Independence Institute

The Independence Institute is a free-market, libertarian think tank based in Denver, Colorado. The non-profit is a member of the State Policy Network. Independence Institute states its mission as "to empower individuals and to educate citizens, legislators and opinion makers about public policies that enhance personal and economic freedom."

Don't confuse this Coors-funded Independence Institute with the similarly-named Independent Institute.

News and Controversies

Independence Institute Loses Challenge to Colorado's Campaign Disclosure Law

On February 4, 2016, the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals rejected an Independence Institute challenge to Colorado's campaign disclosure law related to the 2014 governor’s race. The Independence Institute had fought the law because it did not want to have to disclose donors who paid for an ad attacking Gov. John Hickenlooper (D) in 2014.

Tara Malloy, the deputy executive director of the Campaign Legal Center, praised the ruling,

"This ruling marks another resounding victory for disclosure against a nationwide flood of challenges to laws that require the reporting of nothing more than the identity of those spending significant sums on candidate-focused ads shortly before elections."

'Independent' Scholar on Guns at Independence Institute Funded by NRA

David Kopel, the Research Director and Second Amendment Project Director at the Independence Institute, who is often presented as an "independent scholar" on gun rights has received millions in financial backing from the National Rifle Association, according to a report in The Progressive. In the article, Frank Smyth writes, "David Kopel has managed to establish himself as an independent authority on gun policy issues even though he and his Independence Institute have received over $1.42 million including about $175,000 a year over eight years from the NRA." The author also reports that, "Kopel received $1.39 million in grant money from the NRA Civil Rights Defense Fund between 2004 and 2011." When asked about the disclosure of NRA money flowing to the Independence Institute and himself, Kopel replied, "If that’s her editorial judgement, that’s fine with me. I’m not going to second-guess an editor.”

Ties to the State Policy Network

Independence Institute is an affiliate member of the State Policy Network. SPN is a web of right-wing “think tanks” and tax-exempt organizations in 48 states, Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, and the United Kingdom. As of June 2024, SPN's membership totals 167. Today's SPN is the tip of the spear of far-right, nationally funded policy agenda in the states that undergirds extremists in the Republican Party. SPN Executive Director Tracie Sharp told the Wall Street Journal in 2017 that the revenue of the combined groups was some $80 million, but a 2022 analysis of SPN's main members IRS filings by the Center for Media and Democracy shows that the combined revenue is over $152 million. Although SPN's member organizations claim to be nonpartisan and independent, the Center for Media and Democracy's in-depth investigation, "EXPOSED: The State Policy Network -- The Powerful Right-Wing Network Helping to Hijack State Politics and Government," reveals that SPN and its member think tanks are major drivers of the right-wing, American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC)-backed corporate agenda in state houses nationwide, with deep ties to the Koch brothers and the national right-wing network of funders.

In response to CMD's report, SPN Executive Director Tracie Sharp told national and statehouse reporters that SPN affiliates are "fiercely independent." Later the same week, however, The New Yorker's Jane Mayer caught Sharp in a contradiction. In her article, "Is IKEA the New Model for the Conservative Movement?," the Pulitzer-nominated reporter revealed that, in a recent meeting behind closed doors with the heads of SPN affiliates around the country, Sharp "compared the organization’s model to that of the giant global chain IKEA." She reportedly said that SPN "would provide 'the raw materials,' along with the 'services' needed to assemble the products. Rather than acting like passive customers who buy finished products, she wanted each state group to show the enterprise and creativity needed to assemble the parts in their home states. 'Pick what you need,' she said, 'and customize it for what works best for you.'" Not only that, but Sharp "also acknowledged privately to the members that the organization's often anonymous donors frequently shape the agenda. 'The grants are driven by donor intent,' she told the gathered think-tank heads. She added that, often, 'the donors have a very specific idea of what they want to happen.'"

A set of coordinated fundraising proposals obtained and released by The Guardian in early December 2013 confirm many of these SPN members' intent to change state laws and policies, referring to "advancing model legislation" and "candidate briefings." These activities "arguably cross the line into lobbying," The Guardian notes.

Ties to the Bradley Foundation

Between 2004 and 2018 the Independence Institute received $1,810,000 from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation.

