View source for International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications

'''International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications''' (ISAAA) is an international not-for-profit organization that promotes the use of agricultural [[biotechnology]], such as [[genetically modified organisms]] (GMOs). ISAAA is, in part, funded by the [[U.S. Agency for International Development]]. As of 2000, ISAAA focused its efforts on: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, in Southeast Asia; Kenya and its neighboring countries, Egypt and Zimbabwe, in Africa; and Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mexico, in Latin America.<ref>Anatole F. Krattiger, [http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/19/default.html An Overview of ISAAA from 1992 to 2000], ISAAA Briefs No. 19., ISAAA, Ithaca, NY, 2000.</ref>

== Founding ==
ISAAA was founded in 1990 by [[Clive James]], who remains chairman of the board.<ref>[http://www.ibec.ie/Sectors/IBIA/IBIADoclib3.nsf/wvICSS/7376439936CE0E6D80256E86004A384F/%24File/CV%2BClive%2BJames%2B%282.8KB%29.pdf BRIEF BIOGRAPHY FOR Dr. CLIVE JAMES], Accessed October 17, 2011.</ref> According to James' biography, ISAAA was established to "facilitate the acquisition and transfer of agricultural biotechnology applications from the industrial countries, for the benefit of resource-poor farmers in the developing world" and ultimately "to alleviate hunger and poverty in the developing countries."<ref>[http://www.ibec.ie/Sectors/IBIA/IBIADoclib3.nsf/wvICSS/7376439936CE0E6D80256E86004A384F/%24File/CV%2BClive%2BJames%2B%282.8KB%29.pdf BRIEF BIOGRAPHY FOR Dr. CLIVE JAMES], Accessed October 17, 2011.</ref>

According to a brief on the founding of ISAAA:<ref name="Brief19">Anatole F. Krattiger, [http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/19/default.html An Overview of ISAAA from 1992 to 2000], ISAAA Briefs No. 19., ISAAA, Ithaca, NY, 2000.</ref>

:The Inception (1990-1992)
:"In 1989, the World Bank sponsored a conference in Canberra, Australia, to study the implications of biotechnology on agriculture. The Bank had commissioned Drs. [[Clive James]] (then Deputy Director General at [[CIMMYT]]) and [[Gabrielle Persley]] (then on sabbatical at [[ISNAR]]) to undertake a study of the potential future role of the private sector in agriculture in the developing world. Their study concluded that a new institutional mechanism was required to forge public private partnerships that would allow the private sector to share its proprietary science with small-scale and resource-poor farmers.

:"A number of donors <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[The Hitachi Foundation]], the [[MacArthur Foundation|MacArthur]], [[McKnight Foundation|McKnight]], [[Mott Foundation|Mott]], [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller]], and [[Wallace Foundation|Wallace]] Foundations, [[Monsanto]], the [[Rockefeller Brothers Fund]], the [[Stockholm Environment Institute]], and [[USAID]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> subsequently funded a feasibility study during late 1990/early 1991 (under the auspices of the now defunct [[Resources Development Foundation]]), which considered more deeply the need for such a service and what would be its optimal organizational structure and role. The analysis included a prioritized list of potential projects. Dr. James led the study, with inputs from a host of people, including a Steering Committee that eventually became the founding Board of Directors. <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Gordon Goodman]] (Chairman), [[Norman Borlaug]], [[Richard Flavell]], [[Robert Fraley]], Robert Goodman, [[Luis Herrera-Estrella]], [[Emil Javier]], [[Thomas Odhiambo]], [[Vernon Ruttan]], [[Francesco Salamini]], [[M.S. Swaminathan]], and [[Jasper Van Zanten]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>

:"ISAAA was incorporated in the USA as a non-profit organization in July 1991. Much preparatory work was done during that year by [[Clive James]] (who by then had hired the author of this ISAAA Briefs <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Anatole F. Krattiger]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> as a consultant) to formally launch ISAAA in March 1992. This was done in conjunction with the opening of the AmeriCenter, hosted by [[Cornell University]] in Ithaca, New York, USA. Subsequently, the EuroCenter, AfriCenter, SEAsiaCenter, and Liaison Center for the AsiaCenter were established. The original plan had called for three centers in the North (North America, Europe, and Japan), each with two senior directors; and three centers in the South (Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia), each with one network coordinator...

:"While the institution was being established, a number of projects were developed and implemented in Latin America, most notably the development of virus-resistant potatoes in Mexico with coat-protein technology donated by [[ Monsanto]] (see ISAAA Briefs No. 7) and the development of diagnostics in maize (see ISAAA Briefs No. 9).

:"ISAAA was led from 1992 to early 1994 by Dr. [[David Altman]], by Prof. [[William Lesser]] during the remainder of 1994, and by the author of this ISAAA Briefs from 1995 to late 2000."

== Genetically Engineered Crop Projects ==

=== GE Sweet Potato (Kenya) ===
<ref>Matin Qaim, "[http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/13/default.html The Economic Effects of Genetically Modified Orphan Commodities: Projections for Sweetpotato in Kenya]," ISAAA Briefs No. 13, ISAAA, Ithaca, NY and ZEF, Bonn, 1999.</ref>

=== GE Potato (Mexico) ===
<ref>Matin Qaim, "[http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/07/default.html Transgenic Virus Resistant Potatoes in Mexico: Potential Socioeconomic Implications of North-South Biotechnology Transfer]," ISAAA Briefs No. 7, ISAAA, Ithaca, NY, 1999.</ref>

