Changes

'''Globalization''', according to one source, is defined politically and economically as "the process of denationalization of markets, politics and legal systems, i.e., the rise of the so-called '''[[global economy]]'''. The consequences of this '''political and economic restructuring''' on local economies, human welfare and environment are the subject of an open debate among international organizations, governmental institutions and the academic world."[http://www.globalization.com/index.cfm?MyCatID=1&PageID=1321] Globalization removes control over local resources to remote insensitive trans-national corporations operating solely on an agenda of profits, underinformed of and with insufficient concern for local effects. It exemplifies the [[socialization of costs and privatization of profits]]. "Agricultural workers and their families are being poisoned, rural lands, forests, oceans and waters are devastated, biodiversity is being destroyed, and food is unfit for human consumption. With these words, 140 participants from 17 countries at the First Pesticide Action Network Asia and the Pacific Congress in Manila last week [April 2003] warned the world that industrial agriculture as conducted by transnational corporations is undermining the resources needed to sustain food production."[http://ens-news.com/ens/apr2003/2003-04-07-03.asp] Another perspective equates globalization with the phenomenon of '''intercontinental contracting'''. Keith Porter writes: "People around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more quickly than ever. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world. International travel is more frequent. International communication is commonplace."[http://globalization.about.com/library/weekly/aa080601a.htm] Porter adds: "While some people think of globalization as primarily a synonym for global business, it is much more than that. The same forces that allow businesses to operate as if national borders did not exist also allow social activists, labor organizers, journalists, academics, and many others to work on a global stage."[http://globalization.about.com/library/weekly/aa080601a.htm] --------- '''Promotion of Conflict''' "Many of Since the armed conflicts Seattle surprise of recent years have been sustained by economic activities of combatants with access 1999, it has become standard procedure to global markets. Todayerect a miniature [[police state]] around globalization summits, and it's warlords, make use hard not to read these rights-free zones as prefigurations of global financial and commodity markets to transform control over natural resources into war fighting capacitywhat full-blown corporate globalization might bring. Under the cover After all, this form of armed conflictglobalization would essentially suspend local, regional, legally or illegally produced commodities are traded on the legitimateand national rights of self-determination over labor, but highly unregulated, global markets to obtain financial resourcesenvironmental, weapons and other materiel needed to sustain agricultural conditions in the name of the dubious benefits of the war."[[free market]], benefits that would be enforced by unaccountable transnational authorities acting primarily to protect the rights of capital." --Rebecca Solnit, November 2003.[http://www.fafonationinstitute.noorg/piccrtomdispatch/ecoconindex.htmmhtml?pid=1090] ---- '''Globalization ==Promotion of North America''' Conflict== The activity "Many of globalization can be applied to, or against, any country, including the Uarmed conflicts of recent years have been sustained by economic activities of combatants with access to global markets.S. [http://www.citizenToday's warlords, make use of global financial and commodity markets to transform control over natural resources into war fighting capacity.org/pressroom/release.cfm?ID=1368]; March 28Under the cover of armed conflict, 2003, ''Public Citizen'': :"Without approval by Michigan's legislature legally or Gov. Jennifer Granholmillegally produced commodities are traded on the legitimate, the Bush administration plans but highly unregulated, global markets to obtain financial resources, weapons and other materiel needed to submit offers next week at sustain the war."[[World Trade Organization]http://www.fafo.no/piccr/ecocon.htm] (WTO) that could require the state  ==Globalization of North America== The activity of globalization can be applied to open public services to foreign, for-profit ownership and strictly curtail state regulation of bankingor against, insurance, electricity, water systems, transportationany country, alcohol distribution and professional services including those provided by doctors, lawyers and accountantsthe U.S. [http:"States would be required to conform their policies to global rules established as part of negotiations occurring under the WTO//www.citizen.org/pressroom/release.cfm?ID=1368 March 28, 2003, ''Public Citizen'']::"Without approval by Michigan's General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)legislature or