Bradley detailed the most recent grants in internal documents examined by the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD). Below is a description of the grant prepared by CMD. The quoted text was written by Bradley staff.

2016 (Barder Fund): $250,000 to support work on state infrastructure.

Independence president Jon Caldara “would like to do more ‘hyper localized’ training of local grassroots activists around Colorado to participate more effectively in public discourse and policymaking. ‘Small is the new big,’ according to Caldara. Colorado has 3,600 local governments. Not only does the Left exercise its power and coercion through these governments, he and [Independence Institute] believe, but it uses them as farm teams to groom people for higher office. Local government – including its ‘sub strata’ of even more numerous boards, councils and commissions, whether actual or advisory – is the Left’s bench. II wants to build a better bench and lays out a simple four point plan to try to do so. Its two year budget for the effort is $400,000, all of which it is requesting from Bradley… It would coordinate its activities with American Majority, the Centennial Institute and the Leadership Program of the Rockies.”

• “First, II is already compiling a database of every elected and appointed position in Jefferson County, including zoning boards, urban renewal boards, liquor boards – all of them. The database will include whether the position is elected or appointed, who currently fills it, and their terms of service, among other data points. With further funding, it would enlarge the database to include other areas.”
• “Second, II wishes to conduct outreach to those in the database who it thinks would be receptive, or even semi receptive, to develop relationships that might be helpful in the near or long term future. Meetings and strategy sessions could result after enough such relationships exist.”
• “Third, it would engage in active recruitment of others to participate in the project, including through the other normal tools of network building, potentially including micro targeting. This, it says, is the most labor intensive part of the effort.”
• “Fourth, II and its allies would support and maintain what it hopes to be an enlarged network of these individuals.”

2015: $200,000 to support the Education Labor Project and the Energy Policy Center. The “Education Labor Project was created to support projects aimed at reducing the influence of local and state teacher unions by ending the practices of using public resources to promote their political agenda…The Project’s intensive outreach to individual members of the unions has proven to be successful. Through this means II has been able to persuade many members to ask for that portion of their dues to the union given over to political work to be returned to them.” “The nation needs Colorado—the state that the eco left and EPA hold up as a model—to do its part to maintain fracking and slow down the regulatory juggernaut. In its Caldara inspired aggressive way, II’s EPC is helping Colorado do this, and it’s helping others do so elsewhere.” Money will also be spent to bolster “the infrastructure there (CO), usually in the context of aggressive education reform, and including from several organizations in Denver and nearby Douglas County, Colo., which is south of Denver. These groups include the Common Sense Policy Roundtable, the Douglas County Educational Foundation, and Jeffco Students First.”

Bradley Files

In 2017, the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD), publishers of SourceWatch, launched a series of articles on the Milwaukee-based Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, exposing the inner-workings of one of America's largest right-wing foundations. 56,000 previously undisclosed documents laid bare the Bradley Foundation's highly politicized agenda. CMD detailed Bradley's efforts to map and measure right wing infrastructure nationwide, including by dismantling and defunding unions to impact state elections; bankrolling discredited spin doctor Richard Berman and his many front groups; and more. Find the series here at ExposedbyCMD.org.

Ties to the American Legislative Exchange Council

The Independence Institute has ties to ALEC through membership in "task forces." Barry Poulson, a senior fellow at the institute's Fiscal Policy Center, is an advisor to ALEC's Tax and Fiscal Policy Task Force. Mr. Poulson participates in the Public Pension Reform Working Group. He gave a report on their behalf to the task force at the 2011 Annual Meeting.

Another senior fellow, Rob Natelson, is member of the International Relations Task Force. He is listed as an "advisor" to the Federal Relations Working Group on the agenda from the ALEC Nation and State Policy Summit in 2010, where he spoke about convening an Article 5 convention . At ALEC's 38th Annual Meeting in 2011, Natelson gave another presentation to the Federal Relations Working Group titled "Where’s the Line? How States Protect the Constitution," along with Representative Ken Ivory (UT).

Ben DeGrow, a public policy analyst at the Independence Institute, represents the think tank on on ALEC's Education Task Force. He sponsored amendments to ALEC’s “Open Enrollment Act” and gave a presentation entitled “Collective Bargaining Transparency” at the 2010 States and Nation Policy Summit.

