*[[American Alternative Foundation]]: Former Member, Board of Directors
*[[American Enterprise Institute]] Former Fellow
*[[American Security Council]]: Former Active Participant
*[[Center for a Free Cuba]]: Former Member, Board of Directors
*[[Civil Courage Prize]], Prize Advisor,
*[[Committee for the Free World]]: Former Member, Board of Directors
*[[Coalition for a Democratic Majority]]: Former Member
*[[Committee on the Present Danger]]: Former Member
*[[Council on Foreign Relations]] (CFR); former member
*[[Cuban American National Fund]]: Former Member, Advisory Committee
*[[International Republican Institute]] Former Member, Board of Directors (2004)
*[[Empower America]], co-founder, Board of Directors;
*[[Foundation for the Defense of Democracies]] (FDD); Board of Directors
*[[Henry M. Jackson Foundation]]: Former Member, Board of Governors
*[[Institute of American Universities]], Aix en Provence, France: Former Trustee
*[[International Committee for Democracy in Cuba]] Member,
*[[National Committee on American Foreign Policy]]: Former Member, Board of Advisers;
*[[New Atlantic Initiative]] (American Enterprise Institute): Former Member International Advisory Board
*[[Nicaraguan Freedom Fund]]: Former Vice President
*[[Project for the New American Century]]: Letter Signatory
*[[Social Democrats USA]] (SDUSA); founder
*[[UN Watch]] Former Member, Board of Directors
Affiliations
*[[U.S. Committee for a Free Lebanon]]: Former Golden Circle Supporter
*[[Nicaraguan Freedom Fund]]: Former Vice President
*[[Committee for the Free World]]: Former Member, Board of Directors
*[[Cuban American National Fund]]: Former Member, Advisory Committee
*[[Coalition for a Democratic Majority]]: Former Member
*[[American Security Council]]: Former Active Participant
*[[Committee on the Present Danger]]: Former Member
==Government Service==# * U.S. Representative to the UN Human Rights Commission: (2003)# * Secretary of Defense Commission on Fail Safe and Risk Reduction: Chairperson (1991-1992)# * [[Defense Policy Review Board]]: Member (1985-1993)# * President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board: Member (1985-1990)# * U.S. Representative to the United Nations: (1981-85)# * [[National Security Council]]: Member during Reagan Administration
==Education==# * Columbia University: Ph.D., Political Science# * Institute de Science Politique in Paris: French Government Fellow# * Columbia University: M.A., Political Science# * Barnard College: A.B.
==External Links==