Gov. The threat [[Jennifer Granholm]], the [[Bush administration]] plans to numerous state laws and policies was revealed only weeks ago when submit offers next week at the European Union's [[World Trade Organization]] (EUWTO) demands of that could require the U.S. were leaked from the secretive talks being held at the WTO's Geneva headquarters. :"The leaked documents showed that a stunning scope of domestic policies that citizens expect state to open public services to be set foreign, for-profit ownership and strictly curtail state regulation of banking, insurance, electricity, water systems, transportation, alcohol distribution and professional services including those provided by their federaldoctors, state lawyers and local officials are poised accountants. :"States would be required to conform their policies to be eliminated in global rules established as part of negotiations pushed by giant, multinational service sector corporations such as Andersen, occurring under the WTO's [[HalliburtonGeneral Agreement on Trade in Services]] and RWE/Thames Water(GATS). The threat to numerous state laws and policies include was revealed only weeks ago when the privatization and deregulation [[European Union]]'s (EU) demands of public energy and water utilities, postal services, higher education and alcohol distribution systems; the right of foreign firms to obtain U.S. government small business loans; and deregulation were leaked from the secretive talks being held at the WTO's Geneva headquarters. :"The leaked documents showed that a stunning scope of private-domestic policies that citizens expect to be set by their federal, state and local officials are poised to be eliminated in global negotiations pushed by giant, multinational service sector industries corporations such as insurance[[Arthur Andersen]], banking, mutual funds [[Halliburton Company]] and securities[[RWE/Thames Water]]." The website policies include the privatization and [http://www.progress.org/2003/corpw34.htm ''"Progress Report"''[deregulation]] observes in October 2003 that :Mining corporations, many of which are not even Americanpublic energy and water utilities, postal services, receive huge welfare handouts from higher education and alcohol distribution systems; the right of foreign firms to obtain U.S. taxpayers in the form government small business loans; and deregulation of access to public land at far less than the market valueprivate-sector industries such as insurance, banking, mutual funds and securities. Billions of dollars' worth of precious metals and other natural resources have been taken from public land, without any compensation to U" The website [http://www.Sprogress. taxpayersorg/2003/corpw34. htm ''"Progress Report"''] observes in October 2003 that:Now in a new developmentMining corporations, instead many of reforming this scandalous situationwhich are not even American, the Bush administration is making it even worse by telling mining corporations they can pollute receive huge welfare handouts from U.S. taxpayers in the form of access to public lands without liability -- the full cost and liability hits land at far less than the taxpayers insteadmarket value. :"Negotiated behind closed doors between the Bush administration Billions of dollars' worth of precious metals and America's most toxic industryother natural resources have been taken from public land, this outrageous reversal directs the government without any compensation to quit enforcing existing federal law," said Steve D'Esposito U.S. taxpayers. :Now in a new development, instead of [http://www.mineralpolicy.org/ Mineral Policy Center]reforming this scandalous situation, the Bush administration is making it even worse by telling mining corporations they can pollute public lands without liability -- the full cost and liability hits the taxpayers instead. ----------- '''Globalization of Latin :"Negotiated behind closed doors between the Bush administration and America''' See article on [s most toxic industry, this outrageous reversal directs the government to quit enforcing existing federal law," said Steve D'Esposito of [Imperial terror in South America]] and links therefromhttp://www.mineralpolicy. org/ Mineral Policy Center]. ---------- '''==Globalization of the Middle East''' Latin America== Since U.See article on [[Imperial terror in South America]] and links therefrom. ==Globalization of the Middle East== Since U.S. and U.K. forces, the "[[coalition of the willing]]," began the campaign ([[Gulf War II]]) to oust [[Saddam Hussein ]] and his "repressive" and "malignant" Iraqi leadership, other challenges for globalization may be on the horizon. Some are seeing Iraq's -- and the Middle East's -- future through other definitions like '''Americanization''', or [[Pax Americana| the Pax Americana doctrine]]. An increasingly popular view is that [[Islamist]] activity is more [[anti-imperialist]] than religiously motivated. [[Olivier Roy]] of the [[Open Society Institute]] has broached the view that any model of an [[Islamic caliphate]] would almost certainly