Former University of Montana constitutional scholar Rob Natelson, a fellow at the Independence Institute, wrote an amendment convention handbook for ALEC.

The institute also has ties to ALEC through its membership with the State Policy Network which itself is a member of ALEC.

Please see SPN Ties to ALEC for more.

About ALEC

ALEC is a corporate bill mill. It is not just a lobby or a front group; it is much more powerful than that. Through ALEC, corporations hand state legislators their wishlists to benefit their bottom line. Corporations fund almost all of ALEC's operations. They pay for a seat on ALEC task forces where corporate lobbyists and special interest reps vote with elected officials to approve “model” bills. Learn more at the Center for Media and Democracy's ALECexposed.org, and check out breaking news on our ExposedbyCMD.org site.

Ties to the Franklin Center for Government and Public Integrity

The Independence Institute has hosted writers from the ALEC-connected Franklin Center for Government and Public Integrity, which screens potential reporters on their “free market” views as part of the job application process. The Franklin Center funds reporters in over 40 states. Despite their non-partisan description, many of the websites funded by the Franklin Center have received criticism for their conservative bias. On its website, the Franklin Center claims it "provides 10 percent of all daily reporting from state capitals nationwide."

Franklin Center Funding

Franklin Center Director of Communications Michael Moroney told the Center for Public Integrity (CPI) in 2013 that the source of the Franklin Center's funding "is 100 percent anonymous." But 95 percent of its 2011 funding came from DonorsTrust, a spin-off of the Philanthropy Roundtable that functions as a large "donor-advised fund," cloaking the identity of donors to right-wing causes across the country (CPI did a review of Franklin's Internal Revenue Service records). Mother Jones called DonorsTrust "the dark-money ATM of the conservative movement" in a February 2013 article. Franklin received DonorTrust's second-largest donation in 2011.

The Franklin Center also receives funding from the Wisconsin-based Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, a conservative grant-making organization.

The Franklin Center was launched by the Chicago-based Sam Adams Alliance (SAM), a 501(c)(3) devoted to pushing free-market ideals. SAM gets funding from the State Policy Network, which is partially funded by The Claude R. Lambe Foundation. Charles Koch, one of the billionaire brothers who co-own Koch Industries, sits on the board of this foundation. SAM also receives funding from the Rodney Fund.

Funding

The Independence Institute is not required to disclose its funders. Its major funders, however, can be found through a search of the IRS filings of those foundations.

• Adolph Coors Foundation: $3,130,952 (2009-2017)
• American Encore: $5,000 (2012)
• American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers: $10,000 (2017)
• Americans for Tax Reform: $10,000 (2017)
• Anschutz Foundation: $316,700 (2009-2011)
• Armstrong Family Foundation: $3,000 (2011-2014)
• Autrey Foundation: $40,000 (2014-2017)
• Castle Rock Foundation: $760,000 (1995-2008)
• Catholic Foundation of North Colorado: $25,000 (2017)
• Center for Excellence in Higher Education, Inc.: $10,000 (2017-2018)
• Charles G. Koch Foundation: $87,000 (2003-2006)
• Community First Foundation: $293,928 (2013-2018)
• Denver Foundation: $25,000 (2013-2018)
• Deramus Foundation, Inc.: $10,000 (2014-2016)
• Donors Capital Fund: $1,781,400 (2005-2016)
• DonorsTrust: $1,101,063 (2010-2018)
• Energy Policy Network: $115,000 (2017-2018)
• Franklin Center for Government and Public Integrity: $6,750 (2012)
• Gelatt-Gephart Foundation, Inc.: $12,000 (2012-2017)
• Jaquelin Hume Foundation: $661,225 (2000-2011)
• JM Foundation: $95,000 (1997-2009)
• Joseph H. Thopson Fund: $27,000 (2014-2018)
• Kramer Foundation: $1,500 (2011)
• Lee and Bev Kunz Foundation: $8,500 (2010-2015)
• Legacy Foundation: $29,000 (2013-2014)
• The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation: $1,810,000 (2004-2018)
• Marin Community Foundation: $10,000 (2018)
• Michael and Joan Williamson Family Foundation: $105,000 (2011-2017)
• National Christian Charitable Foundation, Inc.: $303,200 (2012-2017)
• National Philanthropic Trust: $160,000 (2015-2018)
• National Rifle Association Foundation, Inc.: $2,138,000; broken down: $1,420,000 (2006-2014), $718,000 (2015-2017)
• PEMA Foundation, Inc.: $58,500 (2013-2017)
• Peterson Family Foundation: $1,000 (2011)
• Pew Charitable Trusts: $40,000 (2011)
• Pikes Peak United Way: $5,000 (2013)
• Prometheus Foundation: $10,000 (2016)
• The Roe Foundation: $262,500 (1998-2011)
• Sarah Scaife Foundation: $50,000 (2018)
• Schwab Charitable Fund: $76,600 (2015-2018)
• Shopneck Family Foundation: $10,000 (2018)
• State Policy Network: $270,448.18 (2002-2017)
• Tepper Family Foundation: $4,000 (2016-2018)
• Tyl Foundation: $282,300 (2011-2018)
• The Vernon K. Krieble Foundation: $85,500 (2001-2009)
• William H. Donner Foundation: $258,000 (1998-2011)
• Wilson Family Foundation: $5,000 (2013)
• Windway Foundation: $5,000.00 (2010)
• Woodford Foundation: $61,500 (2010-2018)
• Woods Charitable Foundation: $20,000 (2016)