=== GE Papaya (Philippines) ===
[[GE Papaya]]<ref>[[Randy A. Hautea]], [[Chan Ying Kwok]], [[Supat Attathom]], and [[Anatole F. Krattiger]], "[http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/11/default.html The Papaya Biotechnology Network of Southeast Asia: Biosafety Considerations and Papaya Background Information]," ISAAA Briefs No. 11, ISAAA, Ithaca, NY, 1999.</ref>

== Cooperation with USAID ==
:"A cooperative agreement from the [[U.S. Agency for International Development]] (USAID) - Philippines Mission to ISAAA provides technical assistance to help the Philippines in the following areas:

:* "strengthening the country’s regulatory framework for agricultural biotechnology and accelerating the development and commercial use of a broader range of biotech products. The USAID grant through ISAAA, supports two locally developed biotech crops -  [[papaya ringspot virus resistant (PRSV) papaya]] and [[Bt Eggplant|fruit and shoot borer resistant (FSBR) eggplant]].
:* "identification of new and potential biotechnology applications for the Philippines in forestry, fisheries, livestock, and industrial/microbial biotech for bio-remediation and biofuels production.
:* "increasing the awareness and level of acceptance of the Filipino public on the use of modern biotechnology.

:* "ISAAA is also managing USAID’s support on concurrent capacity building, institutional support, and public awareness activities in the country through its [[Economic Modernization through Efficient Reforms and Governance Enhancement (EMERGE) Project]]."<ref>[http://www.isaaa.org/programs/supportprojects/usaid/default.asp USAID Support Projects], Accessed October 17, 2011.</ref>

== Funding ==
Donors to ISAAA include:<ref>[http://www.isaaa.org/inbrief/donors/default.asp Donors], Accessed October 17, 2011.</ref>
* [[USAID]]'s [[Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (ABSP) II]], run by [[Cornell University]]
* [[Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa]] (ASARECA)
* [[Barwale Foundation]], India
* [[Bayer|Bayer CropScience Ag]]
* [[Bejo Sheetal Seeds Pvt. Ltd]], India
* [[BIO-EARN]]: East African Regional Programme and Research Network for Biotechnology, Biosafety and Biotechnology Policy Development
* [[CropLife International]]
* [[FARMAfrica]]
* [[Fondazione Bussolera Branca]], Italy
* Government of Kenya/KAPP ([[Kenya Agricultural Productivity Project]])
* [[Ibercaja]], Spain
* [[International Development Research Center of Canada]] (IRDC)
* [[JK Agri-Genetics]], India
* [[Kilimo Trust]], Uganda
* [[Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Pvt. Ltd]] ([[Mahyco]]), India (owned 26% by Monsanto)
* [[Maendeleo Agricultural Technology Fund]] (MATF)
* [[Monsanto]]
* [[Department of Agriculture (Philippines)]]
* [[USAID]]'s [[Program for Biosafety Systems]], run by [[IFPRI]]
* [[Rasi Seeds Ltd.]], India
* [[SEAMEO SEARCA]], Philippines
* [[UNESCO]]
* [[USAID]]
* [[USDA]]
* [[Vibha Agrotech Pvt. Ltd]], India

Patrons include:
* [[Norman Borlaug]] (First Founding Patron)
* [[Richard B. Flavell]] (USA)
* [[Dafang Huang]] (China)
* [[Jiro Kondo]] (Japan)
* [[Gabrielle J. Persley]] (Australia/UK)
* [[M.S. Swaminathan]] (India)
* [[Marc van Montagu]] (Belgium)

== Board of Directors ==
As of 2011:<ref>[http://www.isaaa.org/inbrief/structure/default.asp Structure and Governance], Accessed October 17, 2011.</ref>
* Chair: [[Clive James]], Canada
* Vice Chair: [[Paul S. Teng]], Singapore
* Secretary: [[W. Ronnie Coffman]], USA
* Treasurer: [[Wallace Beversdorf]], USA
* [[Anderson Galvao Gomes]], Brazil
* [[C.D. Mayee]], India
* [[Jennifer Thomson]], South Africa
* [[Jikun Huang]], China
* [[Jonathan Dallas George Jones]], UK
* [[Ronald L. Phillips]], USA
* [[Vo-Tong Xuan]], Vietnam
* [[Randy A. Hautea]] (ex officio member, ISAAA Global Coordinator), Philippines

== Contact Information ==
* ISAAA SEAsiaCenter
* Dr. [[Randy A. Hautea]], Center Director and ISAAA Global Coordinator
* c/o [[IRRI]]
* DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila
* The Philippines
* Ph: +63 2 845-0563/0569/ 0573
* Fax: +63 49 536-7216; or +63 2 845-0606
* E-mail: seasiacenter@isaaa.org

In the United States:
* ISAAA AmeriCenter
* Ms. Patricia Meenen, Administrative Manager
* 417 Bradfield Hall
* [[Cornell University]], Ithaca
* New York 14853, USA
* Ph: +1 607 255-1724
* Fax: +1 607 255-1215
* E-mail: americenter@isaaa.org 

* Web: [http://www.isaaa.org/ http://www.isaaa.org/]

== Articles and Resources ==

=== Related SourceWatch Articles ===
* [[U.S. State Department Promotion of Agricultural Biotechnology]]
* [[U.S. Department of State Biotechnology Outreach Funds]]
* [[Monsanto's Use of Humanitarian Projects to Open Global Markets to GMOs]]
* [[Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (ABSP) I]]
* [[Agricultural Biotechnology Support Project (ABSP) II]]
* [[Program for Biosafety Systems]]
* [[Presidential Initiative to End Hunger in Africa (IEHA)]]

=== References ===
<references/>

=== External Resources ===

=== External Articles ===

[[category:GMO Proponents]][[category:United States]][[category:Agriculture]][[category:Biotechnology]][[category:Second Green Revolution]]