be defined by its resistance to economic globalization, rather than any religious ideal. ------------ '''==[[Globalization of Iraq]]''' ==--------- '''==Globalization of Africa''' == [http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/oneworld/20031028/wl_oneworld/2216714241067350877 Jim Lobe, WASHINGTONWashington, D.C., Oct October 28, 2003 (OneWorld)] writes: :A dozen major international human rights and develoment groups are calling on the UN Security Council to press the United States and other western governments to launch immediate investigations into the involvement of multinational corporations based in their countries in profiteering from the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo. See [[war profiteering]]. :The appeal--by such groups as [[Human Rights Watch]] (HRW), [[Friends of the Earth]] (FoE), [[Oxfam]], and the [[International Human Rights Law Group]]--charges that multinational corporations (MNCs) have developed "elite networks" of key political, military, and business elites to plunder the Congo's natural resources during a five-year conflict that has caused the deaths of more than three million people--the highest civilian death toll of any war since World War II. :The groups' appeal comes on the eve of the [http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=8706&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo final report of a Panel of Experts] ["Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the DRC"] that was established by the UN in 2000 to study the '''illegal exploitation''' of the DRC's abundant natural resources. Also see ==References==*[[Pax Americana, AfricaJoseph E. Stiglitz]] *[http. 2003, 2002. '''[[Globalization and its Discontents]]'''. New York://wwwW.W.globalwitnessNorton.org/campaigns/diamonds/unISBN0393051242.php Conflict  Also see *[[Pax Americana, Africa]]*[http://www.globalwitness.org/campaigns/diamonds/un.php Conflict Diamonds] .*[http://www.globalwitness.org/reports/show.php/en.00002.html '''"All the Presidents Men"'''], March 2002, The devastating story of oil and [[banking ]] in [[Angola]]'s privatised war. *[http://www.globalwitness.org/reports/show.php/en.00016.html '''"A Crude Awakening"'''], December 1999, The Role of the Oil and Banking Industries in Angola's conflict. *[http://www.fafo.no/piccr/background.htm Background and Primary Source Documents on Economics of Armed Conflict] .*[http://www.natural-resources.org/minerals/law/conflict.htm information on conflicts involving the exploitation of metals] . ------------ == Other Related SourceWatch Resources == *[[American Turkish Council]]*[[biometrics]] *the The [[Bolivia]]n Water War *[[European Business Ethics Network]]*[[Business Roundtable]]*[[Corporate campaigns]]*[[European Union]] *[[free trade]] *[[G8]] *[[G20]] *[[G21]] *[[G22]] *[[George Soros]] *[[Global Compact]] *[[Global Compact Corporate Partners]]*[[Global insurgency for change]]*[[Horizon Project]] *[[Imperial terror in South America]] *[[International Occupation Watch Center]] in Iraq *[[oil industry]]*[[population control]] *[[Pax Americana]] *[[Privatization]] *[[Rothschild family]]*[[Third world]] *[[Timeline to global governance]] "The New Rulers Of The *[[World"Trade Organization]], a film by John Pilger. == External Links links == ===General Resources===*An [http://www.catoemory.orgedu/specialSOC/symposiumglobalization/indexThe Globalization Web Site], Emory University.html "online symposium"] at the [[Cato Institute]]Includes Glossary, Theories, Issues, People, Debates, News, and Books. *[http://pilgerwww.carltonglobalpolicy.comorg/globaliz/globalisation "The New Rulers Of The World"Globalization] articles and links from the [[Global Policy Forum]], a film by John Pilger. *Tim Shorrock, [http://www.thenationcato.comorg/special/symposium/docindex.mhtml?i=20030127&s=shorrock html Globalization and World Capitalism: A Dangerous Game in KoreaDebate], ''The Nation'', January 9, 2003. *Robert Scheer, -articles and links on globalization from US right-wing [[http:think tank]] the [[Cato Institute]].*[http://www.thenationcia.comgov/nic/docNIC_globaltrend2020_es.mhtml?i=20030331&s=scheer20030318 A Naked Bid to Redraw World Maphtml The 2020 Global Landscape]. Report of the [[National Intelligence Council]], ''The Nation'', March 18, 2003s 2020 Project.  ===Resources critical of Globalisation===*Robert Scheer, [http://www.thenationfoei.comorg/publications/pdfs/doctyranny.mhtml?i=20030407&s=scheer20030235 The Wraps Come Off Bush's Colonialist Agendapdf The Tyranny of Free Trade]Friends of the Earth International, ''The Nation'', March 25, 2003Dec 2005. *[http://www.noutopiatradewatchoz.comorg/guide/indexNew_WTO_Guide.html#anchor690808 Ohpdf The World Trade Organisation: An Australian Guide], great. A Bush war spinoff], No Utopia, March 26Global Trade Watch, 2003Dec 2005. From CNN*[http: ''//www.cepr.net/globalization/scorecard_on_globalization.htm "The Iraqi war has convinced the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leadership that some form Scorecard on Globalization 1980-2000; Twenty Years of confrontation with the UDiminished Progress,"][http://www.Scepr. could come earlier than expected. Beijing has also begun to fine-tune its domestic net/ Center for Economic and security policies to counter the perceived threat of U.S. "neo-imperialismPolicy Research], July 11, 2003."'' *[http://www.noutopiamaketradefair.comorg/en/index.html#anchor690808 "Chaos in the Middle East is not the Bush hawks' nightmare scenario--it's their planphp?file=26032002105549."htm Rigged Rules & Double Standards], revised March 28Oxfam International, 20032002. *Thomas L. Friedman, [http://querypilger.nytimescarlton.