Partial List of 1985-1990 Funders

According to a 1991 report by the National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, the Independence Institute was funded in part by the following corporations, organizations, and foundations from 1985 to 1990:

• Corporations & Organizations:
  • Amex Corp.
  • American Furniture Warehouse
  • Arapahoe Community College
  • Arco Coal
  • Automated Business Services
  • Bailey Companies
  • Ball Corp.
  • Benson Mineral Group
  • Caim Companies
  • Calcon Constructors
  • Captiva Corp.
  • Celtech Corp.
  • Chevron Oil
  • Ciruli Associates
  • Colorado Association of Commerce & Industry
  • Colorado Association of School Executives
  • Colorado Bar Association
  • Colorado Interstate Gas Co.
  • Colorado National Bankshares, Inc.
  • Colorado Springs Chamber of Commerce
  • Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph
  • Columbine Venture Fund, Ltd.
  • Cooley Gravel Company
  • Coopers & Lybrand
  • Custom Envelope Corp.
  • David, Graham & Stubbs
  • Deloitte Haskins & Sells
  • Denver Technological Center
  • Denver West, Inc.
  • Dixon Paper
  • DTM Products
  • Duncan Cattle Company
  • Embassy Suites Hotel
  • Equity Syndication
  • Flatiron Companies
  • D.E. Frey and Co.
  • Frontier Oil and Refining
  • G.E. Johnson Construction
  • General Motors
  • Gerald Phipps Inc.
  • Great Southwest Construction Co.
  • Greater Denver Chamber of Commerce
  • Hewlett Packard
  • High Valley Group
  • Home Builders Association of Metro Denver
  • Hyatt Regency Denver
  • Ideal Basic Industries
  • Jostens Inc.
  • Kelmore Association
  • Keystone Resort Inc.
  • King Soopers
  • Koelbel and Co.
  • Louisiana Pacific Corp.
  • Lucas Oil and Gas
  • Martin Marietta
  • Marriott Hotels
  • Mobil Oil Corp.
  • Mountain States Employers Council
  • North Central Life Insurance Co.
  • Oklahoma Publishing
  • One Source Management
  • Peat Marwick Main & Co.
  • Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co. of Denver
  • Phelps, Inc.
  • Gerald Phipps Inc.
  • [Potential Inc.] (illeg.)
  • Presto Print
  • Public Service Co. of Colorado
  • The Pueblo Chieftain
  • Ralston Purina Co.
  • Ready-Mixed Concrete
  • Ridgewood Realty
  • Robinson Dairy
  • Roche Constructors
  • Rocky Mountain Oil and Gas Association
  • Rocky Mountain Orthodontics
  • Saunders Construction
  • Shuck Corp.
  • Security Life of Denver
  • Step Thirteen
  • Stock Imagery Inc.
  • Storage Technology
  • True Oil
  • United Banks of Colorado, Inc.
  • United Bank of Denver
  • U.S. West Communications
  • Vail Association
  • Vessels Oil and Gas Co.
  • Welbourne Co.
  • Woodford Manufacturing
• Foundations:
  • Amoco Foundation
  • Anschutz Foundation
  • Atlas Foundation
  • Howard W. Callaway Foundation
  • Adolph Coors Foundation
  • Dobbins Foundation
  • El Pomar Foundation
  • Farley Foundation
  • Garvey Kansas Foundation
  • Gates Foundation
  • G.D. Searle Charitable Trust
  • Hawkins Foundation
  • JM Foundation
  • [Mon Foundation] (illeg.)
  • Powell Family Foundation
  • Rawlings Foundation
  • Ruth and Vernon Taylor Foundation
  • White Foundation

