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----==BushJune, 2013, Revelations by Glenn Greenwald Based on Edward Snowden's Domestic SpiesWhistleblowing==Only months after the events of [[September 11, 2001]], President [[George W. BushGlenn Greenwald]] signed a presidential order in 2002 which "secretly authorized the National Security Agency to eavesdrop on Americans and others inside the United States to search for evidence of [[terrorist]] activity without the court-approved warrants ordinarily required for domestic spying, according to government officials," James Risen and Eric Lichtblau his reporting [http://nytimeswww.comguardian.co.uk/2005world/122013/16jun/politics09/16program.html?ei=5094&en=c7596fe0d4798785&hp=&ex=1134795600&partner=homepage&pagewanted=print edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance dominated the news] in June 2013 when he reported] in the December 16Guardian information provided to him by [[Edward Snowden]] exposing massive, 2005secret, ''New York Times''global spying via NSA acquisition of online data on hundreds of millions of people around the world.
The NSA "has monitored the international telephone calls and international e-mail messages of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people inside the United States without warrants over the past three years in an effort to track possible 'dirty numbers' linked to ==[[Al QaedaGeorge W. Bush's domestic spying]], the officials said. The agency, they said, still seeks warrants to monitor entirely domestic communications." [http://nytimes.com/2005/12/16/politics/16program.html?ei=5094&en=c7596fe0d4798785&hp=&ex=1134795600&partner=homepage&pagewanted=print]
===Related Links===*James Risen and Eric Lichtblau, "Until Tuesday [http://nytimes.com/2005/12/16/politics/16program.html?ei=5094&en=c7596fe0d4798785&hp=&ex=1134795600&partner=homepage&pagewanted=print "Bush Lets U.S. Spy on Callers Without Courts,"] ''New York Times'', December 16, 2005; ([http://www.commondreams.org/headlines05/1216-01.htm ''Common Dreams''17th]).*Dan Eggen, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpthe NSA site created two cookies that do not expire until 2035-dyn/content/article/2005/12/16/AR2005121600021_pf.html "Bush Authorized Domestic Spying. Post-9/11 Order Bypassed Special Courtlikely beyond the life of any computer in use today,"] Jesdanun wrote. ''Washington Post'', December 16, 2005.*Larry Abramson, [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5056518 "Bush Said to Approve Post-Sept. 11 Eavesdropping,"] [[NPR]], December 16, 2005.*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5056871 "Domestic Spying and a Delayed Report,"] NPR, December 16, 2005.*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5056874 "Politics with Juan Williams: Spying and the Patriot Act,"] NPR, December 16, 2005.*jesselee, [httpAlso see://www.dccc.org/stakeholder/archives/004073.html "George Miller on Domestic Spying,"] ''The Stakeholder'', December 16, 2005.<br>*Morton H. Halperin, [http://www.americanprogresscbsnews.orgcom/sitestories/pp.asp?c=biJRJ8OVF&b=1306495 "President Bush and Domestic Spying by NSA,"] [[Center for American Progress]], December 16, 2005.*Will Bunch, [http:/12/www.pnionline.com/dnblog28/attytoodtech/archives/002576main1168895.html shtml "The Big Stall: How Bush gamed the media to get re-elected in 2004,"] NSA Web Site Uses Banned 'Cookies'Attytood'', December 16, 2005.*Rob, [http://americablog.blogspot.com/2005/12/action-alerts-tell-congress-to-kill.html "Action Alerts: Tell Congress to kill the Patriot Act until we get answers about Bush's illegal domestic spying,"] [[AMERICAblog]]Associated Press (CBS News), December 1628, 2005.*John Aravosis, [http://americablog.blogspot.com/2005/12/if-bush-thought-eavesdropping-laws.html "If Bush thought eavesdropping laws were too onerous post 9/11A senior official must sign off on any such use, he was required to ask Congress to CHANGE THE LAW, not just violate it for 3 years,"] AMERICAblog, December 16, 2005.*Hilzoy, [http://wwwand an agency that uses them must disclose and detail their use in its privacy policy.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2005_12/007789.php " ... This is against the law,"] ''Washington Monthly'', December 16, 2005.
→Articles & Commentary: NSA Insiders Reveal What Went Wrong
The U.S. '''National Security Agency''' (NSA), established by a memorandum dated October 24, 1952, by President [[Harry S. Truman]], is "the organization within the U.S. Government responsible for communications intelligence (COMINT) activities." [http://jya.com/nsa102452.htm]
==NSA "cookies"==The NSA had been placing files called "cookies"While many details about the program remain secret, officials familiar with it say the N.S.A. eavesdrops without warrants on up visitors' computers to 500 people in the United States at any given time. The list changes as some names are added and others dropped, so the number monitored in this country may have reached into the thousands since the program began, several officials said. Overseas, about 5,000 to 7,000 people suspected track internet surfing activity "despite strict federal rules banning most of terrorist ties are monitored at one timethem, according to those officials." the Associated Press's Anick Jesdanun [http://nytimeswww.businessweek.com/2005/12/16ap/politicstech/16programD8EPN03G2.htmlhtm?ei=5094&encampaign_id=c7596fe0d4798785apn_tech_down&hpchan=&ex=1134795600&partner=homepage&pagewanted=printtc reported]December 29, 2005. Following a privacy activist's complaint, the NSA acknowledged a mistake but "the issue raises questions about privacy at a spy agency already on the defensive amid reports of a secretive eavesdropping program in the United States."