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40C12F73C5D0C738FDDAA0894DB404482 NATO's globalisation "The New FrontRulers Of The World"], ''The New York Times'', March 30, 2003a film by [[John Pilger]]. *Joshua Micah Marshall, ==="Pro" Globalisation Resources===*[http://www.washingtonmonthlyglobalisationinstitute.org Globalisation Institute]*[http://iccwbo.comorg/home/statements_rules/featuresstatements/2003/0304105-46E.marshall.html Practice to Deceive. Chaos in the Middle East is not the Bush hawks' nightmare scenario--it's their planpdf New facts on globalization, poverty and income distribution]International Chamber of Commerce, ''Washington Monthly,'' April 15 Jan 2003. *Thomas L. Friedman, [http://wwwwww1.nytimesworldbank.comorg/2003economicpolicy/04globalization/02/opinion/02FRIE.html Come the RevolutionGlobalization, Growth and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy], ''The New York Times'', April 2, 2003[[World Bank]] articles. *Bill Fletcher, Jr.IMF Staff, [http://www.thenationimf.comorg/external/np/exr/ib/2000/doc041200.mhtmlhtm Globalization: Threat or Opportunity?i=20030421&s=fletcher Response 2. Today Iraq], Tomorrow.April 12, 2000 (Corrected January 2002). ==Globalisation Articles==*William Greider, [http://www.thenation.?com/doc/20070430/greider The Establishment Rethinks Globalization], ''The Nation'', April 319, 20032007. *[http==Further Reading (Books)==*Joseph Stiglitz, [http://www.noutopiawwnorton.com/indexcatalog/spring03/032439.html#anchor219255 The problem with fanatics is that they're unreasonable zealotshtm Globalization and its Discontents], No Utopia, April 3, 2003ISBN 0-393-32439-7. *David EJagdish N. SangerBhagwati, [http://www.nytimesamazon.com/2003exec/04obidos/06tg/internationaldetail/worldspecial-/06POLI.html Viewing the War as a Lesson to the World0195170253?v=glance In Defense of Globalization], ''The New York Times''Jan 2004, April 5, 2003ISBN: 0195170253. *Ron Brownstein, [[category:Globalization]][[httpcategory://www.latimes.com/la-war-poll5apr05,0,3145206.story Support of U.S. Military Role in Mideast Grows. Americans' backing for Bush rises; many might endorse action against Iran or Syria], ''The Los Angeles Times'', April 5, 2003. *[http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story2&cid=578&ncid=578&e=9&u=/nm/20030408/ts_nm/korea_north_usa_dc North Korea Says U.S. Wants to Commit 'Terrorism'], Reuters, April 8, 2003. '''Globalization''' *[http://www1.worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/ Globalization, Growth and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy], World Bank articles. *IMF Staff, [http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200.htm Globalization: Threat or Opportunity?], April 12, 2000 (Corrected January 2002). *[http://www.emory.edu/SOC/globalization/ The Globalization Web Site], Emory University. Includes Glossary, Theories, Issues, People, Debates, News, and Books. *[http://www.democracyctr.org/newsletter/vol39.htm "Globalization - What's all the fuss about?"], The Democracy Center, August 24, 2001 *[http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/ Globalization] articles and links from the Global Policy Forum. *[http://www.ifg.org/ International Forum on Globalization] *Mark Weisbrot, [http://www.cepr.net/GlobalPrimer2.htm Globalization: A Primer], Center for Economic and Policy Research, October 1999. *Thomas P. M. Barnett (U.S. Naval War College), [http://www.cfr.org/ The Pentagon's New Map: It Explains Why We're Going to War, and Why We'll Keep Going to War], ''Esquire'', March 2003. Go to "Globalization". *[http://www.worldtrademag.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/news/news%5Fitem/0%2C3881%2C94342%2C00.html ICC Says Globalization Narrows the Poverty Gap], WorldTrade, March 15, 2003. *Anna Willard, [http://www.forbes.com/markets/newswire/2003/03/17/rtr909541.html IMF-no clear proof globalization helps the poor], Reuters, March 17, 2003. *[http://www.cepr.net/globalization/scorecard_on_globalization.htm "The Scorecard on Globalization 1980-2000; Twenty Years of Diminished Progress."], July 11, 2001, national security threat]][http://www.cepr.net/ Center for Economic and Policy Research] *[httpcategory://www.wwnorton.com/catalog/spring03/032439.htm Globalization and its Discontentsinternational trade]] ISBN 0-393-32439-7 by Joseph Stiglitz *[http[category://www.seen.org/pages/subsidies.shtml Corporate Subsidizationeconomics]]