Core Financials

2018:

• Total Revenue: $3,196,031
• Total Expenses: $3,518,479
• Net Assets: $3,743,258

2017:

• Total Revenue: $2,230,351
• Total Expenses: $2,782,204
• Net Assets: $4,060,566

2016:

• Total Revenue: $1,660,315
• Total Expenses: $1,293,943
• Net Assets: $4,614,191

2015:

• Total Revenue: $2,128,106
• Total Expenses: $2,907,995
• Net Assets: $4,243,416

2014:

• Total Revenue: $2,716,740
• Total Expenses: $2,621,981
• Net Assets: $5,024,988

2013:

• Total Revenue: $2,906,044
• Total Expenses: $2,995,352
• Net Assets: $4,927,653

2012:

• Total Revenue: $2,570,000
• Total Expenses: $2,255,566
• Net Assets: $5,016,961

Grants Distributed

• Daily Caller News Foundation: $10,000

2011:

• Total Revenue: $1,965,509
• Total Expenses: $1,963,635
• Net Assets: $2,417,013

2010:

• Total Revenue: $1,965,509
• Total Expenses: $1,963,635
• Net Assets: $2,417,013

2009:

• Total Revenue: $1,469,690
• Total Expenses: $1,527,047
• Net Assets: $2,403,353

Personnel

Staff

As of August 2020:

• Jon Caldara, President
• Eric Broughton, Chief Operating Officer
• Pam Benigno, Education Policy Center Director
• Laura Carno, FASTER Training
• Kathleen Chandler, Foundations and Coalitions Manager
• Linda Gorman, Health Care Policy Center Director
• Tracy Kimball Smith, Creative Labs
• Michelle Knight, Executive Assistant, Investor Relations
• David Kopel, Research Director and Second Amendment Project Director
• Mike Krause, Complete Colorado Editor-in-Chief, former Director of Public Affairs
• Maty Macfarlane, Grants & Outreach Manager
• Shayne Madsen, Director, Political Law Center
• Tyler Massey, Creative Labs/Digital Assets Manager
• Ben Murrey, Fiscal Policy Center Director
• Rob Natelson, Senior Fellow, Constitutional Jurisprudence
• Randal O'Toole, Transportation Policy Center Director
• Sherrie Peif, Investigative Reporter
• Dennis Polhill, Senior Fellow, Public Infrastructure
• Paul Prentice, Senior Fellow, Fiscal Policy Center
• Damon Sasso, Vice President, Operations and Creative Labs
• Carol Van Dyke, School Choice for Kids Website Manager
• Josh Williams, Donor Relations Manager
• Zach Ziegler, Marketing and Media Assistant