==NSA Overview==
==Contact Information==
Website: http://www.nsa.gov/
==Leadership==*Director, National Security Agency Chief, Central Security Service: [http://www.nsa.gov/about/leadership/bio_alexander.shtml Keith B. Alexander], General, U.S. Army*Deputy Director, National Security Agency: [http://www.nsa.gov/about/leadership/bio_inglis.shtml Mr. John C. (Chris) Inglis] <ref>National Security Administration, [http://www.nsa.gov/about/leadership/index.shtml NSA Leadership], nsa.gov, Accessed June 19, 2013.</ref>*Former Director: Lieutenant General [[Michael V. Hayden]]
== SourceWatch Resources ==
*[[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act]]
*[[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court]]
*[[Internet surveillance]]
*[[U.S. Department of Justice]]
*[[Electronic Frontier Foundation]]
*[[Electronic Privacy Information Center]]
*[[House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]]
*[[Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]]
*[[Central Intelligence Agency]]
*[[Department of Homeland Security]]
*[[domestic spying]]
*[[James R. Clapper, Jr.]]
*[[Michael V. Hayden]]
*[[homeland defense]]
*[[homeland security]]
*[[National Security Council]]
*[[Narus]]
*[[Operations Coordinating Board]]
*[[Russell Tice]]
*[[psyops]]
== External Links links ==
===Profiles===
*[http://www.theguardian.com/world/the-nsa-files ''The Guardian'': The NSA Files.]
*[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency Wikipedia]: National Security Agency.
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/crime/fighters/nsa.shtml BBC Profile of National Security Agency].
*[http://www.totse.com/en/politics/national_security_agency/ National Security Agency]: "The largest and most secret of the intelligence agencies of the U.S. government, the National Security Agency (NSA), with headquarters at Fort Meade, Maryland, has two main functions: to protect U.S. government communications and to intercept foreign communications."
*[http://www.austinlinks.com/Crypto/charter.html Original Charter for the NSA].
===Critical Books===
*[[Matthew M. Aid]], ''The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency'' (Bloomsbury Press, 2009). [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/23231 Review] by [[James Bamford]].
===Articles & Commentary===
* Former NSA Senior Executives (VIPS), [http://consortiumnews.com/2014/01/07/nsa-insiders-reveal-what-went-wrong/ "NSA Insiders Reveal What Went Wrong"], ''Consortium News'', January 7, 2014.
* Rick Perlstein, [http://www.thenation.com/blog/174722/nsa-doppelganger "The NSA Doppelganger"], ''The Nation'', June 7, 2013.
* David Jackson, Susan Davis and Kevin Johnson, [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/06/nsa-surveillance-pits-liberty-against-security/2398987/ "NSA surveillance pits liberty against security"], ''USA Today'', June 7, 2013.
* Jim Galloway, [http://www.ajc.com/weblogs/political-insider/2013/jun/12/nsa-leaker-creates-rift-between-national-security-/ "NSA leaker creates a rift between 'national security' and 'liberty' Republicans"], ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution'', June 12, 2013.
* Editorial, [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/plus/chi-wp-fp-terror-approach,0,2320555.story "Revelations about NSA demand a close look by Congress"], ''Cleveland Plain Dealer'', June 12, 2013.
*Jim Hightower, [http://jimhightower.com/node/8059 "Repeal the patriot act,"] JimHightower.com, June 19, 2013.
*James Bamford, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-the-national-security-agency/2013/06/21/438e0c4a-d37f-11e2-b05f-3ea3f0e7bb5a_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost Five myths about the National Security Agency], ''The Washington Post'', June 21, 2013.
* Michael Kelley, [http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/ORIGINAL-NSA-WHISTLEBLOWER-I-Saw-The-Order-To-4616247.php "ORIGINAL NSA WHISTLEBLOWER: I Saw The Order To Wiretap Barack Obama In 2004"], ''Houston Chronicle'', June 22, 2013.
* Allison Sherry, [http://www.denverpost.com/ci_23530383/udall-nsa-states-significant-errors-about-privacy-protections "Udall: NSA states "significant" errors about privacy protections"], ''The Denver Post'', June 24, 2013.
* Ryan Gallagher, [http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2013/06/edward_snowden_fact_checking_which_surveillance_claims_were_right.html "Fact and Fiction in the NSA Surveillance Scandal"], ''Slate'', June 26, 2013.
