature with studies praising off-label use of Geodon, some of which the federal government described as little more than a marketing gimmick in their lawsuit"* In a practice the federal lawsuit called “information laundering,” the company had a contract with “Dr. Neil Kaye, a prominent psychiatrist with Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, to promote off-label prescribing of Geodon in medical journals, at speaking gigs, and in continuing medical education seminars for psychiatrists,” paying him “as much as $4,000 a day on top of expenses, and even flew him around the country in his own private helicopter.”* “In 2009, Pfizer again sought approval to market Geodon for use in children; the FDA rejected the application late that year. Further, the FDA issued a report after looking into Pfizer’s data on clinical trialsin kids and adolescents, detailing some 24 cases where children experienced serious complications, including cardiac arrhythmia. While Pfizer told the FDA cardiac concerns were no different in children than in adults, the FDA did its own analysis that showed otherwise. The FDA in 2010 scolded three doctors who participated in Geodon’s children trials, saying they improperly dosed patients, and in a few instances overdosed patients.”<ref>Michael Barajas, “[http://www.sacurrent.com/sanantonio/big-pharmas-troubling-history-of-pushing-drugs-on-foster-kids/Content?oid==2246936 Big Pharma's Troubling History of Pushing Drugs on Foster Kids],” ''San Antonio Current'', April 9, 2013.</ref>

===Animal testingTesting===

====Facility informationInformation, progress reports Progress Reports & USDA-APHIS reportsReports==== 

====USDA AWA reportsReports==== 

====Contract testing Resting==== Pfizer contract contracts tests out to [[Huntingdon Life Sciences]] (HLS). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140218211330/http://www.shac.net/HLS/exposed/inside_hls/Inside_customers.html Inside Customers], SHAC.net, accessed January 2011. Archived by Internet Wayback Machine.</ref> Hungtindon Huntingdon Life Sciences is the 3rd largest contract research organization (CRO) in the world and the largest animal testing facility in all of Europe. Firms hire HLS to conduct animal toxicity tests for agrochemicals, petrochemicals, household products, pharmaceutical drugs and toxins.HLS has a long history of gross animal welfare violations. See also [[Huntingdon Life Sciences]]. Pfizer also contracts tests out to [[SNBL]],<ref>Chris Halsne [http://www.kirotv.com/news/15189249/detail.html Monkey Boiled Alive At Research Lab], KIRO 7 Eyewitness News, February 2008</ref> an international contract research organization (CRO). SNBL has a history of gross animal welfare violations. See also [[SNBL]]. ==Personnel==

Pfizer's CEO is [[Ian Read|Ian C. Read]], who took the position in December 2010. He received $18,947,747 in total compensation in 2013.<ref name==Leadership=="2014 proxy"/>

* Read first joined Pfizer in 1978. He also serves as a Director on the boards of [[Kimberly-Clark]], the [[Partnership for New York City]], and the [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]] (PhRMA), where he also serves as Pfizer's representative on the International Section Executive Committee.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=28845323&ticker=PFE&previousCapId=162270&previousTitle=PFIZER%20INC Ian C. Read], executive profile, ''Bloomberg Businessweek'', accessed March 23, 2015.</ref> ===Executive Staff=== As of March 2015<ref>Pfizer, "[http://www.pfizer.com/about/leadership_and_structure/meet_executive_leaders Meet Our Executives]," organizational website, accessed March 9, 2015.</ref> (with total compensation as reported for 2013):<ref name="2014 proxy">Pfizer, [http://www.pfizer.com/files/investors/presentations/ProxyStatement2014.pdf 2014 Proxy Statement] - , SEC filing, accessed March 9, 2015.</ref> * Ian C. Read, CEO - and Chairman of the Board. Read also serves on the board of [[Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America]]. (Total compensation: $17.4 million in 201018,947,747)* Olivier Brandicourt - Albert Bourla, Group President & General Mgr, Primary CareVaccines, Oncology, and Consumer Healthcare* Frank D'Amelio - A. D’Amelio, Executive VPVice President, CFO - Business Operations; Chief Financial Officer (Total compensation: $6.5 million in 20107,124,330)* Mikael Dolsten - , President, Global R&DWorldwide Research and Development (Total compensation: $6,453,404)* Geno J. Germano - , Group President & General Mgr, Specialty Care & OncologyGlobal Innovation Pharma Business (Total compensation: $5,254,047)* Charles (Chuck ) H. Hill - , III, Executive VPVice President, Global Worldwide Human Resources* Doug Lankler - Rady A. Johnson, Executive VPVice President, Chief Compliance and Risk Officer* Doug Lankler, Executive Vice President and General Counsel* Freda C. Lewis-Hall - Executive VP, Chief Medical Officerand Executive Vice President* Kristin Peck - Anthony J. Maddaluna, Executive VP, Global Business DevelopmentVice President* Cavan Redmond - Group Laurie J. Olson, Executive Vice President, Animal Health, Consumer Healthcare, Capsugel & Corporate Strategy* Amy Schulman - Executive VP, General Counsel & Business Unit Lead Nutritionals* David Simmons - President & General Mgr, Emerging Markets Portfolio and Established ProductsCommercial Operations* Sally Susman - , Executive VPVice President, Policy, External Corporate Affairs & Communications<ref>[http://www.pfizer.com/about/leadership_and_structure/meet_executive_leaders.jsp Pfizer Executive Leadership Team], accessed January 2011</ref> ===Former Executives===

*[[Robert M. Amen]] - former board member

===Key executives & payBoard of Directors===* Ian C. Read (57) - Chairman & CEO - $3.30 M* Frank A. D'Amello (53) - CFO & Senior VP, Bussiness Operations - $3.08 M* Freda C. Lewis-Hall (55) - Chief Medical Officer & Sr. VP of Executive Compliance Committee<ref>[http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=PFE Pfizer Profile: Key Executives], ''Yahoo Finance'', accessed January 2011</ref>

===As of March 2015:<ref>Pfizer, "[http://www.pfizer.com/about/leadership_and_structure/meet_board Meet Our Board members===]," organizational website, accessed March 9, 2015.</ref> * Dennis A. Ausiello* Michael S. Brown* M. Anthony Burns* Robert N. Burt* W. Don Cornwell* Frances D. Fergusson* William Helen H. Gray IIIHobbs* Constance J. Horner* Suzanne Nora Johnson, former guest scholar at the [[Brookings Institution]], White House staff member under [[George W. Bush]]* James M. Kilts* George A. Lorch* John P. MascotteSantanu Narayen, President and CEO of [[Adobe Systems]]*Suzanne Nora Johnson, retired Vice Chairman of [[Goldman Sachs]]* Ian C. Read, Chairman and CEO of Pfizer* Stephen W. Sanger, Chairman of [[General Mills]]* William James C. SteereSmith, Jr.<ref>President and CEO of [[http://www.pfizer.com/about/corporate_governance/board_committees_charters.jsp About Pfizer: Board MembersThomson Reuters]], Pfizer, accessed January 2011</ref>*Marc Tessier-Lavigne

Fax: 212-573-7851<br>

Web addressWebsite: http://www.pfizer.com<br>Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Pfizer<br>Twitter: @Pfizer

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