Former Staff

• Rick Grice - Director Governor's Office of Energy Management and Conservation. Former Senior Fellow
• Jay Ambrose, Contributing Columnist
• John Andrews - Colorado State Senate Minority Leader and founder of the Independence Institute.
• Greg Bledsoe - Colorado Counties. Legislative Liaison for agricultural, wildlife and rural affairs issues
• Christina "CJ" James Buchanan, Development
• Amy Oliver Cooke, Executive Vice President and Director of the Energy and Environmental Policy Center
• Wendell Cox, Corporate Consultant
• Paul Danish, Former Senior Fellow; Boulder County Commissioner
• Ben DeGrow, Policy Analyst, Education Policy Center
• Marya DeGrow, Research Associate, Education Policy Center
• Joanne D. Eisen, Senior Fellow, Criminal Justice
• Susan Evans, Director of Major Gifts
• Barry Fagin, Senior Fellow, Technology
• Rob Fairbank, Former Office Director; Colorado House Republican Caucus Chair, Third-ranking Republican in the Colorado House
• Paul Gallant, Senior Fellow, Criminal Justice
• Raaki Garcia-Ulam, Hispanic outreach coordinator, School Choice for Kids
• J. Craig Green, Senior Fellow, Water Policy
• Shari Hanrahan, Director of Investor Opportunities
• Ted Harvey, Former Office Director; Colorado State Representative
• Mark Hillman, Senior Fellow, Fiscal Policy Center
• Fred Holden, Senior Fellow, Fiscal Policy Center
• Krista Kafer, Senior Fellow, Education Policy Center
• Rachael Kaiser, School Choice for Kids Database Manager
• Kait Lochner, Assistant to the Vice President of Operations
• Simon Lomax, Associate Energy Policy Analyst
• Justin Longo, Communications/Creative Labs/Complete Colorado
• Todd Lubas, Director of Strategic Partnerships
• Mary MacFarlane, Development Associate
• Angelica Malik, Development Manager
• Julie Mallon, Vice President of Development
• Jack McCroskey, Former Senior Fellow; Regional Transportation District Director
• Shawn Mitchell, Former Senior Fellow; Colorado State Representative, Chair, House Information and Technology Committee
• Brit Naas, Future Leaders Program
• Randal O'Toole, Center for the American Dream Director
• Wojciech Owczarek, Education Policy Analyst
• Penn Pfiffner, Fiscal Policy Center Director
• Megan Polston, Administrative Assistant
• Barry Poulson, Senior Fellow, Fiscal Policy Center
• Michael Sandoval, Energy Policy Analyst and Investigative Reporter
• Cherish Shaffer, Special Projects
• Todd Shepherd, Investigative Reporter
• Tom Tancredo, Former President; Sixth Congressional District of Colorado
• Brian Schwartz, Research Associate, Health Care Policy Center
• Erick Valencia, Outreach and Communications Coordinator, Education Policy Center
• William Yeatman, Policy Analyst, Energy Policy Center
• Karen Zuppa, Accountant

Board of Trustees

As of September 2019:

• Jon Caldara, President
• Catherine Shopneck, Chairman
• Katherine Whitcomb, Vice-Chairman
• Debbie Donner
• Mike McCarty
• Joseph Smith
• Dick Wadhams

Former Trustees

• Bruce Benson, Former Board Member; Former Republican Nominee for Governor of Colorado, 1994
• Jeffrey Coors, Former Board Member
• Donald Paul Hodel, Former Chairman; Former Secretary of the Interior, 1985-1989
• Joe Ignat, Former Secretary/Treasurer
• James MacDougald, Honorary Life Trustee
• Gale Norton, Former Senior Fellow and Board Member; Former U.S. Secretary of the Interior, 2001-2006
• Mike Rosen, Former Board Member; News Radio 850 KOA Talk Show Host and Newspaper Columnist

Contact Information

Independence Institute
727 E. 16th Ave.
Denver, CO 80203
Phone: (303) 279-6536
Email: info@i2i.org
Website: https://www.i2i.org
Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/i2idotorg/
Twitter:https://twitter.com/i2idotorg

Articles and Resources

IRS Form 990 Filings

2018

2017

2016

Related Sourcewatch

• Adam Meyerson
• Adolph Coors Foundation
• ALEC
• American Council of Trustees and Alumni
• American Enterprise Institute
• American Express
• Americans for Tax Reform
• Amoco
• Anschutz Foundation
• ARCO
• Atlas Foundation
• Barry Poulson
• Bridgett Wagner
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• Castle Rock Foundation
• Charles Koch
• Charles G. Koch Foundation
• Chevron
• Donald Paul Hodel
• Donors Capital Fund
• DonorsTrust
• Education Task Force
• ExxonMobil
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• Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
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• Philanthropy Roundtable
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• SPN Ties to ALEC
• State Policy Network
• Tax and Fiscal Policy Task Force
• Think tank
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