* John Dean, [http://verdict.justia.com/2013/06/28/will-director-of-national-intelligence-james-clapper-be-prosecuted-for-lying-to-congress-regarding-the-nsas-surveillance "Will Director of National Intelligence James Clapper Be Prosecuted for Lying to Congress Regarding the NSA’s Surveillance?"], Justia.com, June 28, 2013.
* Martha Mendoza - AP, [http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/215694281.html "Broad coalition sues feds to halt electronic surveillance by National Security Agency"], ''Minneapolis Star Tribune'', July 16, 2013.
* Ali Watkins, [http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/07/17/3505474/skeptical-congress-turns-its-spycam.html "Skeptical Congress turns its spycam on NSA surveillance"], ''The Miami Herald'', July 17, 2013.
* Donna Cassata, [http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2013/07/24/house-declines-limit-nsa-program/BWllYcR1XU9slzs7YCzaxL/story.html "House rejects limits to NSA program"], ''The Boston Globe'', July 24, 2013.
* David Kravets, [http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/07/money-nsa-vote/ "Lawmakers Who Upheld NSA Phone Spying Received Double the Defense Industry Cash"], ''Wired'', July 26, 2013.
* Editorial, [http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-ed-nsa-surveillance-amash-amendment-house-vote-20130729,0,6084823.story "Sending a message on NSA surveillance"], ''Los Angeles Times'', July 29, 2013.
* Glenn Greenwald, [http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jul/29/poll-nsa-surveillance-privacy-pew "Major opinion shifts, in the US and Congress, on NSA surveillance and privacy"], ''The Guardian'', July 29, 2013.
* Michael Kelley, [http://www.chron.com/news/politics/article/Obama-meeting-with-lawmakers-on-NSA-surveillance-4700291.php "Surveillance critics face Obama in Oval Office"], ''Houston Chronicle'', August 2, 2013.
* Glenn Greenwald, [http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/04/congress-nsa-denied-access "Members of Congress denied access to basic information about NSA"], ''The Guardian'', August 4, 2013.
* Editorial, [http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-ed-nsa-20130807,0,7042321.story "Keeping secrets secret"], ''Los Angeles Times'', August 7, 2013.
* William Rivers Pitt, [http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/18022-you-are-in-fact-being-watched "You Are, In Fact, Being Watched "], truthout, August 7, 2013.
* David Rothkopf, [http://www.cleveland.com/opinion/index.ssf/2013/06/revelations_about_nsa_demand_a.html "The wrong approach to terror"], ''The Chicago Tribune'', August 8, 2013.
* Steven Rosenfeld, [http://www.alternet.org/civil-liberties/your-government-spies-you-and-lies-about-it-now-what?paging=off "Your Government Spies on You and Lies About It: Now What?"], ''Alternet'', August 8, 2013.
* Steve Chapman, [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/chapman/chi-obama-misleads-on-snowden-20130809,0,3903426.column "Obama's deceptions on Snowden"], ''The Chicago Tribune'', August 9, 2013.
* Jay Stanley, [https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty/prospect-blackmail-nsa "On the Prospect of Blackmail by the NSA"], American Civil Liberties Union Blog, October 15, 2013.
* Alfred McCoy, [http://www.tomdispatch.com/blog/175795/tomgram%3A_alfred_mccoy%2C_it%27s_about_blackmail%2C_not_national_security/ "Surveillance and Scandal"], ''Tom Dispatch'', January 19, 2014. "Tomgram: Alfred McCoy, It's About Blackmail, Not National Security."
* Benjy Sarlin, [http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/rnc-condemns-nsa-spying-shock-turnaround-0 "RNC condemns NSA spying in huge turnaround"], MSNBC, January 24, 2014.
* Charlie Savage, [http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/16/us/politics/democratic-senators-warn-about-use-of-patriot-act.html?_r=1& "Democratic Senators Issue Strong Warning About Use of the Patriot Act"], ''New York Times'', March 16, 2012.
* Lolita C. Baldor, [http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2010/10/13/homeland_security_and_spy_agency_to_work_together/ "Homeland Security and spy agency to work together"], ''Boston Globe'', October 13, 2010.
*Shane Harris and Tim Naftali, [http://www.slate.com/id/2133564 "Tinker, Tailor, Miner, Spy. Why the NSA's snooping is unprecedented in scale and scope,"] ''Slate'', January 3, 2006.
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/16/politics/16programbox.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1134768842-EbAjG+d8LiFD5AA/1IQ41w "A Half-Century of Surveillance,"] ''New York Times'', December 16, 2005.
*James Bamford, [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/25/weekinreview/25bamford.html?ex=1293166800&en=3d09922ebe6b2eac&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss "The Agency That Could Be Big Brother,"] ''New York Times'', December 25, 2005.
===References===
<references/>
[[category:intelligence community]]
[[Category:Intelligence agencies]][[category:national security]]
[[Category:Civil liberties (U.S.)]][[Category:Needs review]]
